Aging of the population in Japan and its implications to the other Asian countries.

"The speed at which Japan's population is aging is mainly a result of its rapid economic development, which is common to many other East Asian countries. Two aspects of the aging of the population are an increasing share of the elderly and a declining labor force. The larger the number of elderly, the more the transfer of income between generations, and the fiscal burden rises. The shrinking workforce will lower the economic growth directly, and indirectly through the falling saving ratio. However, the negative impacts from aging can largely be offset by stimulating participation of older persons in the labor force."

[Changes in the age structure of the labor force by occupation in Quebec, 1981-1986]. / Changements dans la structure par age de la population active selon la profession au Quebec, 1981-1986.

The author examines trends in the age structure and size of the labor force in Quebec, Canada, for the period 1981-1986. "Using simulations, the author shows that the occupational structure of workers as a whole is less influenced by the decrease in the number of young workers...than by occupational changes observed among young workers." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

[The effect of population trends upon labor force flexibility]. / A nepesseg es a munkaero-allomany osszetetele

PIP: The effects of changes in the sex and age distribution of the population on the labor force in Hungary are considered. The author first notes that population growth and the more intense economic activity of younger people had a favorable impact on the structure of the labor force up to the 1970s. However, trends from the 1970s to the end of this century are likely to have negative effects on the labor force. The regional differences in the effect of population decrease and in the decline in the proportion of younger workers are analyzed.^ieng

Demographic evolution and production structure in Naples according to the information of the latest censuses.

Changes in the industrial structure of Naples, Italy, between 1971 and 1981 are examined using census data. The first part analyzes demographic shifts in the city's population. "In the closing years of that period a decline in population growth was observed and, over its last decade, there was also a change in its structure in that there was an increase in the labour force due to the huge number of young people who entered the labour market."

[[Changes in the labor force in Taiwan: 1979-1990]].

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of age composition on labor force participation rate as well as the change in age-specific labor force participation rate for both males and females in Taiwan.... Data [are] obtained from the Taiwan Manpower Utilization Survey from 1979 to 1990. Results from the standardization analyses indicated that the age composition change from 1979 to 1990 has a leveling effect on the labor force participation rate (LFPR) for both males and females. During the period of time, rate of male labor force participation has...decreased while female labor force participation rate has...increased and then [leveled] off." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demographic waves and labor resources.

PIP: The author examines the causes, nature, and socioeconomic consequences of medium-term fluctuations in the sizes of age groups in the Soviet Union, with particular attention to the impact on the dynamics of the nation's labor resources. Developments since World War I are outlined, and projections through the end of the twentieth century are summarized. Changes over time in the age distribution of a small population in a Kama River community are used as an example.^ieng

[Recent changes and the present situation of the Tunisian population]. / Changements recents et situation actuelle de la population tunisienne

PIP: Recent developments in the spatial distribution of Tunisia's population are summarized using data from the 1966, 1975, and 1980 censuses. Larger cohorts of women of childbearing age and higher rates of return migration are cited as factors contributing to the overall population growth rate. Within the country, the authors focus on changes in population density between inland and coastal areas and between northern and southern regions. The pace of urbanization in small and medium-sized towns relative to that of Tunis is noted, and labor force problems resulting from demographic changes are considered.^ieng

Some demographic aspects of labour force in Sharkia governorate, Egypt (1960-1976).

PIP: This paper presents the main characteristics of the labor force in Sharkia, a nonurban governorate in Lower Egypt, and relates these features to the demographic situation in the area. The data were derived largely from the 1960 and 1967 Censuses. The population growth rate in Sharkia Governorate was lower than that of the national population in the 1927-60 period and higher during the 1960-76 period. Sharkia is characterized by a high proportion of children and a low proportion of old people, reflecting its relatively high level of fertility. The population of working age (15-64 years) constituted 55% of Sharkia's population in 1976. The size of the labor force grew from 550,000 in 1960 to 748,000 in 1976, for an average annual rate of growth of 2.2%. Changes in population size accounted for 44% of this growth, whereas changes in the percentage of economically active persons in the population accounted for only 3.2%. The crude activity rate is higher in rural than urban areas, although female rates are higher in urban areas. An important consequence of the overall low economic activity rate, resulting from the youthful age structure and low female activity rates, is a heavy load of dependency. In 1976, the vast majority of workers (60%) were employed in the agricultural sector, although this statistic was only 17% in urban areas. The pattern for female workers is characterized by markedly higher proportions of white collar occupations (35% in 1976). Employees represented over half the labor force in 1976. The share of own-account and unpaid family workers stood at 19% and 9%, respectively, reflecting the declining significance of family enterprises. The unemployment rate in Sharkia was 7.2% in 1976 and reflected a sharp increase in the number of young people seeking their 1st job. Overall, the trends in the labor force in Sharkia are typical of those that normally accompany the process of economic development.^ieng

[Population in the region of the Ancient Kingdom of Leon]. / La poblacion en la region del Antiguo Reino de Leon

PIP: Changes in the population of the Spanish region that was formerly the Ancient Kingdom of Leon are examined using data for the twentieth century. Topics discussed include population size, spatial distribution, the movement of population from rural to urban areas, age and sex distribution, the structure of the economically active population, natural increase, and emigration.^ieng