New York State Dental Establishments and Dentists: 2007-2012. Economic Survey.

Every five years a series of studies is carried out by the Census Bureau which provides an opportunity to review the basic economic well-being of the many industries at the national, state and county levels. A comparison of dental economic data from the 2007 and 2012 studies for the period that encompassed the 2007-2009 "Great Recession" details the general economic difficulties faced by the dental profession during this period.

Massachusetts Dental Establishments: 2007-2012 Economic Survey.

Every five years, a series of studies is carried out by the U.S. CensusBureau that provides an opportunity to review the basic economic well-being of many industries at the national, state, and county level.-A comparison of dental economic data from the 2007 and 2012 stud es for the period that encompassed the 2007-2009 "Great Recession details the general economic difficulties faced by the dental profes-ion during this period. "While much of the economy has recovered since the Great Recession, the earnings of general [dental] practitioners have not, according to the ADA. In fact, 2014's average earnings of $174,780 for all GPs follow 2013's average of $183,885 and come at the end of a nearly decade-long decline since 2005's inflation-adjusted peak of $219,378"1¹Previous presentations in the JOURNAL OF THE MAsSSCHuUSTTs DENTAL Socimetyreviewed concerns regarding national dental economics and dental practice in relation to population changes in Massachusetts.2,3 More recent information is now available for business receipts for dental establishments with employees at the state and county levels that provides an opportunity to consider economic factors and dental practices from another perspective.

New York State after last recession. Dentists and dental establishments.

Data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the New York State Office of the Professions indicate an increase in emigration and immigration, resulting in slowing in the overall growth of New York State's population, with accompanying modifications in the numbers of dentists and dental establishments in state counties. In addition, ADA data suggest that per capita dental spending has not rebounded since the end of the last recession. While there have been many changes at the county level, there does not seem to have been dramatic changes in the overall state numbers of dental practitioners and establishments through the early years of the current decade.

A closer look at disparities in earnings between white and minoritized dentists.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors that account for differences in dentist earnings between White and minoritized dentists. DATA SOURCES: We used data from the American Dental Association's Survey of dental practice, which includes information on 2001-2018 dentist net income, practice ZIP code, patient mix between private and public insurance, and dentist gender, age, and year of dental school graduation. We merged the data on dentist race and ethnicity and school of graduation from the American Dental Association masterfile. Based on practice ZIP code, we also merged the data on local area racial and ethnic composition from the American Community Survey. STUDY DESIGN: We used a linear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to assess observable characteristics that explain the gap in earnings between White and minoritized dentists. To assess differences in earnings between White and minoritized dentists at different points of the income distribution, we used a re-centered influence function and estimated an unconditional quantile Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: We extracted data for 22,086 dentists ages 25-85 who worked at least 8 weeks per year and 20 hours per week. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Observable characteristics accounted for 58% of the earnings gap between White and Asian dentists, 55% of the gap between White and Hispanic dentists, and 31% of the gap between White and Black dentists. The gap in earnings between White and Asian dentists narrowed at higher quantiles of the income distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other minoritized dentists, Black dentists have the largest earnings disparities relative to White dentists. While the level of the explained component of the disparity for Black dentists is comparable to the explained part of the disparities for other minoritized dentists, the excess percentage of the unexplained component for Black dentists accounts for the additional amount of disparity that Black dentists experienced. Persistent income disparities could discourage minoritized dentists from entering the profession.

The economics of dental practice--present and future.

The combination of increased practitioner income, increases in the proportion of the population reporting visits for dental services, decreases in the number of dental school graduates, decreases in the dentist-to-population ratio, and increases in the number of female students and practitioners (many of whom report significantly fewer work hours than their male counterparts), portends favorable economics for dental practices. However, the cost of dental care is "felt" to a greater extent than for other health services. Current and future funding arrangements for dental services could be vulnerable to economic downturns, efforts to control business overhead costs and continued minimal government support. There may need to be concern regarding the infrastructure of economics of dental practice. A series of favorable developments, including increasing dental practitioner income, an increasing use of dental services, decreasing numbers of graduates and decreasing practitioner-to-population ratios would seem to favor continued encouraging prospects for the future of dental practices. However, compared to other health services, the reliance on (1) out-of-pocket funding for a major share of dental expenditures, and (2) limited government support for dental services raise questions regarding the infrastructure of dental economics. These subjects are reviewed in the following presentation.

The economic health of dentistry: past, present, and future.

Important changes in dentistry during the past two decades include a declining caries incidence, an increase in the number of dentists, greater competition for patients, and the spread of retail dentistry and alternative plans for financing and delivering dental services. Dire predictions about the effects of these changes often have not been based on facts. This article uses available data to examine the profession's economic prospects.

The economics of dental practice in New Zealand, 1974-1993.

New Zealand Dental Association survey data were used to explore trends in the principal indicators of dental practice economics over the last two decades. Gross income in the most recent financial year, 1992, was the highest during this period. However, the costs of dental practice have also risen, and now absorb close to 60 percent of revenue compared with around 50 percent in the early 1970s. As a result, real net income has yet to return to the "peak" levels achieved in the mid-1970s. Nevertheless, average real net incomes earned in 1992 (in 1988 dollar terms) of $85,701 is around 8 percent higher than the average real net income between 1974 and 1992 of $79,243. Furthermore, the lower income tax rates applying in the post-1990 period have produced post-1990 after-tax incomes which are higher in real terms than those in the pre-1990 period. The trends in real net dental income earned by dentists between 1982 and 1992 are shown to correspond closely to the trends in the average incomes of higher-income consumers. The rate of increase in the fees charged by dentists between 1978 and 1993 has, for most services, exceeded the rate of increase in consumer prices generally. A notable exception is the fee charged for complete dentures, which displayed much more modest increases. It is possible that this is attributable to the presence of competing suppliers (dental technicians) for this service.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

What about dental economics for the 1990s?

A slowdown in per capita dental expenditures is projected through the year 2000. However, reduction in the "production" of new dentists will offset these economic developments and result in a continued favorable economic environment.

Dental practice in New York State counties. 10-year economic analysis.

Results from a series of Federal reports indicate a continuing up-turn in dental economics in New York State through the early 1990s. A review of dental practices at the state and county level document these developments.

Evolving trends in size and structure of group dental practices in the United States.

In this study, the authors examined recent trends in the growth of dental establishments and dental firms, including geographic location. In this article, they also present information about the demographic characteristics of dentists who work in a dental practice that is part of a larger company that delivers dental care in multiple locations. The number of dental establishments (single locations) and the average size of these establishments grew from 1992 to 2007. Large multi-unit dental firms grew in terms of number of establishments and the percentage of total receipts. Large multi-unit dental firms represent a small but growing segment of the dental market. Dentists less than thirty-five years old were most likely to work in a practice that was part of a larger company, and females were more likely than males to work in such a setting. The percentage of dentists working in these settings was also found to vary by region and state. The authors present a typology of dental group practice and suggest that future research should take into account the differences so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn and generalizations across categories are not made.