RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS have increased and placed a special focus on health care professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human hardship and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. METHODS: This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A total of 6 databases were searched to identify relevant studies: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE or PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was consulted on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Additionally, the reference lists were searched to retrieve studies not previously selected. The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien: identification of research questions, identification of potential studies, study selection, data extraction and imputation, data analyses and interpretation, and consultation with stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. RESULTS: A total of 55 articles were identified after screening for eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 in 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. A total of 22 versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cutoff points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation for those interested in BS. CONCLUSIONS: Studies mostly included physicians (34/55, 61.8%) and nurses (24/55, 43.6%), and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to the advancement of research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, health care services, and the quality of care provided to the population.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is a chronic response to stressors in the workplace. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion and physical and mental burnout and may lead to high employee turnover, work absenteeism, and increased occupational accidents. Most studies use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify burnout and implement preventive actions and treatments. OBJECTIVE: This study presents a scoping review protocol to identify and map studies that used MBI to assess burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services. METHODS: This scoping review protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers' manual, and this protocol consists of 6 stages: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, data extraction and coding, analysis and interpretation of results, and consultation with stakeholders. We will conduct searches in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and gray literature. The main research question is as follows: how is MBI used to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services? Inclusion criteria will comprise qualitative and quantitative studies using MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and no restrictions in language and publication dates. Data will be extracted using a spreadsheet adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute model. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. The consultation with stakeholders will be essential for increasing the knowledge about MBI, identifying new evidence, and developing future strategies to guide public policies preventing burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public services. RESULTS: This protocol will guide a scoping review to identify and map studies that used MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services. The results of this review may be useful to public health care professionals, managers, policymakers, and the general population because these findings will help understand the validated, translated, and adapted versions of MBI and domains, number of items, Likert scales, and cutoff points or the latent profile analysis most used in the literature. Furthermore, possible research gaps may be identified to guide future studies. All information regarding the stages of the scoping review favor its transparency and allow it to be methodologically replicated according to the principles of open science, thereby reducing the risk of bias and data duplication. CONCLUSIONS: This study may reveal the multiplicity of scales described in the literature and the different forms of assessing burnout syndrome in health care professionals. This study may help to standardize the assessment of burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and contribute to the discussion and knowledge dissemination about burnout syndrome and mental health in this population. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/42338.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar, a partir dos discursos dos enfermeiros, a relação do cuidado igualitário e equânime à mulher negra na Atenção Básica. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre os meses de março e maio de 2017 com oito enfermeiros da Atenção Básica do município de Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Utilizou-se a Análise de Discurso para análise dos resultados. Resultados: constatou-se no discurso dos enfermeiros certa confusão nos significados entre assistência igualitária e assistência equânime, porém também se verificou a possibilidade de uma ruptura no padrão de cuidados ofertados a mulher negra. Conclusão: é necessário que a abordagem dos assuntos relacionados a saúde da mulher negra seja trabalhada em toda a formação acadêmico/profissional afim de proporcionar ruptura nas lacunas do senso comum, considerando as relações étnicas, raciais, culturais e sociais. (AU).
Objective: to analyze, from the nursing professionals' speeches, the relation between equal and equitable care for black women in Primary Care. Method: descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, performed between March and May 2017 with eight nurses from the Primary Health Care in the town of Cajazeiras, Paraíba. In order to collect data, we used a semi-structured interview, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Discourse Analysis was used to analyze the results. Results: in the nurses' speech, we found some confusion in the meanings between equal assistance and equitable assistance; however, in their speeches, we also noted the possibility of a rupture in the standard of care offered to black women. Conclusion: it is necessary that the approach to issues related to the health of black women be worked in all academic/professional training in order to provide a rupture in the gaps of common sense, considering ethnic, racial, cultural and social relationships. (AU).
Objetivo: analizar, a partir de los discursos de los enfermeros, la relación de la atención igualitaria y equitativa a las mujeres negras en la Atención Primaria. Método: estudio descriptivo, con un planteamiento cualitativo, llevado a cabo entre marzo y mayo de 2017 con ocho enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la ciudad de Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada, tras la aprobación del Comité de Ética e Investigación. Se utilizó el análisis del discurso para analizar los resultados. Resultados: Se encontró, en el discurso de los enfermeros, una cierta confusión en los significados entre asistencia igualitaria y asistencia equitativa, pero, en dicho discurso, también se notó la posibilidad de una ruptura en el estándar de atención ofrecido a las mujeres negras. Conclusión: es necesario que el planteamiento de los problemas relacionados con la salud de las mujeres negras se trabaje en toda la formación académica/profesional con miras a proporcionar una ruptura en las brechas del sentido común, considerando las relaciones étnicas, raciales y culturales y sociales. (AU).