Financial Transactions from Manufacturers to Otolaryngologists in 2018.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize in depth non-research and research payments from industry to otolaryngologists in 2018 with an emphasis on product types. METHODS: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments program was used for data collection: payment amount, the nature of payments, products associated with the payments, date of the payments, and companies making the payments were studied. Products associated with the payments were classified by categorical type. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were 70,172 payments for a total of $11,001,875 made to otolaryngologists in 2018 with a median payment of $19. Food and beverage had the highest number of payments made (89.96%). Consulting fees (33.46%) composed the highest total payment amount. The two companies that contributed the highest amount were Stryker Corporation and Intersect ENT Inc. Sinus conditions had the most products within the top 25 products associated with payments. The top five products with the highest payments received were for balloon sinus dilation, nasal spray, sinus implant, Botox, and cochlear implant. There was a bimodal payment distribution demonstrating a higher number of payments made in the spring and fall. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to review payments to otolaryngologists in 2018 and classify these payments into product types. The products and companies that contributed the highest payments were associated with sinus conditions. The products that dominated in each subspecialty of otolaryngology coincide with clinical practice trends and emerging technologies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E388-E394, 2021.

Determinants of safety outcomes and performance: A systematic literature review of research in four high-risk industries.

INTRODUCTION: In spite of increasing governmental and organizational efforts, organizations still struggle to improve the safety of their employees as evidenced by the yearly 2.3 million work-related deaths worldwide. Occupational safety research is scattered and inaccessible, especially for practitioners. Through systematically reviewing the safety literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of behavioral and circumstantial factors that endanger or support employee safety. METHOD: A broad search on occupational safety literature using four online bibliographical databases yielded 27.527 articles. Through a systematic reviewing process 176 online articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria (e.g., original peer-reviewed research; conducted in selected high-risk industries; published between 1980-2016). Variables and the nature of their interrelationships (i.e., positive, negative, or nonsignificant) were extracted, and then grouped and classified through a process of bottom-up coding. RESULTS: The results indicate that safety outcomes and performance prevail as dependent research areas, dependent on variables related to management & colleagues, work(place) characteristics & circumstances, employee demographics, climate & culture, and external factors. Consensus was found for five variables related to safety outcomes and seven variables related to performance, while there is debate about 31 other relationships. Last, 21 variables related to safety outcomes and performance appear understudied. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of safety research has focused on addressing negative safety outcomes and performance through variables related to others within the organization, the work(place) itself, employee demographics, and-to a lesser extent-climate & culture and external factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This systematic literature review provides both scientists and safety practitioners an overview of the (under)studied behavioral and circumstantial factors related to occupational safety behavior. Scientists could use this overview to study gaps, and validate or falsify relationships. Safety practitioners could use the insights to evaluate organizational safety policies, and to further development of safety interventions.

A test of safety, violence prevention, and civility climate domain-specific relationships with relevant workplace hazards.

BACKGROUND: Safety climate, violence prevention climate, and civility climate were independently developed and linked to domain-specific workplace hazards, although all three were designed to promote the physical and psychological safety of workers. PURPOSE: To test domain specificity between conceptually related workplace climates and relevant workplace hazards. METHODS: Data were collected from 368 persons employed in various industries and descriptive statistics were calculated for all study variables. Correlational and relative weights analyses were used to test for domain specificity. RESULTS: The three climate domains were similarly predictive of most workplace hazards, regardless of domain specificity. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that the three climate domains share a common higher order construct that may predict relevant workplace hazards better than any of the scales alone.

Occupational physician staffing in large US corporations.

Increased provision of occupational health services outside the workplace has been accompanied by signs of change in the quantity and structure of in-house corporate services. The occupational physician:employee ratios of the 25 largest US corporations were compared with each other, with the probable level of hazard as suggested by Bureau of Labor Statistics reports, and with both gross and per-capita measures of profitability. We infer that large corporations still employ a disproportionate share of available occupational health expertise. Oil and chemical companies employ the largest number of occupational physicians per capita; computer, electronics, and scientific equipment manufacturers employ the largest number of occupational physicians per capita relative to occupational illness/injury/lost workdays per capita. Tobacco companies employ the fewest occupational physicians by either measure. Corporate profitability explained more than half the variability for the one large within-sector comparison and appeared most related to employment practices for the most-successful and least-successful companies.

Industria manufacturera: producción, ocupación y salarios 1990-2001

Contiene las estadísticas del sector industrial según la encuesta de industria mensual

Industria manufacturera: producción, ocupación y salarios 1990-2001

Contiene las estadísticas del sector industrial según la encuesta de industria mensual