Effects of the antihypertensive drug efonidipine hydrochloride on albuminuria and renal histopathology in young spontaneously hypertensive rats with diabetes.

ABSTRACT

1. We investigated the renal protective effect of efonidipine hydrochloride (efonidipine, NZ-105) in STZ-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, 8 weeks of age). Diabetic SHRs were treated with 15 mg/kg/day of efonidipine for 12 weeks. 2. The dosage of efonidipine was chosen after preliminary studies demonstrated that it showed mild antihypertensive action (within 20% decrease of systemic blood pressure). 3. In the diabetic SHRs, the excretion of urinary albumin was increased (1.78 +/- 0.09 mg/day) at 4 weeks and reached 4.41 +/- 0.12 mg/day at 12 weeks. The levels of urinary albumin in the diabetic SHRs after treatment with efonidipine were significantly less than those in the diabetic SHRs at 8 and 12 weeks (P < 0.01). 4. Levels of creatinine clearance were decreased in the diabetic SHRs after treatment with efonidipine. 5. In light microscopy, the ratio of glomerular tuft to Bowman's areas was significantly decreased compared with those in the diabetic SHRs (P < 0.05). 6. These findings suggest that efonidipine inhibits the development of albuminuria and glomerular enlargement in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic SHRs and may become a useful antihypertensive drug with a renal protective effect.