Nurse facilitated 5000 m running at Parkrun improves vulnerable adolescent health in a high deprivation area: A matched pair randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of weekly nurse facilitated 5000 m running at Parkrun on markers of health in vulnerable adolescents from a high deprivation area. DESIGN: A matched pair randomized control trial. SAMPLE: Twenty-five adolescents aged 13-18, 90% identifying as Maori/Pasifika ethnicity. INTERVENTION: The intervention (INT) group participated in 6-10 Parkruns within 10 weeks, and a control group (CON) participated in one Parkrun only. A nurse facilitated the intervention offering support and encouragement at each Parkrun. MEASUREMENTS: Pre- and post-intervention testing sessions for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat, and hand grip strength (STR) were conducted. RESULTS: Parkrun improved CRF (F = 5.308, p = 0.035) and 5000 m time (t = 2.850, p = 0.019) by 5.5 ± 4.9 min (11.2%). Parkrun conferred a large beneficial effect on CRF (η2 = 0.249) a moderate beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin levels (η2 = 0.119), and small beneficial effects upon SMM (η2 = 0.037) and body fat (η2 = 0.017). CONCLUSION: A weekly dose of nurse facilitated Parkrun can be recommended as a simple, accessible intervention that confers multiple beneficial effects on markers for health in adolescents from a high deprivation area.

The 'A' is the Weakest Link: What Local Health Departments are Doing to Improve Adolescent Health.

PURPOSE: Although adolescence is a critical developmental period, there has not been coordinated effort to comprehensively address adolescent health within the field of maternal and child health (MCH). In order to inform future adolescent health efforts, MCH leaders in local health departments were asked to reflect on the greatest health challenges facing adolescents in their communities, the causes of these health challenges, the interventions currently implemented to promote adolescent health, and additional intervention needs. DESCRIPTION: 15 interviews were conducted in 2018 with 13 city and county health departments and two community-based agencies (N = 19). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Mutually agreed upon themes were determined by the research team and these themes were used to code the transcripts. RESULTS: Mental and behavioral health and sexual and reproductive health issues were perceived to be the greatest health challenges facing adolescents. Participants attributed these health issues to the social determinants of health and adverse childhood experiences. Although all health departments offered sexual and reproductive health interventions, few implemented mental and behavioral health interventions. Insufficient funding and collaboration challenges were the major barriers impeding the implementation of additional coordinated adolescent health interventions. CONCLUSION: Coordinated funding and technical assistance will be needed to enable MCH professionals in local health to realize their potential to improve the health of adolescents. Specific observations and opportunities were addressed in efforts to create conversation that would lead to an improvement in adolescent health services within local health departments, as well as communities and the field of MCH.

Access to a school health nurse and adolescent health needs in the universal school health service in Finland.

Universal school health services are expected to offer similar, needs-based services to all students across schools, service providers and students' socio-economic statuses and health needs. This study investigates access to school health nurses in Finland. The objectives were to study the differences in access to school health nurse between service providers, schools, students' characteristics and school health nurse resources. Access was examined through a nationwide School Health Promotion study, which is a self-reporting, voluntary and anonymous survey for 8th and 9th graders (15 to 16-year old, N = 71865). The ethical committee of the National Institute for Health and Welfare has approved procedure for the School Health Promotion study. Data on school health nurse resources and service providers were obtained from the national database (534 schools; 144 service providers). Multilevel logistic regression was used. Of the pupils, 15% of girls and 11% of boys reported difficult access to a school health nurse. The number of adolescents who reported difficult access ranged between service providers (0%-41%) and schools (0%-75%). Students with lower socio-economic background, poorer well-being at school, lack of support for studying and greater health needs reported difficult access more often. School health nurse resources were associated with difficult access only among boys, when resources were under the national recommendations. These findings raise concern about equality and unmet health needs in school health services.

A global perspective: training opportunities in Adolescent Medicine for healthcare professionals.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review briefly describes the current state of adolescent health globally, and highlights current educational and training opportunities in Adolescent Medicine for healthcare providers worldwide. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite a growing body of literature demonstrating a shift toward recognizing Adolescent Medicine as a subspecialty, there are very few countries that offer nationally recognized Adolescent Medicine training programs. In recent years, several countries have begun to offer educational programming, such as noncredentialed short training programs, conferences, and online courses. Challenges, including cultural barriers, financing, and lack of governmental recognition and support, have hindered progress in the development of accredited training programs globally. SUMMARY: It is crucial to support efforts for sustainable training programs, especially within low and middle-income countries where a majority of the world's adolescent population lives. Sharing knowledge of existing curriculums, programs, and systems will increase opportunities globally to build regional capacity, increase access to interdisciplinary services, and to implement health-promoting policies for youth worldwide.

Health policy and systems research capacity development to support maternal, new-born, child and adolescent health in West and Central Africa.

Objectives: To examine how and why a South-South capacity development and networking program for leadership, research, practice and advocacy on maternal new-born, child and adolescent health and health policy and systems strengthening in West Africa and Cameroon worked and identify lessons for low- and middle-income countries. Design: Single qualitative case study drawing on data from document review, observations, key informant interviews and a deliberative workshop. Ethics approval for primary data collection was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC 012/10/18). Setting: West Africa and Cameroon. Participants: Researchers, policy and programme managers and frontline health workers. Interventions: Networking and capacity development. Results: The programme made good progress in implementing many but not all planned capacity development and networking activities. The opportunity to network with other organisations and individuals and across countries, disciplines, and languages as well as to learn, to develop skills, and obtain mentorship support, were considered valuable benefits of the partnership. Human and financial resource constraints meant that not all planned interventions could be implemented. Conclusions: Lessons for health policy and systems research capacity building in LMIC include the potential of South-South partnerships, the need for dedicated resources, the potential of Sub-regional health organizations to support capacity building and recognition that each effort builds on preceding efforts of others, and that it is important to explore and understand where the energy and momentum for change lies. Funding: The work described here has been funded by IDRC Canada under research grant # 108237 "West and Central African partnership for maternal, new-born, child and adolescent health research."

Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services.

BACKGROUND: Despite recognition of the important role of health workers in providing adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (AFSRHS), evidence on strategies for improving performance is limited. This review sought to address: (1) which interventions are used to improve health worker performance in delivering AFSRHS? and (2) how effective are these interventions in improving AFSRHS health worker performance and client outcomes? METHODS: Building on a 2015 review, a search for literature on 18 previously identified programs was conducted to identify updated literature and data relevant to this review. Data was systematically extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Due to the parent review's eligibility criteria, all programs included health worker training. Otherwise, supervision was the most frequently reported intervention used (n=10). Components and methods related to quality of trainings and supervision varied considerably in program reports. Nearly half of programs described employing processes to ensure availability of basic medicines and supplies (n=7). Other interventions (policies, standards, and job descriptions [n=5]; refresher trainings [n=5]; job aids or other reference material [n=3]) were less commonly reported to have been employed. No discernible patterns emerged in the relationship between interventions and outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-faceted complementary strategies are recommended to improve health worker performance to deliver AFSRHS; however, this was uncommonly reported in the programs that we reviewed. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions and intervention packages are needed to guide efficient use of limited resources to enhance health worker capacity to deliver AFSRHS. In the interim, programs should be developed and implemented based on available existing evidence on improving health worker performance within and outside adolescent health. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION: This review is the first to examine the interventions commonly used to improve health worker performance in delivering AFSRHS. The findings indicate a need for additional effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluations of such interventions. In the meantime, existing evidence on improving health worker performance within and outside adolescent health must be integrated more thoughtfully into program planning and implementation.

Self-assessed health associated with lifestyles in young adults:National survey - Young Lives - Perú / Salud autoevaluada asociado a estilos de vida en adultos jóvenes: Encuesta nacional - Young Lives – Perú

Introducción: La salud es un estado de bienestar físico, mental y social. La autopercepción en salud es un indicador relacionado a la morbilidad y mortalidad, esta percepción estaría influenciada en cada una de las personas por diversos factores, tales como culturales, psicológicos, sociales y otros. Día a día los jóvenes están expuestos a modificar sus estilos de vida de manera positiva o negativa. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre los estilos de vida y la autoevaluación en salud en adultos entre 18 y 23 años de Perú.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en una base de datos secundaria-“Young Lives” Ronda 5 - Perú. 595 adultos jóvenes entre 18 y 23 años formaron parte de nuestra muestra. Para estilos de vida se utilizaron los indicadores: actividad física, horas de sueño, consumo de alcohol, consumo de tabaco, estos fueron asociados a la variable salud autoevaluada.Resultados: Se observó que el 24.37% de la muestra autoevaluó su salud como buena, siendo esta evaluación más frecuente en los varones (OR=2.00, IC: 1.35-2.94). Los factores relacionados con una buena autoevaluación en salud fueron la actividad física (OR=1.50 IC:1.02 - 2.23), dormir de 7 a 8 horas (OR=1.69 IC: 1.01-2.81) y fumar a veces (OR=2.02 IC:1.002-4.11).Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre la autoevaluación en salud buena y el realizar actividad física, dormir entre 7 a 8 horas y fumar raramente.(AU)

Introduction: Self-perception of health serves as an im-portant marker for both morbidity and mortality, and it is sub-ject to various influences, including cultural, psychological,and social factors. In their daily lives, young individuals areconstantly exposed to opportunities for altering their lifestyleseither positively or negatively. Therefore, the primary aim ofthis study is to examine the association between lifestyles andself-assessment of health among Peruvian adults aged 18 to23 years.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conductedutilizing a secondary database, specifically the “Young Lives”Round 5 dataset for Peru. Our sample consisted of 595 youngadults aged between 18 and 23 years. To assess theirlifestyles, we utilized indicators such as physical activity, hoursof sleep, alcohol consumption, and tobacco consumption.These lifestyle factors were then associated with the variableof “self-assessed health”. Additionally, we analyzed other vari-ables, including the sociodemographic characteristics of theevaluated population.Results: We found that 24.37% of the sample rated theirhealth as good. Several factors were identified as being asso-ciated with a positive self-assessment of health. These factorsincluded being male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidenceinterval [CI]: 1.35-2.94), engaging in regular physical activity(OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.23), sleeping for 7 to 8 hours (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01-2.81), and occasionally smoking(OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.002-4.11).Conclusions: Engaging in physical activity, getting 7 to8 hours of sleep, and occasional smoking have been foundto be associated with a positive self-assessment of health.(AU)

El papel de los profesionales de enfermería en el desarrollo y atención de la salud adolescente en Honduras / The role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras / Papel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Identificar y analizar el papel de los profesionales de enfermería en el desarrollo y la atención de la salud adolescente en Honduras, por medio del análisis de los contenidos de la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería y de las políticas relacionadas con la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos, con enfoque explicativo secuencial, desarrollado de mayo a julio del 2023 por medio de encuesta con escuelas de enfermería, análisis de los documentos políticos, encuesta con profesionales de enfermería y grupo focal. Datos cuantitativos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y datos cualitativos analizados mediante el marco teórico de Walt y Gilson. Resultados. Durante la investigación, se analizaron 18 documentos y participaron siete escuelas de enfer- mería, 141 enfermeras y 10 actores clave en posición de liderazgo. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de actualizar y difundir el marco normativo, garantizar recursos y estructura para implementar programas intersectoriales y sostenibles, y capacitar a los profesionales. La escuela representa un espacio importante para la implementación de acciones, contexto en el que la adopción de la enfermera escolar puede ser pro- vechosa. Las enfermeras fueron identificadas como protagonistas en la aplicación de los programas y deben ser consideradas en el desarrollo de políticas dirigidas a este público. Conclusiones. Las enfermeras participan en diversas etapas del proceso de implementación de políticas y pueden hacer importantes contribuciones a la salud escolar en el primer nivel de salud. Para ello, es necesa- rio aumentar la capacidad de las enfermeras y docentes de enfermería en temas actuales y relevantes en la atención a los adolescentes.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Identify and analyze the role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras, by analyzing the curricular content of the training provided to nursing students with res- pect to adolescent health, and by studying policies on adolescent health. Methods. Mixed methods study, with a sequential explanatory approach, carried out from May to July 2023 through surveys of nursing schools, analysis of policy documents, a survey with nursing professionals, and a focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data, applying the theoretical framework of Walt and Gilson. Results. During the research, 18 documents were analyzed and seven nursing schools, 141 nurses, and 10 key actors in leadership positions participated. The results point to the need to update and disseminate the regulatory framework, ensure the necessary resources and structure to implement sustainable intersectoral programs, and train professionals. Schools are an important space for the implementation of actions; in this context, the adoption of school nursing programs could be beneficial. Nurses were identified as key figu- res in program implementation and should be taken into consideration when developing policies aimed at adolescents. Conclusions. Nurses participate in various stages of the policy implementation process and can make impor- tant contributions to school health at the first level of care. To this end, it is necessary to increase the capacities of nurses and nursing educators in relation to current and relevant issues in adolescent care.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar e analisar o papel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras por meio de análise do conteúdo da formação dos estudantes de enfermagem em saúde de adolescentes e das políticas relacionadas aos adolescentes. Métodos. Estudo de métodos mistos, com abordagem sequencial explanatória, realizado de maio a julho de 2023 por meio de um questionário aplicado a escolas de enfermagem, análise de documentos de política, um questionário aplicado a profissionais de enfermagem e um grupo focal. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados mediante estatísticas descritivas, e os qualitativos, usando o modelo teórico de Walt e Gilson. Resultados. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados 18 documentos. Sete escolas de enfermagem, 141 pro- fissionais de enfermagem e 10 atores-chave em cargos de liderança participaram do estudo. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de atualizar e divulgar o marco normativo, garantir recursos e estrutura para a implementação de programas intersetoriais e sustentáveis e capacitar os profissionais. A escola representa um espaço importante para a implementação de ações, contexto no qual a adoção da enfermagem escolar pode ser proveitosa. Os profissionais de enfermagem foram identificados como atores-chave na implemen- tação dos programas e devem ser levados em consideração no desenvolvimento de políticas voltadas para esse público. Conclusões. Os profissionais de enfermagem estão envolvidos em vários estágios do processo de imple- mentação de políticas e podem fazer aportes importantes para a saúde escolar no nível da atenção primária. Para isso, é necessário aumentar a capacitação dos profissionais e docentes de enfermagem em tópicos atuais e relevantes da atenção a adolescentes.

Violência contra adolescentes: caracterização das notificações realizadas por profissionais da saúde / Violence against adolescents: characterization of notifications carried out by health professionals / Violencia contra adolescentes: caracterización de notificaciones realizadas por profesionales de la salud

Por meio da presente pesquisa, se intenta caracterizar as situações de violência contra adolescentes notificadas por profissionais da saúde por meio da Ficha Individual do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (FINSINAN) no Rio Grande do Sul entre 2009 e 2017. Objetiva-se, também, avaliar diferenças em relação às vítimas, aos agressores e aos contextos de violência. Para tanto, foram analisadas 23.536 notificações de violência. Os dados foram coletados por meio da FINSINAN, posteriormente disponibilizados pelo Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS). Com isso, verificou-se que a maioria das situações de violência foi perpetrada contra adolescentes do sexo feminino (66,8%), na residência da vítima (58,9%) e por agressores do sexo masculino (61,7%). A violência física foi a mais notificada (57,5%) e a maior parte dos encaminhamentos foi realizada para o Conselho Tutelar (54,3%). Portanto, os dados apontaram para a gravidade da violência e para a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais da saúde

Through this research, we aim to characterize situations of violence against adolescents reported by healthcare professionals using the Individual Report Form of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (FINSINAN) in Rio Grande do Sul between 2009 and 2017. Additionally, we intend to assess differences in relation to the victims, perpetrators, and the contexts of violence. To this end, we analyzed 23,536 reports of violence. The data were collected through FINSINAN and subsequently made available by the State Center for Health Surveillance (CEVS). As a result, it was found that most violent incidents were perpetrated against female adolescents (66.8%) in the victim's residence (58.9%) and by male perpetrators (61.7%). Physical violence was the most reported form (57.5%), and the majority of referrals were made to the Child Protective Services (54.3%). Therefore, the data highlight the severity of the violence and the need to train healthcare professionals

A través de esta investigación, buscamos caracterizar las situaciones de violencia contra adolescentes notificadas por profesionales de la salud mediante el Formulario Individual del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (FINSINAN) en Rio Grande do Sul entre 2009 y 2017. Además, pretendemos evaluar las diferencias con respecto a las víctimas, agresores y los contextos de la violencia. Para ello, analizamos 23,536 informes de violencia. Los datos se recopilaron a través de FINSINAN y posteriormente fueron facilitados por el Centro Estatal de Vigilancia en Salud (CEVS). Como resultado, se encontró que la mayoría de los incidentes violentos fueron perpetrados contra adolescentes de sexo femenino (66.8%) en la residencia de la víctima (58.9%) y por agresores de sexo masculino (61.7%). La violencia física fue la forma más comúnmente notificada (57.5%), y la mayoría de las remisiones se hicieron al Consejo Tutelar (54.3%). Por lo tanto, los datos resaltan la gravedad de la violencia y la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud

Cuidados de enfermagem a crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde / Cuidados de enfermería a niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de salud / Nursing care for children and adolescents with special health needs

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as demandas de cuidados, na ótica da equipe de enfermagem, a crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde (CRIANES) hospitalizadas. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 11 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Unidade de internação pediátrica de um hospital da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, nos meses de novembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. As enunciações foram duplamente transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os profissionais elucidaram sobre a presença de familiares cuidadores durante a hospitalização em unidade pediátrica. A equipe manifestou a importância do conhecimento técnico-científico, bem como as potencialidades e fragilidades no processo de trabalho com essa população específica. Considerações finais: A assistência do cuidado de enfermagem com CRIANES exige habilidades técnico-científicas, assim como a criação do vínculo equipe-paciente-família. Desse modo, enfatiza-se a necessidade da educação continuada dos profissionais, para fornecer assistência humanizada e resolutiva, diminuindo os índices de reinternações.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar las demandas de atención, en la óptica del equipo de enfermería, a niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de salud (NINEAS) hospitalizadas. Método: investigación descriptiva, exploratoria y de abordaje cualitativo. Fueron entrevistados 11 profesionales de enfermería que actúan en Unidad de internación pediátrica de un hospital de la región noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil, en los meses de noviembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Los relatos fueron doblemente transcriptos y sometidos al análisis de contenido. Resultados: los profesionales aclararon sobre la presencia de familiares cuidadores durante la hospitalización en unidad pediátrica. El equipo relató la importancia del conocimiento técnico-científico, así como las potencialidades y fragilidades en el proceso de trabajo con esa población específica. Consideraciones finales: la asistencia del cuidado de enfermería a NINEAS exige habilidades técnico-científicas, así como la creación del vínculo equipo-paciente-familia. De ese modo, se enfatiza la necesidad de la educación continuada de los profesionales, para proporcionar asistencia humanizada y resolutiva, disminuyendo los índices de reinternaciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate care demands of children and adolescents with special health care needs (CSHCN) hospitalized from the perspective of the nursing team. Method: descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research. Eleven 11 nursing professionals were interviewed, who work in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a hospital in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, from November 2019 to February 2020. The statements were double transcribed and submitted to content analysis. Results: the professionals elucidated about the presence of family caregivers during hospitalization in the pediatric unit. The team expressed the importance of technical and scientific knowledge, as well as the potential and weaknesses in the work process with this specific population. Final thoughts: Nursing care with CRIANES requires technical and scientific skills, as well as the creation of the team-patient-family bond. Thus, it emphasizes the need for continuing education of professionals, to provide humanized and problem-solving assistance, reducing the rates of readmissions.

Conceitos e temas relacionados à saúde do adolescente na formação em enfermagem / Concepts and issues related to adolescent health in nursing education / Conceptos y temas relacionados a la salud de los adolescentes en la formación en enfermería

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a estrutura dos programas de ensino e os conteúdos do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, realizado na Colômbia, Equador e Peru. Aplicou-se o Instrumento de (auto)avaliação do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na graduação de profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados: 95 Escolas de Enfermagem participaram (84,1% do total). Dos professores responsáveis pelo ensino da saúde dos adolescentes, 31,6% não tinham formação específica na matéria e 18,9% não tinham formação no campo da educação/pedagogia. Estes são os principais tópicos que poderiam ser incorporados à formação: comportamento, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, bullying e cyberbullying, uso de tecnologias digitais, violência entre parceiros, paternidade adolescente e puberdade tardia. Conclusão: os professores têm formação limitada em questões pedagógicas/educacionais e em temas específicos da saúde dos adolescentes. O currículo precisa ser atualizado com conteúdos relacionados a saúde e desenvolvimento dos adolescentes; deve-se incluir conhecimento de leis e políticas e expandir a capacidade dos profissionais de enfermagem para que possam gerar, analisar e utilizar dados para a tomada de decisões.

Abstract Objective: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. Method: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. Conclusion: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la estructura de los programas de enseñanza y los contenidos del componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Se aplicó el Instrumento para (auto)evaluar el componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de pregrado de los proveedores de salud. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: participaron 95 escuelas (84,1% del total). De los docentes encargados de la enseñanza de la salud de los adolescentes, el 31,6% no tenía formación específica en la materia y el 18,9% no tenía formación en el ámbito de la educación/pedagogía. Los principales temas que podrían incorporarse a la formación son: comportamiento, identidad de género y orientación sexual, bullying y cyberbullying, uso de las tecnologías digitales, violencia en el noviazgo, paternidad y retraso puberal. Conclusión: el profesorado tiene una formación limitada en temas pedagógicos/educativos y en temas específicos de la salud del adolescente. El plan de estudios debe actualizarse con contenidos del desarrollo y salud del adolescente, incluir conocimientos sobre las leyes y políticas, y ampliar la capacidad de las enfermeras para generar, analizar y utilizar datos para la toma de decisiones.

The status of adolescent medicine: building a global adolescent workforce.

Remarkable public health achievements to reduce infant and child mortality as well as improve the health and well-being of children worldwide have successfully resulted in increased survival and a growing population of young people aged 10-24 years. Population trends indicate that the current generation of 1.8 billion young people is the largest in history. However, there is a scarcity of dedicated resources available to effectively meet the health needs of adolescents and young adults worldwide. Growing recognition of the pivotal roles young people play in the cultures, societies, and countries in which they live has spurred an expanding global movement to address the needs of this special population. Building an effective global workforce of highly-skilled adolescent health professionals who understand the unique biological, psychological, behavioral, social, and environmental factors that affect the health of adolescents is a critical step in addressing the health needs of the growing cohort of young people. In this review, we aim to: 1) define a global assessment of the health needs for adolescents around the world; 2) describe examples of current training programs and requirements in adolescent medicine; 3) identify existing gaps and barriers to develop an effective adolescent health workforce; and 4) develop a call for targeted actions to build capacity of the adolescent health workforce, broaden culturally relevant research and evidence-based intervention strategies, and reinforce existing interdisciplinary global networks of youth advocates and adolescent health professionals to maximize the opportunities for training, research, and care delivery.

Adolescent health in South America.

Since the 1950s, a significant amount of work has been done on behalf of the comprehensive health of young people in South America. This article focuses on the regional process of training health professionals to work with this age group. There are countries in which the growth of adolescent health training has been significant, others that have made progress but still have a narrower offer of teaching activities, and a few where only very basic and limited training is available. Latin American professional associations, scientific societies, and international organizations have also contributed to the education of the adolescent health work force. Although the training in the region has advanced in some countries to the point that there is specialization in adolescent medicine, much remains to be done. Certain regional conditions have contributed to the education of providers in adolescent care. The most important has been the existence of professionals who have been highly motivated to improve the health of young people. They have worked very hard and with great commitment to achieve this goal. There have also been important obstacles to educating professionals in adolescent care. Aside from the usual lack of funding, barriers have existed in the health care system and its providers, as well as the training entities and because of certain South American conditions. Finally, this article describes the regional adolescent medicine programs and the status of recognition of this specialty, and addresses the opportunities and challenges for adolescent health training.

The role of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine in training of health professionals.

The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) was created by health professionals committed to identifying and better addressing the health needs of adolescents and young adults, and this work has continued for nearly 50 years. The society initially focused primarily on clinical education, but has evolved to include educational activities providing clinical, research, policy, advocacy, and professional development content. Strategies have included high-quality annual meetings designed to meet the educational needs of its multi-disciplinary membership, publishing an internationally recognized journal, and developing strategic collaborations to advocate for legitimacy of the field and reform in health profession education. Historically, SAHM has been most successful at increasing specialized training in the United States among physicians, and primarily pediatricians, likely driven by the nuances of the development of adolescent medicine in this country. Successes are often linked to strategic collaborations with other professional organizations, and have been facilitated by federally funded initiatives to improve adolescent and young adult health. Recent efforts to improve professional training are focused on the use of technology, and SAHM is also currently exploring strategies to directly reach adolescents, young adults, and their parents. As the society becomes increasingly multidisciplinary and international, members have extraordinary opportunities to learn from each other, build upon lessons learned, and collaborate. Descriptions of the history of SAHM's training-focused efforts, selected highlights, and current priorities will be used to illustrate this long-standing commitment to the training of health professionals.

Educação em saúde para a criança/jovem/família: necessidades formativas dos enfermeiros / Educación en salud para los niños/jóvenes/familia: necesidades formativas de las enfermeras / Health education for the child/adolescent/family: nurses training needs

Objetivo: identificar necessidades de formação dos enfermeiros em Educação em Saúde para a criança/jovem/família. Método: pesquisa quantitativa aplicada a uma amostra de 311 enfermeiros que realizavam Educação em Saúde para a criança/jovem/família em dois centros hospitalares e dois agrupamentos de atenção primária da província de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro no segundo semestre de 2018. Resultados: entre os inquiridos, 84,9% (n=264) não seguia nenhum modelo/teoria de Educação em Saúde; 66,2% (n=206) não frequentou nenhuma formação no âmbito da Educação em Saúde nos últimos cinco anos; 98,7% (n=307) considerou que a formação em Educação em Saúde é importante para o seu desenvolvimento profissional; e 93,6% (n=291) referiu necessidade de formação específica no âmbito da Educação em Saúde, nomeadamente em "técnicas de comunicação" (50,5%; n=157) e "estratégias técnico-pedagógicas" (50,5%; n=157). Conclusão: os enfermeiros sentiam necessidade de formação em modelos/teorias, técnicas de comunicação e estratégias técnico-pedagógicas de intervenção na Educação em Saúde.

Objetivo: identificar las necesidades formativas de las enfermeras en la Educación en Salud de los niños/jóvenes/familia. Método: estudio cuantitativo aplicado a una muestra de 311 enfermeras que realizan en la Educación en Salud de los niños/jóvenes/familia en dos centros hospitalarios y dos grupos de atención primaria en la provincia de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, en el segundo semestre de 2018. Resultados: entre los encuestados, el 84,9% (n=264) no sigue ninguna teoría/modelo de Educación en Salud; el 66,2% (n=206) no realizó ninguna formación en el contexto de la Educación en Salud en los últimos cinco años; el 98,7% (n=307) considera que la formación en Educación en Salud es importante para su desarrollo profesional; y el 93,6% (n=291), destacó la necesidad de formación específica en el campo de la Educación en Salud, especialmente en "técnicas de comunicación" (50,5%; n=157) y "estrategias técnico-pedagógicas" (50,5%; n=157). Conclusión: Las enfermeras consideraron la necesidad de formación en teorías y modelos, técnicas de comunicación y estrategias técnico-pedagógica de intervención en Educación en Salud.

Objetivo: to identify nurses' training needs in Health Education for the child/adolescent/family. Method: quantitative survey applied to a sample of 311 nurses who performed Health Education for the child/adolescent/family in two hospital centers and two primary care groupings in the province of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro in the second half of 2018. Results: among the respondents, 84.9% (n=264) did not follow any model/theory of health education; 66.2% (n=206) did not attend any training in the context of Health Education in the past five years; 98.7% (n=307) considered that the training in Health Education is important for their professional development; and 93.6% (n=291) reported the need for specific training in the field of Health Education, particularly in "communication techniques" (50.5%; n=157) and "technical-pedagogical strategies" (50.5%; n=157). Conclusion: the nurses felt the need for training in models/theories, communication techniques and technical-pedagogical strategies of intervention in Health Education.

Autoavaliação de médicos sobre sua formação em Medicina do Adolescente / Physicians' self-assessment on their training in Adolescent Medicine

OBJETIVOS: Caraterizar como os especialistas e residentes de Pediatria e de Medicina Geral e Familiar consideram que abordam os adolescentes, identificar as suas habilitações em Medicina do Adolescente, averiguar que tópicos dessa área os médicos gostariam de ver abordados em futuros treinamentos e comparar as percepções dos médicos das duas especialidades em relação à sua experiência na prática em saúde do adolescente. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em inquérito enviado via correio eletrônico a 241 médicos da área de influência de um hospital de nível II, tendo-se incluído especialistas e residentes de Pediatria e de Medicina Geral e Familiar de centros de saúde do concelho de Viseu, Portugal. Utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado ou teste Exacto de Fisher para testar associações entre variáveis, assumindo-se significado estatístico quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Um total de 113 médicos completou o inquérito, sendo 74% do gênero feminino, com uma mediana de anos de prática de 12 anos (intervalo interquartil 5-30, mínimo 2 anos, máximo 38 anos). O grupo de Pediatria tinha mais formação em Medicina do Adolescente (57%) do que o grupo de Medicina Geral e Familiar (25%) (p=0,007). Mais médicos com formação específica em Medicina do Adolescente consideravam-se preparados para a entrevista ao adolescente (51%, vs. 28% dos que não tinham formação específica, p=0,03). Os médicos Gerais e de Família orientavam mais os adolescentes sobre consumo de substâncias, contracepção e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, enquanto os médicos de Pediatria identificavam mais adolescentes com depressão. A maioria dos médicos avaliou-se como tendo conhecimentos insuficientes em Medicina do Adolescente, sendo o treino insuficiente a barreira mais frequentemente referida. Cinquenta e sete por cento dos médicos de Pediatria, 78% dos médicos Gerais e de Família e 84% dos que não tinham formação específica em Medicina do Adolescente, considerando as duas especialidades, gostariam de aprofundar os seus conhecimentos nessa área. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo permitiu identificar que áreas de conhecimento sobre Medicina do Adolescente estão deficitárias na formação dos pediatras e dos médicos gerais e de família. A maioria dos médicos, principalmente os que não tiveram formação em Medicina do Adolescente, mostraram-se interessados em preencher essa lacuna.

AIMS: To characterize the way in which General and Family physicians and Pediatricians consider approaching adolescents, identify their qualifications in Adolescent Medicine, ascertain which topics of this specialty these physicians would like to see addressed in future training, and to compare the perceptions of physicians of both specialties with respect to their experience in adolescent health practice. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a survey sent by e-mail to 241 physicians in the area of influence of a level II hospital, including specific training interns or experts in Pediatrics and General and Family Medicine from health centers of the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test were used to test associations between variables, assuming statistical significance when p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 113 physicians completed the survey, of them 74% female, with a median of 12 years of practice (interquartile range 5-30, minimum 2 years, maximum 38 years). The Pediatrics group had more training in Adolescent Medicine (57%) than the General and Family Medicine group (25%) (p=0.007). More physicians with specific training in Adolescent Medicine considered themselves prepared for the adolescent interview (51%, vs. 28% of those who did not have specific training, p=0.03). Family and General practitioners guided adolescents more about substance use, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases, while Pediatrics doctors identified more adolescents with depression. Most physicians rated themselves as having insufficient knowledge in Adolescent Medicine, with insufficient training being the most frequently referred barrier. Fifty-seven percent of Pediatrics doctors, 78% of General practitioners and 84% of those with no specific training in Adolescent Medicine, considering the two specialties, would like to deepen their knowledge in this area. CONCLUSIONS: This study allowed identifying which areas of knowledge on Adolescent Medicine are deficient in the training of Pediatricians and General practitioners. Most physicians, especially those with no training in Adolescent Medicine, showed interest in filling this gap.

Conocimiento sobre servicios de salud amigables para adolescentes y jóvenes estudiantes de enfermería / Knowledge about friendly health services for adolescents and young people in nursing students

RESUMEN Introducción: En Colombia, desde el año 2007 se viene trabajando en el modelo de Servicios de Salud Amigables para Adolescentes y Jóvenes (SSAAJ), como consecuencia de las recomendaciones internacionales dadas al Ministerio de Salud para replantear la programación de actividades con la intención de incluir a los adolescentes y jóvenes como sujetos de atención en el sistema de salud y, de igual manera, garantizar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de esta población. Objetivos: Describir el conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de los Llanos, sobre la estrategia denominada Servicios Amigables en Salud para Adolescentes y Jóvenes, durante el año 2016. Método: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo, con una muestra de veinticuatro estudiantes de enfermería de séptimo y octavo semestre, determinada por muestreo intencional basado en opiniones. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual fue grabada, transcrita y validada. Las conclusiones se basaron en el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Los datos se agruparon en tres subcategorías: conceptos referentes a la adolescencia y juventud, el rol del profesional de enfermería, y el componente de Servicios Amigables de Salud para Adolescentes y Jóvenes. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de enfermería reconocen el concepto de adolescencia y juventud desde varias disciplinas, desconocen la estrategia de SSAAJ, y se observa dificultad para aplicar la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad desde la perspectiva del modelo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Colombia, since 2007 there has been a continuous work on the Friendly Health Services for Adolescents and Young Adults model, as a result of the international recommendations given to the Ministry of health to rethink the programming of activities for including adolescents and young adults as subjects of the system of health care services, and to guarantee their sexual and reproductive rights. Objectives: To describe the knowledge that nursing students from the Universidad de los Llanos have about the strategy called Friendly Health Services for Adolescents and Young Adults, in the year 2016. Method: Qualitative study, exploratory and descriptive, with a sample of twenty-four nursing students in seventh and eighth semester, determined by intentional sampling based on opinions. A semi-structured interview was implemented, recording, transcribing and validating it. Conclusions were driven from the analysis of the content. Results: Data was grouped into three subcategories: concepts relating to adolescence and youth, the role of professional nursing, and the component of Friendly Health Services for Adolescents and Young Adults. Conclusions: Nursing students recognize the concept of adolescence and youth from the perspective of various disciplines, but are unaware of the Friendly Health Services Strategy for Adolescents and Young adults. They showed difficulty to apply the promotion of health and prevention of disease from the perspective of the model.