RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Public health nurses (PHNs) have a significant role in engaging the voice and actions of school communities in promoting the health of children and youth. School nursing was one of the early 20th century public health nursing foci and specialties in Canada, however over several decades, there has been a gap in actualizing PHNs' full potential in schools. At the same time, intersectoral and interdisciplinary comprehensive school health (CSH) models have emerged as exemplars of partnerships between schools and communities to advance health promotion and ultimately chronic disease prevention with school populations (Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health, ; World Health Organization, ). DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT: Using a participatory action research methodology we explored the role of PHNs in CSH, drawing on the concept of engagement in intersectoral healthy school teams. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The three themes that emerged from the data analysis were: facilitators of public health nursing engagement, barriers to public health nursing engagement, and the influences of community context on engagement. Overall, findings indicate that the PHN role in CSH must be developed and supported so that PHNs remain a vital link between school health communities, programs, and policies in the promotion of health.
Asunto(s)
Educación en Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Enfermeras de Salud Pública , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Servicios de Enfermería Escolar/métodos , Adolescente , Canadá , Niño , Humanos , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW) is a population-based practice model that encompasses three levels of practice (community, systems, and individual/family) and 17 public health interventions. Each intervention and practice level contributes to improving population health. Public health nurses (PHNs) provide care at the three levels of practice. Prevention of falls is a public health issue and the majority of falls happen at home. Therefore, prevention and management of falls in the community could benefit from a public health systems approach by PHNs underpinned by the PHIW. CASE PRESENTATION: A hypothetical case is presented of a 78-year-old gentleman who had a fall which resulted in a fractured right acetabulum and surgery before being discharged home. METHODS: The aim of this paper was to use a case summary to illustrate PHN practice in the context of the PHIW as applied to falls management and prevention. This paper focuses on fall incidence and PHN response in Ireland and Norway. The PHIW is described and relevant interventions from the PHIW are applied to PHN practice in managing the case. CONCLUSIONS: The PHIW model provides insight into the potential scope of public health nursing in falls, articulating PHN practice in the community.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas , Acetábulo/lesiones , Manejo de Caso , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Salud Pública/métodos , Acetábulo/cirugía , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Noruega , Enfermeras de Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
Nursing in Egypt has evolved over recent decades. Development has accelerated following recent government recognition of the contribution nurses make to healthcare access, quality and delivery. A vision to enhance nursing capacity resulted in a recent mandate requiring all nursing curricula to be competency based. Concurrently, the Educational Development Fund of the Egyptian Cabinet of Ministers drafted a nursing educational plan including a strategy to develop and implement a contextually congruent educational model with proven success comparable to international standards. This report discusses the 4-year curriculum development project designed to upgrade the current technical-level nursing curriculum to a consistent competency-based model. The competency-based educational model will be trialled in 3 technical institutes before nationwide rollout and implementation. Details of the project plan are described, including an overview of curriculum development considerations. This report provides insights for policy-makers and educators embarking on similar health workforce reform and capacity development initiatives.
Asunto(s)
Educación Basada en Competencias/métodos , Curriculum , Educación en Enfermería/métodos , Competencia Clínica/normas , Educación Basada en Competencias/organización & administración , Curriculum/normas , Educación en Enfermería/organización & administración , Educación en Enfermería/normas , Egipto , Humanos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/educación , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodosRESUMEN
Introducción: La enfermería cubana es una profesión que ha experimentado cambios trascendentales en sus funciones como prestadora de servicios de salud, así como en el proceso de formación que ha realizado de forma acelerada, por etapas y niveles, lo que conllevó a ajustar los modelos de formación. Los programas de estudio son perfeccionados en correspondencia con el encargo social y desarrollo científico técnico, lo que permite dar respuesta oportuna a la salud universal. Objetivo: Exponer experiencias en la formación de recursos humanos de enfermería en el contexto cubano, logros alcanzados y principales desafíos ante la salud universal. Métodos: Ensayo cualitativo teórico-reflexivo, realizado en enero a mayo de 2020, basado en literatura nacional e internacional. Para buscar los estudios se utilizaron descriptores controlados "Recursos humanos", "Enfermería", "Salud", en bases de datos latinoamericanas e internacionales. Los datos se procesaron a través del análisis de contenido. Conclusión: Cuba ha conseguido desarrollar la formación de los recursos humanos en enfermería y alcanzar adecuada cobertura de salud, lo que resulta un logro que garantiza atención sin exclusión de las personas que requieran sus servicios(AU)
Introduction: Nursing, as a profession, has undergone transcendental changes in Cuba regarding its functions as provider of healthcare services; as well as in the training process, which has undergone accelerated transformations, by stages and levels, and thus led to adjustments in the training model. The study programs are improved in correspondence with the social order and technical-scientific development, which allows a timely response to universal health. Objective: To present experiences regarding the training of nursing human resources in the Cuban context, as well as achievements and main challenges concerning universal health. Methods: Theoretical-reflective and qualitative essay carried out from January to May 2020, supported by national and international literature. To identify the studies, controlled descriptors were used (Recursos humanos [human resources], Enfermería [nursing], Salud [health]), searching in Latin-American and international databases. The data was processed through content analysis. Conclusion: Cuba has managed to develop the training of human resources in nursing and achieve adequate health coverage, an achievement that guarantees care without exclusion of the people who require such services(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Desarrollo de Personal/métodos , Calidad de la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
The purpose of this study is to clarify the competencies used by public health nurses in creating new health care systems in the community. The subjects were four public health nurses who were nominated by other public health nurses. As a method a qualitative method was used. Each subject was interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire which was made based on each system she had developed. Each interview was tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed and divided by the seven domains proposed by Benner. The results showed that public health nurses took roles in six out of the seven domains of Benner. Among them the "Organizational and Work-Role Competencies" domain had a lot of content and was divided into more detailed seven subcategories. All four public health nurses were stimulated to create a new care system by exposure to a serious case and being moved deeply through visits to homes and hospital. The desire to solve the problem of individual clients leads to the establishment a new system in the community, showing the originality of the role of public health nurses who have nursing knowledge and who work in a regional government. In the process of building a health care system each public health nurse secured the budget or created a new measure of the regional government. It shows the significance of the role that public health nurses play in the regional government.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Competencia Profesional , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , JapónRESUMEN
District nursing is facing a period of significant change, and it is up to the profession to enure this is a positive thing. A trip to Sweden gave one nurse the chance to learn from a different system, and to see the strengths of our own.
Asunto(s)
Intercambio Educacional Internacional , Enfermería en Salud Pública/organización & administración , Humanos , Perfil Laboral , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/normas , Suecia , Reino Unido/etnologíaRESUMEN
Objective: to understand the practices developed in the care provided by nurses in the National Health Programs in a unit of the basic health network in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: The design was a formof case study. The scenario set up in a health center in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and the research participants, eight nurses. Data were collected through semi-structured and subjected to thematic analysis systematic observation and interview. Results: One may observe the following practices most frequently associated programmatic activities performed by nurses: the nursing consultation, educational practice and the organization of the input stream. Conclusion: Knowing the different practices and care developed by nurses in different areas of expertise and professional linkages in different programs within the Primary Care, it was possible to understand the elements complexity and the multifaceted nature of the nursing profession.
Objetivo: compreender as práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros nos Programas Nacionais de Saúde em uma unidade da rede básica de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: A modalidade de delineamento foi o estudo de caso. O cenário configurou-se em um Centro Municipal de Saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro e os participantes da pesquisa, oito enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação sistemática e entrevista semi-estruturada e submetidos a análise temática. Resultados: Pôde-se constatar, as seguintes práticas mais frequentes associadas às atividades programáticas, realizadas pelos enfermeiros: a consulta de enfermagem, a prática educativa e a organização do fluxo de entrada. Conclusão: Conhecer as diferentes práticas e o cuidado desenvolvido por enfermeiros, nos diferentes espaços de atuação e de articulação profissional em distintos programas, no âmbito da Atenção Básica, possibilitou compreender a complexidade de elementos e o caráter multifacetário da profissão.
Objetivo: comprender las prácticas desarrolladas en la atención proporcionada por enfermeras en los Programas Nacionales de Salud en una unidad de la red básica de salud en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Métodos: El diseño en forma de estudio de caso. El escenario instalado en un centro de salud en el municipio de Río de Janeiro y los participantes de la investigación, ocho enfermeras. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevista semi-estructurada y observación sistemática y se sometieron a análisis temático. Resultados: Se pudo observar las siguientes prácticas más frecuentemente asociadas actividades programáticas realizadas por las enfermeras: la consulta de enfermería, la práctica educativa y la organización del flujo de entrada. Conclusión: Conocer las diferentes prácticas y el cuidar desarrollados por las enfermeras en diferentes áreas de conocimiento y en diferentes programas dentro de la Atención Primaria, nos ha permitido comprender la complejidad de los elementos y la naturaleza multifacética de la profesión.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Atención Primaria de Salud , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/tendencias , Práctica Profesional , BrasilRESUMEN
La cobertura universal en salud significa tener acceso equitativo a servicios integrales de salud suficientes y de calidad. Supone además, que lo anterior esté acompañado de las mínimas afectaciones económicas a las personas atendidas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las principales áreas en la que esta profesión desarrolla proyecciones de trabajo que tributan a la cobertura universal en salud. Se revisaron los informes emitidos por el Consejo Internacional de Enfermería en los últimos 12 años, así como las declaraciones más recientes de esta organización en relación con la temática objeto de análisis. Los profesionales de enfermería forman parte de los recursos humanos llamados a concretar su aporte en el alcance de la cobertura universal en salud pero resulta de vital importancia comprender que aportar a ello no supone detenerse en el establecimiento de nuevas acciones cuando ya se han definido varias que pueden contribuir a lo esperado. Se describen también algunas áreas en las que no se han concretado acciones. Se concluye que si bien el término Cobertura Universal en Salud no ha formado, de manera explícita, parte de la agenda de los organismos internacionales que lideran la profesión enfermera, las proyecciones que han desarrollado incluyen acciones que tributan a su alcance. La contribución con los aspectos vinculados al financiamiento constituyen aún un reto para la profesión de enfermería en tanto no ha formado parte de las agendas analizadas en la última década(AU)
Universal health coverage means having equitable access to sufficient comprehensive and quality health services. It also presupposes that this process is accompanied by minimum economic effects for the cared persons. The objective of this article was to analyze the main areas in which nursing develops work projects that contribute to the universal health coverage. The reports of the International Council of Nursing in the last 12 years as well as the most recent statements of this organization about this topic were all reviewed. The nursing staff is part of the human resources that should materialize their contribution to the universal health coverage scope; however, it is vital to understand that this contribution does not mean just establishing new actions when several ones have been already defined and may support reaching the expected results. Likewise, some areas in which no actions have been set were described. It was concluded that although the term universal health coverage has not been explicitly included in the agenda of the leading international bodies of nursing, the work projections that they have designed do cover actions that encourage the scope of universal coverage. Financing contribution is still a challenge for the nursing profession since it has not been part of the analyzed agendas in the last decade(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de SaludRESUMEN
Neste estudo, fundamentado na aproximação de um referencial teórico-metodológico híbrido entre pesquisa-ação e a Teoria da Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva (TIPESC), buscou-se defender que o Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS), como atenção à saúde e organização das práticas de cuidado, favorece o desenvolvimento de projetos de intervenções terapêuticas pelo enfermeiro no campo da saúde coletiva e pode, assim, subsidiar a reflexão sobre um projeto de Enfermagem nesse campo de atenção. A apreensão dos dados empíricos realizou-se por meio da triangulação de coleta de dados a partir da entrevista semiestruturada com 12 enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Maricá (RJ), análise documental do Plano Municipal de Saúde â 2014/2017 e diário de campo do acompanhamento de seis reuniões de equipe da ESF na construção do PTS. A partir deste estudo, confirmou-se a tese de que o PTS favorece o desenvolvimento de projetos de intervenções terapêuticas pelo enfermeiro no campo da saúde coletiva ao desenvolver, como organizador do PTS, visão crítica e reflexiva sobre os determinantes do processo saúde-doença na atenção à saúde e na organização das práticas de cuidado. Quanto às intervenções necessárias para subsidiar a reflexão sobre um projeto de Enfermagem no município de Maricá (RJ), os enfermeiros indicaram intervenções relacionadas às dimensões particular, singular e estrutural. A partir destes resultados, apresentou-se, como síntese, a compreensão de como o PTS pode subsidiar a reflexão de um projeto de Enfermagem no campo da saúde coletiva na atenção à saúde e na organização das práticas de cuidado. Neste sentido, acredita-se que alguns impactos podem ser esperados a partir do desenvolvimento do PTS na prática de cuidado do enfermeiro: aumento da qualidade do cuidado prestado ao sujeito, à família e grupos populacionais; organização dos serviços de saúde, a partir de uma nova lógica de cuidado; legitimação do trabalho em equipe e reconhecimento profissional do enfermeiro na saúde coletiva.
The present study was based on a hybrid theoretical and methodological framework between action research and the theory of praxis intervention in collective health nursing (TIPESC). Its aim was to advocate that, as a form of health care and organizing health practices, the singular therapeutic project (STP) favors the development of therapeutic intervention programs by nurses in the field of collective health and can thus substantiate reflections about a nursing program in this field of care. Empirical data were gathered via data triangulation, based on a semi-structured interview with 12 family health strategies (FHS) in the municipality of Maricá (RJ), document analysis of the Municipal Health Plan 2014/2017, and a field journal of six FHS team meetings to construct STP. Based on this study, we confirmed the thesis that STP favors the development of nursing therapeutic programs in the field of collective health by developing a critical and reflexive viewpoint about the determinants of the health-illness process in health care and the organization of health practices. Regarding the interventions needed to underpin the reflection about a nursing program in the municipality of Maricá (Rio de Janeiro), the nurses indicated interventions related to particular, singular and structural dimensions. Based on these results, we present a synthesis on how STP can substantiate reflections about a nursing program in the field of collective health in terms of health care provision and in the organization of health practices. In this sense, we believe that some possible impacts of STP on the practice of nursing care are: increased quality of care provision to individuals, families and population groups; organization of health services, based on a new logic of care; legitimization teamwork and professional recognition of nurses in collective health.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrategias de Salud Nacionales , Pautas de la Práctica en Enfermería , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Práctica de Salud Pública , BrasilRESUMEN
O presente trabalho relata a utilização do Método Altadir de Planejamento Popular durante estágio curricular do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Maringá-PR, no levantamento e seleção de problemas e elaboração de estratégias para a sua resolução. Percebeu-se que os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, que trabalham no Programa de Saúde da Família sentiam dificuldades para identificar situações de risco e esclarecer as dúvidas da população durante as visitas domiciliares. Como conseqüência, o profissional não cumpria plenamente suas funções e a educação em saúde não atingia toda a comunidade. Na busca da resolução desse problema foram realizadas oficinas com temas previamente definidos em conjunto com os Agentes. Ao término dos encontros, observou-se maior segurança ao comunicarem-se com a população e aproveitamento das atribuições desses profissionais
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación en Salud , Enfermería en Salud Pública , Enfermería en Salud Pública/educación , Enfermería en Salud Pública/métodos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/tendencias , Promoción de la Salud , Personal de Salud , Salud de la Familia , Salud Pública/métodos , Salud Pública/tendenciasRESUMEN
Descreve e analisa o cotidiano de uma enfermeira de Saúde Pública, proporcionando a esta um momento de reflexão e autocrítica sobre sua prática diária em uma unidade periférica de saúde. A unidade em questão é o SSC-GHC, na UBB, situada na Vila Jardim, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo permite desvendar, registrar e tornar conhecido o cotidiano de trabalho de uma enfermeira de Saúde Pública, proporcionando ao sujeito destas atividades espaço para reflexão sobre sua prática de enfermagem. Apresenta tópicos da história da enfermagem de Saúde Pública e alguns conceitos sobre enfermagem de Saúde Pública e suas funções.