Extended high-frequency hearing loss among Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Research trends concerning hearing loss within teen rural populations are limited and current evidence suggests that extended high-frequency audiometry can be a sensitive tool to detect subclinical hearing loss. Moreover, current research emphasises the importance of representing different ethnic populations in science. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acquired hearing loss through conventional pure-tone (0.25-8 kHz) and extended high frequency (EHF) (9-20 kHz) audiometry in Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 230 Afro-Colombian adolescents aged 13-17 years who attended high school in a rural population from Cartagena, Colombia. INTERVENTIONS: Otoscopic examination, conventional (0.25-8 kHz) and EHF (9-20 kHz) audiometry tests were performed during February-March 2021. Sociodemographic and associated factor questionnaires were also applied to assess probable factors associated with EHF hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acquired hearing loss using conventional and EHF audiometry, and factors associated with hearing loss. RESULTS: Of 230 adolescents who met the eligibility criteria, 133 (57.82%) were female. The mean age was 15.22 years (SD 1.62). The prevalence of hearing loss in at least one ear assessed with conventional audiometry was 21.30% and with EHF audiometry 14.78%. The main abnormal otoscopic findings included neotympanum (1.30%), myringosclerosis (0.87%) and monomeric scars (0.43%). Factors associated with a higher probability of EHF hearing loss found through logistic regression were older age (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.45; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.80), attending the 'Picó' four or more times a month (PR 6.63; 95% CI 2.16 to 20.30), attending bars more than three times a month (PR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59) and self-reported hearing difficulties (PR 1.24; 95% CI 1.22 to 4.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that acquired hearing loss is already widespread among this young rural population.