Celebrating 30 years of nursing at the University of Southampton.

This paper describes the evolution of undergraduate nurse education within the University of Southampton. It highlights the continuing responsiveness of the university to the rapidly changing policy initiatives and landscape of healthcare delivery with subsequent workforce needs.

[History and testimonies of visiting nurses (1905-1938)]. / Histoire et témoignages d'infirmières visiteuses (1905-1938).

Although short-lived, the history of visiting nurses is rich in political, social and health consequences it has generated. It involves the establishment of a new know-how in the first part of the twentieth century, mostly social, by the fact that the nurse comes out of the hospital to go and visit families in need. How this profession has been built and what is the impact of its social intervention on the population before the Second World War? Based on contemporary studies, institutional archives and biographical works, this study considers an immersion in the heart of the visiting nurse profession, through unwavering dedication, female emancipation and unexpected misery.

[Nurses, teachers and pioneers: the students and permanent teaching staff at the opening of International School of Nursing in Lyon in 1965]. / Infirmières, enseignantes et pionnières: le personnel infirmier dirigeant et enseignant permanent à l'ouverture de l'Ecole internationale d'enseignement infirmier supérieur à Lyon en 1965.

On the initiative of the World health organization, the international School of nursing university education opens in Lyon on September the 6th, 1965 and closes 30 years later. After having approached the national and international context of this creation, the study, based on archives and contemporary printed sources and various interviews of living witnesses, boarding and teaching, only-female staff present at the opening of the School, shows that it's all about pioneers and activists to the nursing cause, each of them doing it her own way. The background, the training, the personality, the educational choices and the publications of most of them give evidence of their will to contribute actively to the development and valuation of nursing as a discipline without naming it, by being inspired by foreign experiences well ahead of the french situation at the time. Good intentions to confront with the complex reality of the stakes and games of the numerous actors involved in those years realization.

Development of the School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Public Health at Siriraj, Thailand 1896-1971: a historical study.

This study examined the history and development of the first nursing school in Thailand. Data were collected using a historical methodology through a review of related literature, as well as interviews with senior nurses. All data were clustered and categorized by using content analysis and an historical lens. The results revealed that the School development was divided to three periods: the School development in 1896-1925 (the foundation of modern Thai nursing); 1926-1955 (the influence of American medical and nursing education); and 1956-1971 (the transfer of a hospital-based training to university-based nursing education). In the final period, there was recognition that was associated with the professionalization of nursing, as the School initiated a bachelor degree in nursing and became the Faculty of Nursing. Through this long development, the School has progressively assisted Thai nursing to become a strong profession with international standards and recognition. The results of this study add significantly to the history of nursing in Thailand, and help nurses internationally to appreciate the efforts that have continued to sustain their noble profession.

Colin Fraser Brockington (1903-2004) and the revolution in nurse-education.

Colin Fraser Brockington was Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Manchester from 1952 to 1965. During that time he developed the Diploma in Community Nursing, the first pre-registration training course for nurses at a British University. This paper traces Brockington's education and career and explores his commitment to university-based nursing education which appears to have stemmed from his desire to enhance and broaden the role of the health visitor. It also considers the implications of the innovative course at Manchester and evaluates the way in which it influenced the gradual movement of nursing education into the university sector throughout the UK.

[A major game in the re-organization of the Professional Nursing School]. / O jogo de forças na reorganização da Escola Profissional de Enfermeiros e Enfermeiras.

This is a historical-social description study supported on the thought of Pierre Bourdieu based on documental analysis. It describes the sanitarists and psychiatrists' actions from the reformulation of Education and Public Health Ministry into Education and Health Ministry in the beginning of New State and analyse the fight's strategies of the main agents to take advantage on their proposals of Professional Nursing School's reorganization. The fight's strategies that psychiatrists, sanitarists and certificated nurses had used to stake their projects, characterized a difficult battle inserted in a hard major game. The analyse of the ten course's months of the main document shows the conflict between those agents to impose a new rule to the school.

Centro Acadêmico da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto: 1953-1954 / Centro Académico de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto: 1953-1954 / Academic Center of the School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto: 1953-1954

Resumo Objetivo analisar o início do movimento estudantil da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, mediante a criação do Centro Acadêmico da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, órgão representativo do segmento estudantil, e as ações desenvolvidas durante a primeira gestão. Método estudo de perspectiva histórica, com abordagem na micro-história e análise documental para tratamento das fontes, e delimitação temporal de 1953 a 1954. Resultados constatou-se a criação em 17 de dezembro de 1953. No período investigado, a entidade promoveu atividades de lazer e esportivas, ações para recrutamento e melhor visibilidade da escola, comunicação com outros centros acadêmicos, gestão de finanças, e demonstrou preocupação com questões políticas, estudantis e sociais. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática a triangulação de fontes e literatura de aderência corroboram vários assuntos documentados nas atas da primeira gestão, e revelam parte da história do movimento estudantil de enfermagem, na década de 1950, e da própria Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el inicio del movimiento estudiantil en la EERP-USP, a través de la creación del CAEERP, órgano representativo del segmento estudiantil, y las acciones desarrolladas durante la primera dirección. Método estudio de perspectiva histórica, con enfoque de Micro-Historia y análisis documental para el tratamiento de las fuentes, con delimitación temporal de 1953 a 1954. Resultados se encontraron fuentes documentales en soporte papel y entrevistas realizadas a egresados ​​del curso. La creación del se constató el 17 de diciembre de 1953. Durante el período investigado, la entidad promovió actividades lúdicas y deportivas, acciones de captación y visibilidad de la escuela, comunicación con otros centros de estudiantes, gestión financiera y mostró preocupación por los intereses políticos, estudiantiles y cuestiones sociales. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica triangulación de fuentes y literatura corroboran varias cuestiones documentadas en las actas de la primera gestión y contribuyen a revelar parte de la historia del movimiento estudiantil de enfermería en la década de 1950 y de la propia Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto.

Abstract Objective to analyze the beginning of the student movement, through the creation of the Academic Center of the School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, a representative body of the student segment, and the actions developed during the first board. Method study from a historical perspective, with a Micro-History approach and documental analysis to treat the sources, with a temporal delimitation from 1953 to 1954. Results documentary sources were found in paper support and interviews carried out with graduates of the course. The creation was founded on December 17, 1953. During the period investigated, the entity promoted leisure and sports activities, actions to recruit and improve the school's visibility, communicated with other student organizations, financial management, and exposed concern for the political, student, and social issues. Final considerations and implications for practice triangulation of sources and literature corroborate several issues documented in the minutes of the first administration and contribute to revealing part of the history of the student movement in the 1950s and of Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing itself.

Dona Yvonne Lara e o compasso entre a arte e a ciência / Dona Yvonne Lara y la cadencia entre el arte y la ciencia / Dona Yvonne Lara and the rhythm between art and science

RESUMO Objetivo Resgatar e refletir sobre a história profissional da enfermeira Yvonne da Silva Lara, conhecida nacionalmente por seu nome artístico Dona Ivone Lara. Método Reflexão teórica realizada a partir de fontes documentais públicas disponíveis online como livros, Teses, Dissertações, artigos científicos, reportagens e documentários acerca da personagem e da psiquiatra Nise da Silveira. Resultados Pela apresentação de sua história de vida detalhou-se a escolha e formação como Enfermeira, e depois como Assistente Social, narrando sua atuação profissional e apontando sua importância nas profissões. Retrata o significado e a luta de uma mulher negra e pobre investindo em educação e formação profissional, destacando-se sua primazia pela oportunidade de estudos, aproveitando ao máximo as oportunidades a ela apresentadas, para estudar e trabalhar até se aposentar. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: Atuando profissionalmente em áreas do cuidado de enfermagem e posteriormente, do serviço social, manteve a musicalidade em sua vida, colaborando, inclusive, com seu uso como atividade terapêutica em psiquiatria. Este texto inédito acerca da história de Yvonne Lara, amplia a visibilidade sobre sua construção profissional em duas carreiras, e mobiliza os leitores para compreender a sua importância para a enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo Rescatar y reflexionar sobre la trayectoria profesional de la enfermera Yvonne da Silva Lara, conocida a nivel nacional por su nombre artístico Dona Ivone Lara. Metodología Se utilizaron fuentes documentales públicas disponibles online como libros, tesis, disertaciones, artículos científicos, reportajes y documentales con el personaje y la psiquiatra Nise da Silveira. Resultados: La presentación de su historia de vida detalla su elección y formación como Enfermera, y luego como Asistente Social y narra su desempeño profesional y el trabajo desarrollado. Retrata el significado y la lucha de una mujer negra pobre que invierte en educación y formación profesional y destaca su primacía por la oportunidad de estudiar, al aprovechar las oportunidades que se le presentan, para estudiar y trabajar hasta jubilarse. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica: Con actuación profesional en áreas asistenciales, mantuvo la musicalidad en su vida, colaborando, incluso, con su uso como actividad terapéutica en psiquiatría. Este texto inédito sobre la historia de Yvonne Lara amplía la visibilidad de su construcción profesional en dos carreras y moviliza a los lectores a comprender su importancia para la enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective To rescue and reflect on nurse Yvonne da Silva Lara's professional history, nationally known by her stage name: Dona Ivone Lara. Method Public documentary sources available online such as books, theses, dissertations, scientific articles, reports and documentaries with the character and with psychiatrist Nise da Silveira were used. Results The presentation of her life history detailed her choice and training as a Nurse, and later as a Social Worker, narrating her professional performance and work developed. It portrays the meaning and struggle of a poor black-skinned woman investing in education and professional training, highlighting her primacy for the opportunity to study, making the most of the opportunities presented to her, to study and work until retiring. Conclusion and implications for the practice Acting professionally in the areas of care, she maintained her musicality in her life, even collaborating with its use as a therapeutic activity in Psychiatry. This unprecedented text about Yvonne Lara's story expands the visibility of her professional construction in two careers and mobilizes the readers to understand her importance for Nursing.

[The University of São Paulo, School of Nursing's history of graduate program]. / História da pós-graduação na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo.

It reports the history of creation and development of the graduate program at this School, as well as participation the first group of advisers, since the creation of the masters' course in 1973. Research sources were documents and data registration at the Graduate Program's secretariat, publications, and also the living memory of some faculty members. Evolutions occurred with the creation of the doctoral program, the increasing of the study fields and its expansion to other institutions outside of the São Paulo State are presented as well as the identification of the nurse-pioneers doctors who they formed giving origin to the second generation of doctors in nursing, who in their turn formed other masters and doctors of the third generation, and so successively, conforming a true genealogical tree of masters and doctors

Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa: da criação à inauguração (1943-1945) / Aurora de Afonso Costa Nursing School: from its creation to its inauguration (1943-1945) / Escuela de Enfermería Aurora de Afonso Costa: desde la creación hasta la inauguración (1943-1945)

OBJETIVO: Analisar o processo de criação da Escola de Enfermagem do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EEERJ), atual Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa (EEAAC/UFF). MÉTODO: Estudo histórico de abordagem qualitativa. Fontes: relatórios, atas, legislações, notícias de jornais dos acervos da EEAAC/UFF, da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/UFRJ e da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Análise por triangulação das fontes. RESULTADOS: Criada em 19/04/1944 e inaugurada em 01/02/1945, foram estratégias de criação: escolha de Niterói; estruturação equivalente à Escola Oficial Padrão, nomeação de uma ex-aluna e ex-professora desta como diretora; autoridades nas cerimônias oficiais. DISCUSSÃO: A insuficiência de profissionais, a qualidade do ensino, a disciplina rigorosa e a influência política de Alzira Vargas concorreram para implantação em curtíssimo tempo e aproveitamento de ganhos simbólicos. CONCLUSÃO: Sua criação contribuiu ao reconhecimento profissional e social advindos da participação em um projeto que colaboraria para o desenvolvimento do país.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the creation process of the Rio de Janeiro State Nursing School (Escola de Enfermagem do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, EEERJ), currently the Aurora de Afonso Costa Nursing School (Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa, EEAAC/UFF). METHOD: A historical study with a qualitative approach. Sources: reports, minutes, legislation, news from newspapers of the collections of the EEAAC/UFF, of the Anna Nery Nursing School/UFRJ, and of the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Triangulation analysis of the sources. RESULTS: Created on 04/19/1944 and inaugurated on 02/01/1945, the creation strategies were the following: choosing the city of Niterói; structuring equivalent to the Official Standard School, appointment of a former student and former professor as principal; authorities at official ceremonies. DISCUSSION: The insufficiency of professionals; the quality of teaching; the strict discipline and political influence of Alzira Vargas contributed to the implementation in a very short time and to take advantage of symbolic gains. CONCLUSION: Its creation contributed to the professional and social recognition arising from the participation in a project that would collaborate for the development of the country.

OBJETIVO: Analizar el proceso de creación de la Escuela de Enfermería del Estado de Rio de Janeiro (EEERJ), actual Escuela de Enfermería Aurora de Afonso Costa (EEAAC/UFF). MÉTODO: Estudio histórico con enfoque cualitativo. Fuentes: informes, actas, legislación, noticias de periódicos de las colecciones de la EEAAC/UFF, la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery/UFRJ y la Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Análisis de triangulación de fuentes. RESULTADOS: Creada el 19/04/1944 e inaugurada el 01/02/1945, fueron estrategias de creación: elección de Niterói; estructuración equivalente a la Escuela Oficial Estándar (en portugués, Escola Oficial Padrão), nombramiento de una exalumna y exmaestra como directora; autoridades en ceremonias oficiales. DISCUSIÓN: La insuficiencia de profesionales; la calidad de la enseñanza; la disciplina estricta e influencia política de Alzira Vargas contribuyeron a la implementación en tiempo muy corto y al aprovechamiento de las ganancias simbólicas. CONCLUSIÓN: Su creación contribuyó al reconocimiento profesional y social derivado de la participación en un proyecto que colaboraría para el desarrollo del país.

Black nurses in the United States: 1879-1992.

In the fall of 1991, while attending the Annual Convention of the New York State Nurses Association, a group of students who had heard me speak at their school recognized me in the audience. One of them blurted out, "That's Dr. Carnegie, the first Black nurse!" I was flattered by the recognition, but not by the designation. True, I have been in this world a long time but not that long. If Mary Mahoney, America's first Black nurse, had been alive in 1991, she would have been nearly 150 years old. This article focuses on the progress made by Black nurses in the 114 years from the time Mary Mahoney graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts in 1879 to 1992 in the areas of education, employment, and organized nursing.

[Nursing training in Brazil in the 1970's]. / A formação de enfermeiros no Brasil na década de 70.

The objective of this study is to revisit the period of time between 1975 and 1979, and, within it, the history of the implantation of nursing graduation courses in federal universities and in geo-educational districts. It presents the development of a project called Projeto de Enfermagem no Grupo Setorial de Saúde--(Nursing Project in Health) SESU/DAU/MEC (ministry of culture and education), and points out the social and political determinants of the, so planned, qualitative and quantitative development of the courses mentioned before. The research clarifies the proposal, process and accomplishments of the Superior Nursing Project of Education, which was predominantly private until 1974 and became predominantly public from 1976 on. Furthermore, it also indicates implications such as: the Commission of Nursing Education Specialists (CEEEnfermagem), which was linked to ABEn and was the first collective proposal of Areas and Lines of Research in Nursing (CNPq/CAPES/DAU/ABEn); as well as the introduction of institutionalized study fields in the academic institutions.

[The life and work of Zaíra Cintra Vidal]. / A vida e a obra de Zaíra Cintra Vidal.

This is a social-historical study that aims at describing the trajectory of Zaíra Cintra Vidal, her participation in the Nursing School Rachel Haddock Lobo and in the Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEn). The study is based on the concepts of symbolic power, habitus and symbolic struggle of Pierre Bourdieu. The primary sources are documents which were collected in the Documentation Center of Escola de Enfermagem Ana Neri (EEAN--Ana Neri School of Nursing) in the Federeal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and at the Memory Center of the Faculty of Nursing (FENF) in the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). The data was collected between August 2000 and April 2001 by means of document analysis script. The outcomes showed that Zaíra Cintra Vidal was born on 5 May 1903; graduated from the Nursing School of the National Public Health Department in 1926; studied and post-graduated in the United States from 1927 until 1929 and returned to Brazil in 1943. Zaíra Cintra Vidal was the founder of the Nursing School Rachel Haddock Lobo and was its first director for nine years. She also and took part in ABEn's Direction Board and in the Revista Anais de Enfermagem (Nursing Magazine).

[Recount of the history of the Brazilian Nurses Association in Paraíba]. / Resgate histórico da Associção Brasileira de Enfermagem da Paraíba.

The purpose of the present study is to outline the trajectory of the Brazilian Association of Nursing(ABEn) in the federal state of Paraiba, from its foundation until the present days. Based on bibliographic review and on the analysis of meeting minute the investigation reports the historical antecedents and the foundation and development of the Nursing School of Paraíba and ABEn. It also points out the organizational structures and events, which were important landmarks in the history of this nursing association.

[Back to the future. Homage to the 25th year of nursing as part of the university]. / Volver al futuro. Un homenaje a los 25 años de enfermería en la universidad.

This is a magnificent article by one of the most qualified nursing authors in our country. In order to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the incorporation of Nursing in Spanish universities, this author reviews the role the magazine ROL has played in this field, the milestones which have brought about changes in our health system, the current situation of university degrees in Nursing, and the our integration into the European studies system. This author finishes with a hopeful and combative vision of the future which awaits us.

[Analysis on the employment of graduates of the Gregg-Turner Training School For Nurses].

There were 35 classes of graduation, altogether 281 graduates from the Gregg-Turner Training School For Nurses during the period 1906 to 1944. The number of graduates increased most rapidly under the influence of civil social, economical and international situation from 1924 to 1938. There were 161 graduates with explicit employment in all the 281 graduates. The majority of the graduates, amounting to 101, worked in Guangzhou, representing 62.7%; 87 graduating nurses, representing 54% of the employed ones, worked in privately-run medical building, private clinics, residential buildings, mansion, sanctum, rehabilitation unit, bureau of TCM, and hospital (lou, tang, guan, suo). Graduating nurses aggregated in coastal cities due to its earlier affection by western culture of science and technology, a large number of foreigners who lived, engaged in trade and missionized in open port, dealing with frequently political, economic and cultural exchanging, and thus demanding objectively more western nursing professionals.