Online education and improvement of caring behaviors of nurses in pediatric wards: a quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Nurses working in pediatric wards should communicate with children well and have appropriate caring behaviors according to the age of their patients, so distance education is very suitable for them due to its availability. This study aimed to determine the effect of online education on the principles of pediatric nursing care on the caring behaviors of nurses working in pediatric wards. METHODS: This interventional (quasi-experimental) study used a simple random method to select 70 nurses working in pediatric wards and pediatric intensive care units in Kerman. The nurses in the intervention group received online training in the sky room three days a week, while nurses in the control group received routine pediatric care. The study instruments were the demographic information questionnaire and the Caring behaviors Questionnaire, which were completed by two groups before and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 25. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The independent samples t-test indicated no significant differences in the mean scores of care behaviors between the intervention (256.61 ± 5.16) and control groups (257.52 ± 3.99) before the intervention (P = 0.23) but indicated a significant difference in the mean scores of caring behaviors between the intervention (275.69 ± 6.52) and control groups (254.21 ± 3.15) after the intervention. Therefore, online education increased the score of caring behaviors in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Distance education had an impact on the caring behaviors of nurses in pediatric wards and we recommend the use of e-learning to improve the caring behaviors and the quality of care of nurses.

Participatory management effects on nurses' organizational support and moral distress.

RESEARCH QUESTION/AIM/OBJECTIVES: Providing care for hospitalized children causes moral distress to nurses. Employee participation in discovering and solving the everyday problems of the workplace is one of the ways to hear the voices of nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of participatory management programs on perceived organizational support and moral distress in pediatric nurses. RESEARCH DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: The present study was conducted on 114 pediatric nurses in Iran. Data were collected using the Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Moral Distress Scale of nurses. The intervention included implementing a participatory management program in three treatment departments that were randomly selected and it lasted 4 months. Participatory management was at the level of problem-solving with a focus on investigating, solving, and correcting issues and problems of work shifts and departments concerning the physical environment, equipment of the department, improvement of work processes, and team cooperation. In the control group, ordinary organizational approaches to problem-solving were used. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Based on the results, both groups were homogenous before the intervention in terms of moral distress and perceived organizational support. The results showed that the moral distress mean scores in the intervention group decreased from 1.45 (0.52) to 1.03 (0.37) after the intervention. Also, the score of the perceived organizational support was 2.12 (1.2) increased after the intervention to 2.68 (1.10) in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the participation of nurses in the problem-solving process to solve daily workplace issues can be effective in increasing their perceived organizational support and reducing their moral distress.

Nurses' and nurse educators' experiences of a Pediatric Nursing Continuing Professional Development program in Rwanda.

OBJECTIVES: In 2016, a Pediatric Nursing Continuing Professional Development (PNCPD) program was created and implemented in Kigali, Rwanda, through the Training, Support, and Access Model (TSAM) for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH). This partnership project between Canada and Rwanda provided pediatric nursing education to forty-one Rwandan nurses and nurse educators in 2018 and 2019. The objective of this research study was to explore the experiences of nurses and nurse educators applying pediatric knowledge and skills to academic and clinical settings after participating in the PNCPD program. METHODS: This study was situated within an interpretive descriptive perspective to explore the ways in which knowledge gained during the PNCPD program in Rwanda was applied by nurses and nurse educators in their nursing practice, both academically and clinically. Data was collected through individual interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of the interviews resulted in the emergence of five themes: Transformations in Pediatric Nursing Practice, Knowledge Sharing, Relationship-Based Nursing, Barriers and Facilitators to Knowledge Implementation, and Scaling-up PNCPD within the Health System. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have the potential to inform positive changes to child health care in Rwanda, including scaling up pediatric nursing education to other areas of the healthcare system.

An Exploratory Analysis of the Roles of Nurses on a Pediatric Rehabilitation Unit in South Korea Perceived by Pediatric Rehabilitation Professionals.

Rehabilitation addresses not only children's disabilities but also their physical, psychological, social, and cultural impairments. Hence, pediatric rehabilitation adopts a multidisciplinary approach; it encompasses the vital role of not only physicians and rehabilitation therapists, but also of nurses. This study conducts a content analysis of the experiences of healthcare professionals specializing in pediatric rehabilitation to explore the roles nurses working on pediatric rehabilitation units are expected to perform. After analyzing the interviews with 12 experts in pediatric rehabilitation, the roles of pediatric rehabilitation nurses were broadly categorized into five areas (caregivers, team members, counselors, researchers, and educators) with eight sub-groups and 24 specific roles. This study is significant because it provides profound insights into the roles of pediatric rehabilitation nurses in Korea. These insights can serve as foundational data for formulating policies for healthcare personnel in pediatric rehabilitation, and provide evidence for establishing a much-needed system for certified rehabilitation nurses in Korea.

Perceived Barriers to Administration of Aromatherapy in Nurses Caring for Pediatric Patients With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: An Evidence-based Practice Project.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is prevalent among surgical patients, causing hospitalizations, extended stays, and patient dissatisfaction. Children are twice as likely to experience PONV than adult patients. Complementary therapy holds promise for PONV treatment but meets clinical use barriers. We explored perioperative nurses' perceived barriers to the use of complementary aromatherapy. METHOD: Presurvey and postsurveys assessed nurses' (n = 27) knowledge and barriers to aromatherapy use before and after an educational in-service. RESULTS: Primary PONV treatment involved antiemetics. Barriers to aromatherapy included product availability, caregiver refusal, and patient-specific factors. Post-in-service, the nurses felt more familiar with aromatherapy and inclined to use it. DISCUSSION: Increased education and guidelines on aromatherapy promote its incorporation into clinical practice. Institutional policies addressing the selection, administration, documentation, and monitoring of aromatherapy should be established to ensure the consistency and standardization of its use.

Factorial Validity of the Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale-Pediatric Nurses (PNPPS-PN).

For the optimal growth and development of high-quality professional nursing care for hospitalized children, a partnership between pediatric nurses and parents within the context of the family is essential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factorial validity of the Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale for hospital pediatric nurses (PNPPS-PN) and to investigate the associations of its components with the Nursing Professional Value Scale and Compassion Competence Scale. This study used survey data from 236 pediatric nurses collected between March and June 2019. The seven-factor structure showed an acceptable to good fit in the confirmatory factor analysis, and the scale correlated as expected with measures of compassion competence and nursing professional values. The Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.89, indicating good internal consistency reliability. The PNPPS-PN is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing pediatric nurse-reported partnerships between pediatric nurses and parents in hospital settings.

Psychosocial and psychological interventions' effectiveness among nurses in intensive care units caring for pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial and psychological interventions in nurses among intensive care units caring for pediatric patients. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Study design, population characteristics, contents of the programs, measured outcomes, and results were systematically reviewed from 8 selected studies. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the RevMan 5.3 program. The effect size used was the standardized mean difference. Results: Of 1,630 studies identified, 4 met the inclusion criteria, and 3 studies were used to estimate the effect size of psychosocial and psychological interventions. The primary outcome variable of these studies was stress. The effect of the intervention program on stress was also found to have no effect in individual studies, and the overall effect size was not statistically significant (standardized mean difference = -0.06; 95% confidence interval: -0.33, 0.20; Z = 0.48, p = 0.630). However, according to the individual literature included in this study, after the stress management program was applied as a group, a significant stress reduction was shown in the experimental group (p = 0.021). Conclusions: These results show that psychosocial and psychological interventions were effective in stress management by a group approach. Therefore, it is necessary to develop psychosocial support interventions for stress management of nurses among intensive care units caring for pediatric patients more diversely.

Pediatric nurses' grit and nursing intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating and moderating effects of mindset and psychological collectivism.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the mediating and moderating effects of mindset and psychological collectivism, respectively, on the relationship between grit and nursing intention for children with emerging infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among pediatric nurses. METHODS: We conducted a crosssectional descriptive study with 230 pediatric nurses. RESULTS: Grit directly impacted mindset (ß=.27, p<.001) and nursing intention (ß=.20, p=.001). The direct effect of mindset on nursing intension (ß=.28, p<.001) and the indirect effect of grit on nursing intension via mindset (ß=.08, p<.001) were significant. Accordingly, mindset mediated the effect of grit on nursing intention. The effects of grit and psychological collectivism (ß=.19, p=.003), respectively, on nursing intention were significant. However, the interaction between grit and psychological collectivism was not significant. Thus, psychological collectivism did not moderate the effect of grit on nursing intention. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the importance of pediatric nurses' grit and mindset on their intended care for patients in critical situations. Cultivating a gritty culture and developing interventions to enhance nurses' personality traits associated with their performance will be crucial, and such measures are especially salient for pediatric nurses to face the new adjustments required in the era of COVID-19.

Levels of Partnership between Nurses and Parents of Hospitalized Children and the Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care as Perceived by Nurses.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship of the partnership between nurses and parents of hospitalized children with the quality of pediatric nursing care as perceived by pediatric nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 90 nurses. The data collected were analyzed using the independent t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The level of partnership between nurses and parents showed significant differences by nurses' age (t=2.22, p=.029) and marital status (t=2.54, p=.013). The quality of pediatric nursing care was found to significantly differ by the nurses' age (t=2.62, p=.013), marital status (t=4.17, p<.001), whether nurses had children (t=2.53, p=.020), pediatric ward work experience (t=2.43, p=.020), and total work experience (t=2.51, p=.016). The level of partnership between nurses and parents was positively correlated with the quality of pediatric nursing care (r=.48, p<.001). CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of nursing care for hospitalized children and their parents, it is important to consider the specific characteristics of pediatric nurses, whose clinical skills should be improved.

Pediatric Nurses' Perspectives on Family-Centered Care in Sri Lanka: A Mixed-Methods Study.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate nurses' perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children's hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system. METHODS: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses' perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children's hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews. RESULTS: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children's hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC. CONCLUSION: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.

Caring for children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic: innovations and changes experienced by nurses / Cuidar del niño y su familia durante la pandemia de COVID-19: innovaciones y cambios vividos por los enfermeros / Cuidar da criança e família na pandemia de COVID-19: inovações emudanças vivenciadas por enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experience of nurses working in pediatric units in the face of innovations and changes in the process of caring for children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the objective is to understand the typical experience of nurses in this care. Method: Qualitative research, which involved the participation of 16 nurses from pediatric units of a public teaching hospital. The data were analyzed according to the theoretical-methodological framework of Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology. Results: The participants' reports generated the categories: the challenge of experiencing changes amid fear, the team's adaptation to innovations and changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the expectation for care and the work process. Conclusion: The understanding of the nurses' experience highlighted changes, team adaptations and expectations for the care of children and families, which, although permeated by learning, were experienced by ethical dilemmas and moral suffering for these professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia del enfermero que actúa en unidades pediátricas frente a las innovaciones y los cambios en el proceso de cuidar al niño y su familia durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y aprehender lo típico de la vivencia de los enfermeros en este cuidado. Método: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con la participación de 16 enfermeros de unidades pediátricas de un hospital público docente. Los datos se analizaron según el referencial teórico-metodológico de la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: Los relatos de los participantes concibieron las siguientes categorías: el reto de experimentar el cambio en medio del miedo, la adaptación del equipo a las innovaciones y los cambios provocados por la pandemia COVID-19, y las expectativas sobre la atención y el proceso de trabajo. Conclusión: La comprensión de la experiencia de los enfermeros mostró cambios, adaptaciones del equipo y expectativas en la atención al niño y a su familia que, aunque impregnada de aprendizaje, fue vivida por estos profesionales como dilemas éticos y sufrimiento moral.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a vivência do enfermeiro que atua em unidades pediátricas diante das inovações e das mudanças no processo de cuidar da criança e da família durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e apreender o típico da vivência dos enfermeiros neste cuidado. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, que contou com a participação de 16 enfermeiros de unidades pediátricas de um hospital público e de ensino. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com o referencial teórico-metodológico da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: Os relatos dos participantes geraram as categorias: o desafio de vivenciar as mudanças em meio ao medo, a adaptação da equipe às inovações e às mudanças provocadas pela pandemia de COVID-19 e a expectativa para o cuidado e processo de trabalho. Conclusão: A compreensão da vivência dos enfermeiros evidenciou mudanças, adaptações da equipe e expectativas ao cuidado da criança e da família que, embora permeada por aprendizagem, foi vivenciada por dilemas éticos e sofrimento moral por esses profissionais.

Fatores intervenientes na gerência do cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada com cardiopatia reumática / Intervening factors in the management of nursing care for children hospitalized with rheumatic heart disease / Factores que intervienen en la gestión del cuidado de enfermería al niño hospitalizado con cardiopatía reumática

Objetivo: analisar os fatores intervenientes na gerência do cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada com cardiopatia reumática. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico, respectivamente, como referencial metodológico e teórico. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma instituição especializada em atendimento cardiológico, no munícipio do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados 19 profissionais de enfermagem através de um roteiro semiestruturado. Resultado: emergiram os seguintes fatores intervenientes na prática da gerência do cuidado: condição socioeconômica da família, comportamento da criança, condições de trabalho, comunicação ineficaz, educação permanente, trabalho em equipe e experiência profissional. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para a necessidade de proposição de estratégias de ação e interação que facilitem a prática gerencial de cuidado à criança com cardiopatia reumática e sua família face aos fatores intervenientes identificados.

Objective: to analyze the factors involved in the management of nursing care for children hospitalized with rheumatic heart disease. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which used Data-Based Theory and Symbolic Interactionism, respectively, as methodological, and theoretical references. Data was collected in an institution specializing in cardiac care in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Nineteen nursing professionals were interviewed using a semi-structured script. Result: the following intervening factors in the practice of care management emerged: the family's socioeconomic status, the child's behavior, working conditions, ineffective communication, continuing education, teamwork, and professional experience. Conclusion: the results point to the need to propose strategies for action and interaction that facilitate management practice in caring for children with rheumatic heart disease and their families, given the intervening factors identified.

Objetivo: analizar los factores que intervienen en la gestión del cuidado de enfermería al niño hospitalizado con cardiopatía reumática. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, cuyos marcos metodológico y teórico fueron la Teoría Fundamentada y el Interaccionismo Simbólico, respectivamente. La recolección de datos se realizó en una institución especializada en atención cardiológica, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Fueron entrevistados 19 profesionales de enfermería mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado. Resultado: surgieron los siguientes factores intervinientes en la práctica de la gestión del cuidado: condición socioeconómica de la familia, comportamiento del niño, condiciones de trabajo, comunicación ineficaz, educación continua, trabajo en equipo y experiencia profesional. Conclusión: los resultados indican que es necesario proponer estrategias de acción e interacción que faciliten la práctica de la gestión del cuidado al niño con cardiopatía reumática y a sus familiares, con respecto a los factores intervinientes identificados.

Child health nursing consultation and competencies for Advanced Practice Nurses / Consulta de enfermería en salud infantil y competencias para Enfermeros de Práctica Avanzada / Consulta de enfermagem em saúde da criança e competências para Enfermeiros de Prática Avançada

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze nurses' practice in child health nursing consultations and the presence of care management competencies proposed for Advanced Practice Nurses (APN). Method: Multicenter, exploratory sequential mixed methods research, carried out in 17 Basic Health Units in four Brazilian cities. Collection was carried out from May to July 2022 through filming of consultation and analysis of medical records. Consultations with compliance with the Nursing Process ≥50% were analyzed to identify the competencies proposed for APN. Results: 24 child consultations carried out by 12 nurses were filmed. In the quantitative analysis, 11 nursing consultations, carried out by seven nurses, achieved ≥50% Nursing Process compliance. In the qualitative analysis of these consultations, some APN competencies in care management were identified, but incomplete. Conclusion: child health nursing consultations present weaknesses in carrying out the Nursing Process, and nurses demonstrated a partial and superficial application of the care management competencies proposed for APN.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la práctica del enfermero en consultas de enfermería en salud infantil y la presencia de habilidades de gestión del cuidado propuestas para el Enfermero de Práctica Avanzada (EPA). Método: Estudio multicéntrico, método mixto secuencial exploratorio, realizado en 17 Unidades Básicas de Salud de cuatro ciudades brasileñas. La recolección se realizó de mayo a julio de 2022 mediante filmación de la consulta y análisis de historias clínicas. Se analizaron las consultas con cumplimiento ≥50% del Proceso de Enfermería para identificar las competencias propuestas para EPA. Resultados: Se filmaron 24 consultas infantiles realizadas por 12 enfermeras. En el análisis cuantitativo, 11 consultas de enfermería, realizadas por siete enfermeros, alcanzaron ≥50% de cumplimiento del Proceso de Enfermería. En el análisis cualitativo de estas consultas se identificaron algunas competencias del EPA en la gestión del cuidado, pero incompletas. Conclusión: Las consultas de enfermería en salud infantil presentan debilidades en la realización del Proceso de Enfermería, y los enfermeros demostraron una aplicación parcial y superficial de las habilidades de gestión del cuidado propuestas para el EPA.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prática de enfermeiros nas consultas de enfermagem em saúde da criança e a presença das competências de gestão do cuidado propostas para o Enfermeiro de Prática Avançada (EPA). Método: Estudo multicêntrico, método misto sequencial exploratório, realizado em 17 Unidades Básicas de Saúde em quatro cidades brasileiras. A coleta foi realizada de maio a julho de 2022 através de filmagem da consulta e análise dos registros em prontuário. As consultas com cumprimento do Processo de Enfermagem ≥50% foram analisadas para identificar as competências propostas para EPA. Resultados: Foram filmadas 24 consultas de crianças realizadas por 12 enfermeiros. Na análise quantitativa, 11 consultas de enfermagem, realizadas por sete enfermeiros, alcançaram cumprimento ≥50% Processo de Enfermagem. Na análise qualitativa dessas consultas, algumas competências do EPA em gestão do cuidado foram identificadas, porém incompletas. Conclusão: As consultas de enfermagem em saúde da criança apresentam fragilidades na realização do Processo de Enfermagem, e os enfermeiros demonstraram uma aplicação parcial e superficial das competências de gestão do cuidado propostas para o EPA.

Pain management in hospitalized children: unveiling barriers from the nursing perspective / Manejo del dolor en niños hospitalizados: desvelando barreras desde la perspectiva de enfermería / Manejo da dor de crianças hospitalizadas: desvelando barreiras sob a perspectiva da enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand nursing team perceptions about the barriers in pain management in the care of hospitalized children. Method: Descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with eight nurses and seven nursing technicians. Data were collected at the Universidade de São Paulo University Hospital, between June and September 2022, through individual interviews, analyzed from the perspective of thematic content analysis and in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. Results: The following categories emerged: 1) Knowledge translation: is pain management actuallyperformed? and 2) Reflecting changes: how to achieve the potential of pain management? Professionals have theoretical knowledge about pain management, however, they listed numerous barriers at each stage, mainly related to institutional routine, and, when reflecting on this context, they indicated the need for an institutional protocol. Final considerations: Barriers stand out from theoretical knowledge and make pain management for hospitalized children disregarded. Knowing this context is relevant forimplementing change strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las percepciones del equipo de enfermería sobre las barreras en el manejo del dolor en el cuidado de niños hospitalizados. Método: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con ocho enfermeros y siete técnicos de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados en el Hospital Universitario de la Universidade de São Paulo, entre junio y septiembre de 2022, a través de entrevistas individuales, analizados en la perspectiva del análisis de contenido temático y a la luz del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: Emergieron las siguientes categorías: 1) Traducción del conocimiento: ¿Se realiza realmente el manejo del dolor? y 2) Reflejar cambios: ¿Cómo alcanzar la potencialidad del manejo del dolor? Los profesionales tienen conocimientos teóricos sobre el manejo del dolor, pero enumeraron numerosas barreras en cada etapa, principalmente relacionadas con el cotidiano institucional, y, al reflejar ese contexto, señalaron la necesidad de un protocolo institucional. Consideraciones finales: las barreras se destacan del conocimiento teórico y hacen que se desestime el manejo del dolor en niños hospitalizados. Conocer este contexto se vuelve relevante para aplicar las estrategias de cambio.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as percepções da equipe de enfermagem sobre as barreiras no manejo da dor na assistência às crianças hospitalizadas. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito enfermeiras e sete técnicas de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, entre junho e setembro de 2022, por meio de entrevistas individuais, analisados sob a ótica da análise temática de conteúdo e à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias: 1) Tradução de conhecimento: o manejo da dor de fato é realizado? e 2)Refletir mudanças:como atingir a potencialidade do manejo da dor? Os profissionais possuem conhecimento teórico sobre o manejo da dor, porém listaram inúmeras barreiras frente a cada etapa, principalmente relacionadas à rotina institucional, e, ao refletirem sobre esse contexto, indicaram a necessidade de um protocolo institucional. Considerações finais: As barreiras se sobressaem ao conhecimento teórico, e tornam o manejo da dor às crianças hospitalizadas desconsiderado. Conhecer esse contexto é relevante para aplicar estratégias de mudanças.

Patient-nurse ratio as an index related to healthcare-associated infections: a surveillance study / Proporción paciente-enfermera como índice relacionado con infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud: un estudio de vigilancia

Abstract Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a hospital problem with a prevalence of approximately 5% in Mexico. HCAIs have been related to the patient-nurse ratio (PNR). This study aimed to analyze the association between PNR and HCAI in a tertiary-level pediatric hospital. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and prospective study at a tertiary-level pediatric hospital in Mexico. Nursing attendance and HCAIs records were documented from July 2017 to December 2018. PNR was calculated using nurse staffing records and patient census. Results: We obtained 63,114 staff attendance data from five hospital departments for the morning, evening, and night shifts. PNR > 2:1 was associated with a 54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42-167%; p < 0.001) increased risk (odds ratio (OR)) for HCAIs, adjusted by shift staff, special conditions, and surveillance periods. The HCAIs more associated with PNR were urinary tract infections (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.34-2.46), procedure-related pneumonia (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.41-3.07), and varicella (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.08-5.03). Conclusions: A high number of patients per nurse increased the probability of various types of HCAI. PNR needs to be established the HCAI guidelines and policies, as regulating the number of patients per nurse can prevent HCAIs and their complications.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS) son un problema para los hospitales; en México se ha reportado una prevalencia de alrededor del 5%. Las IAAS se han relacionado con el índice paciente-enfermera (IPE). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el IPE y las IAAS en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en México. Los registros de asistencia de enfermeras y de IAAS se documentaron desde julio de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. El IPE se calculó utilizando los registros de personal de enfermería y el censo de pacientes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 63,114 datos de asistencia del personal de cinco departamentos del hospital para los turnos de mañana, tarde y noche. El IPE > 2:1 se asoció con un aumento del 54% (IC95% 42–167%; p < 0.001) de riesgo (razón de momios [RM]) para IAAS, ajustado por personal de turno, condiciones especiales y periodos de vigilancia. Las IAAS mayormente asociadas con el IPE fueron infecciones del tracto urinario (RM 1.83; IC 95% 1.34-2.46), neumonía relacionada con procedimientos (RM 2.08; IC95% 1.41-3.07) y varicela (RM 2.33; IC95% 1.08-5.03). Conclusiones: Un alto número de pacientes por enfermera aumenta las probabilidades de varios tipos de IAAS. Es fundamental que el IPE se establezca en las guías y políticas en materia de IAAS, ya que regular el número de pacientes por enfermera puede prevenir las IAAS, así como sus complicaciones.

Practice standards for nurses providing pediatric cancer care in atlantic canada: tradução e validação em português / Practice standards for nurses providing pediatric cancer care in atlantic canada: traducción y validación en portugués / Practice standards for nurses providing pediatric cancer care in atlantic canada: translation and validation in portuguese

Objetivos: realizar tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo e aparência do instrumento Practice Standards for Nurses Providing Pediatric Cancer Care in Atlantic Canada para o português do Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo e aparência de instrumento. Participaram 8 profissionais no comitê de juízes. Resultados: houve a necessidade de adequar a semântica e correções gramaticais com a versão aprovada pela Associação Canadense de Enfermeiros em Oncologia. Adotou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Foram realizadas três rodadas para atingir o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ?0,8 em 100% dos itens: primeira 233 itens (96%), segunda 9 itens (90%), terceira rodada 1 item. No pré-teste obteve-se 100% de compreensão. Conclusão: a versão traduzida do instrumento original está adequada para utilização no Brasil.

Objetivos: realizar traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de contenido y apariencia del instrumento "Practice Standards for Nurses Providing Pediatric Cancer Care in Atlantic Canada" para el portugués de Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio de traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de contenido y apariencia de instrumento. Participaron 8 profesionales en el comité de jueces. Resultados: hubo la necesidad de adecuar la semántica y correcciones gramaticales con la versión aprobada por la Asociación Canadiense de Enfermeros en Oncología. Se adoptó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Se realizaron tres rondas para alcanzar el Índice de Validez de Contenido ?0,8 en el 100% de los ítems: primera 233 ítems (96%), segunda 9 ítems (90%), tercera ronda 1 ítem. En el pre-test se obtuvo 100% de comprensión. Conclusión: la versión traducida del instrumento original está adecuada para su uso en Brasil.

Objective: to perform translation, cultural adaptation and validation of content and appearance of the instrument "Practice Standards for Nurses Providing Pediatric Cancer Care in Atlantic Canada" into Brazilian Portuguese. Method: this is a study of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of content and appearance of instrument. Eight professionals participated in the committee of judges. Results: there was a need to adapt the semantics and grammatical corrections with the version approved by the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology. The Content Validity Index was adopted. Three rounds were performed to achieve the Content Validity Index ?0.8 in 100% of items: first 233 items (96%), second 9 items (90%), third round 1 item. In the pre-test, 100% comprehension was obtained. Conclusion: the translated version of the original instrument is suitable for use in Brazil.

The effectiveness of using interactive multimodality books in pediatric nursing in implementing Merdeka Belajar program / A eficácia do uso de livros interativos multimodalidade em enfermagem pediátrica na implementação do programa Merdeka Belajar / La efectividad del uso de libros interactivos multimodales en enfermería pediátrica en la implementación del programa Merdeka Belajar

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyzing the Effectiveness of Using Interactive Multimodality Books in Pediatric Nursing on Student Learning Outcomes in Implementing the Merdeka Belajar Program. Methods: the research design used a quasi-experimental approach with a posttest control group design. The sample in this study was the fourth-semester nursing students of Institute of Health Science Suaka Insan Banjarmasin who received the Pediatric Nursing course, a total of 52 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Data analysis used the dependent t-test. Results: the interactive multimodality pediatric nursing book was effective in improving the learning achievement of fourth-semester students with a significance value of 0.015 < 0.05. There is a difference in the average value of pediatric nursing courses for class A and class B, which is 3.173. Conclusions: the use of interactive multimodality books is very good for lecturers to apply in teaching to help students understand the material they are learning.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a eficácia do uso de livros interativos multimodalidade em enfermagem pediátrica nos resultados de aprendizagem do aluno na implementação do programa Merdeka Belajar. Métodos: estudo de abordagem quase-experimental com um projeto de grupo de controle pós-teste. A amostra incluiu 52 alunos de enfermagem do quarto semestre do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Suaka Insan Banjarmasin que frequentaram o curso de Enfermagem Pediátrica. Foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem total e o teste t dependente na análise dos dados. Resultados: o livro interativo multimodalidade de enfermagem pediátrica foi eficaz para melhorar o desempenho de aprendizagem dos alunos do quarto semestre com um valor de significância de 0,015 < 0,05. Há uma diferença de 3,173 no valor médio dos cursos de enfermagem pediátrica da classe A e da classe B. Conclusões: o uso de livros interativos multimodalidade é muito bom para os professores na aplicação do ensino a fim de ajudar os alunos no entendimento do material que estão aprendendo.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la efectividad del uso de libros interactivos multimodales en enfermería pediátrica sobre los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en la implementación del Programa Merdeka Belajar. Métodos: investigación cuasi-experimental con un diseño de grupo de control posterior a la prueba. En este estudio, la muestra incluyó 52 estudiantes de enfermería del cuarto semestre del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Suaka Insan Banjarmasin que recibieron el curso de Enfermería Pediátrica. Fue utilizada la técnica de muestreo total y la prueba t dependiente en el análisis de datos. Resultados: el libro interactivo multimodal de enfermería pediátrica fue efectivo en la mejora del logro de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de cuarto semestre con un valor de significancia de 0,015 < 0,05. Hay una diferencia en el valor promedio de los cursos de enfermería pediátrica para la clase A y la clase B, que es de 3,173. Conclusiones: el uso de libros multimodales interactivos es muy bueno para que los profesores los apliquen en la enseñanza para ayudar a los estudiantes a comprender el material que están aprendiendo.

Nursing process directed to newborns in a usual risk maternity ward: nurses' perceptions / Proceso de enfermería dirigido a recién nacidos en una maternidad de riesgo habitual: percepciones de enfermeras / Processo de enfermagem direcionado a recém-nascidos de uma maternidade de risco habitual: percepções de enfermeiras

ABSTRACT Objective: to know nurses' perception in relation to the Nursing Process directed to newborns in a usual risk maternity ward. Method: an action-research study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022 with nurses from a usual risk maternity ward in southern Brazil. The data collected through focus groups were submitted to content analysis. Results: the organized and analyzed data resulted in two thematic categories, namely: Nursing process: a self-reflection and self-criticism inducing device; and Nursing process: a (re)signifying care tool for newborns. In synthesis, it is shown that the Nursing Process is a driver of best practices in the Obstetric and Neonatal Nursing context. Conclusions: the Nursing Process directed to the care of newborns in a usual risk maternity ward is not only constituted as a theoretical-methodological tool to guide and qualify the care provided, but as a self-reflection and professional self-criticism inducing technology, with a view to the development of new knowledge and practices both in the scope of management and in Nursing care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los enfermeros en relación al proceso de Enfermería dirigido a recién nacidos en una maternidad de riesgo habitual. Método: investigación-acción realizada entre septiembre de 2021 y enero de 2022 con enfermeros de una maternidad de riesgo habitual en el sur de Brasil. Los datos recolectados a través de grupos focales fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: los datos organizados y analizados derivaron en dos categorías temáticas, a saber: Proceso de Enfermería: dispositivo inductor de autorreflexión y autocrítica; y Proceso de Enfermería: una herramienta (re)significativa para el cuidado del recién nacido. En resumen, se demuestra que el Proceso de Enfermería impulsa buenas prácticas en el contexto de la Enfermería Obstétrica y Neonatal. Conclusiones: el Proceso de Enfermería dirigido al cuidado del recién nacido en una maternidad de riesgo habitual no es solamente una herramienta teórico-metodológica para orientar y calificar la atención provista, sino una tecnología que induce a la autorreflexión y autocrítica profesional, con miras al desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos y prácticas tanto en la gestión como en el cuidado de Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de enfermeiras em relação ao processo de enfermagem direcionado a recém-nascidos em uma maternidade de risco habitual. Método: Pesquisa-ação conduzida, entre setembro/2021 e janeiro/2022, com enfermeiras de uma maternidade de risco habitual do Sul do Brasil. Os dados coletados, por meio de grupos focais, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os dados organizados e analisados resultaram em duas categorias temáticas, quais sejam: Processo de enfermagem: dispositivo indutor de autorreflexão e autocrítica; e Processo de enfermagem: ferramenta (re) significadora do cuidado ao recém-nascido. Demonstra-se, em síntese, que o processo de enfermagem é impulsionador de melhores práticas no contexto da enfermagem obstétrica e neonatal. Conclusões: O processo de enfermagem direcionado ao cuidado de recém-nascidos em uma maternidade de risco habitual não se constitui apenas como uma ferramenta teórico-metodológica para nortear e qualificar o cuidado, mas em uma tecnologia indutora de autorreflexão e autocrítica profissional, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de novos saberes e práticas tanto em âmbito da gestão quanto da assistência de enfermagem.

Validação da escala Nurse-Parent Support Tool para a cultura portuguesa: Confiabilidade e validade / Validation of the Nurse-Parent Support Tool scale for Portuguese culture: Reliability and validity / Validación de la escala Nurse-Parent Support Tool para la cultura portuguesa: Fiabilidad y validez

Resumo Enquadramento: A avaliação da perceção dos pais de crianças hospitalizadas sobre o apoio dos enfermeiros constitui um contributo para aferir a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem pediátricos. Objetivo: Concluir o processo de Adaptação Cultural e Validação da Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) para a realidade portuguesa, avaliando a confiabilidade e validade. Metodologia: Estudo metodológico quantitativo, com uma amostra de 291 pais de crianças hospitalizadas. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foram aferidas, avaliando a confiabilidade, através do cálculo do coeficiente do alfa de Crohnbach, e a validade de construto, pela análise fatorial exploratória, com rotação Varimax. Resultados: A NPST apresenta características psicométricas apropriadas à população portuguesa, de pais de crianças hospitalizadas (alfa de Cronhbach 0,925), garantindo-lhe a confiabilidade e validade para medir o apoio dado pelos enfermeiros. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que a Escala de Apoio dos Enfermeiros aos Pais (EAEP), versão portuguesa da NPST, é um instrumento fiável e válido para avaliar o apoio dos enfermeiros, aos pais da criança hospitalizada e apresenta muito boa consistência interna.

Abstract Background: Assessing the perceptions of parents of hospitalized children about the support provided by nurses can contribute to assessing the quality of pediatric nursing care. Objective: To complete the cultural adaptation and validation of the Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) for the Portuguese population by assessing its reliability and validity. Methodology: Quantitative methodological study, with a sample of 291 parents of hospitalized children. The psychometric properties of the instrument were measured by assessing its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its construct validity through exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. Results: The psychometric characteristics of the NPST show that it is appropriate to the Portuguese population of parents of hospitalized children (Cronbach's alpha of 0.925), as well as a reliable and valid tool to measure the support provided by nurses to these parents. Conclusion: The European Portuguese version of the NPST - Escala de Apoio dos Enfermeiros aos Pais (EAEP) - is a reliable and valid instrument with very good internal consistency to assess the support provided by nurses to parents during a child's hospitalization.

Resumen Marco contextual: La evaluación de la percepción de los padres de niños hospitalizados sobre el apoyo de los enfermeros es una contribución para evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería pediátrica. Objetivo: Completar el proceso de Adaptación Cultural y Validación del Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) para la realidad portuguesa, evaluando fiabilidad y validez. Metodología: Estudio metodológico cuantitativo, con una muestra de 291 padres de niños hospitalizados. Se midieron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, evaluando la fiabilidad mediante el cálculo del coeficiente alfa de Crohnbach y la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, con rotación Varimax. Resultados: El NPST presenta características psicométricas apropiadas para la población portuguesa de padres de niños hospitalizados (alfa de Cronhbach 0,925), garantizando su fiabilidad y validez para medir el apoyo dado por los enfermeiros. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que la Escala de Apoio dos Enfermeiros aos Pais (EAEP), versión portuguesa de NPST, es un instrumento confiable y válido para evaluar el apoyo de las enfermeras, a los padres, durante la hospitalización del niño y tiene muy buena consistencia interna.

The use of toys by nursing as a therapeutic resource in the care of hospitalized children / El uso del juguete por la enfermería como recurso terapéutico en la atención al niño hospitalizado / O uso do brinquedo pela enfermagem como recurso terapêutico na assistência à criança hospitalizada

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the use of toys by nursing during the care of children in the inpatient unit; to analyze the factors that influence the use of therapeutic toys by nursing in the care of hospitalized children. Methods: qualitative research, conducted in a pediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro between July and August 2019. Semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used as methodological procedure. Results: the 12 nurses and 7 nursing technicians revealed minimizing fear, relieving tension, and creating a bond between the child and the professional as the main benefits; they use as resources: children's toys, hospital materials, cartoons, and children's videos. The high demand for work, deficit of human resources, and appropriate ludic materials are factors that interfere with the use of toys as a therapeutic resource. Final Considerations: although the participants recognize the importance of the toy as a therapeutic resource, there is no systematization of its use in pediatric practice.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir uso del juguete por la enfermería durante la atención al niño en unidad de internación; analizar los factores que influencian la utilización del juguete terapéutico por la enfermería en la atención al niño hospitalizado. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, realizada en un hospital pediátrico de Rio de Janeiro entre julio y agosto de 2019. Procedimiento metodológico fue la entrevista semiestructurada y análisis temático. Resultados: los 12 enfermeros y 7 técnicos de enfermería revelan como principales beneficios minimizar miedo, aliviar tensión y construir vínculo entre niño y profesional; utilizan como recursos: juguetes del niño, materiales hospitalarios, dibujos animados y videos infantiles. La alta demanda de trabajo y el déficit de recursos humanos y materiales lúdicos apropiados son factores que interferen en el uso del juguete como recurso terapéutico. Consideraciones Finales: aunque los participantes reconozcan la importancia del juguete mientras recurso terapéutico, no hay sistematización de su utilización en la práctica pediátrica.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o uso do brinquedo pela enfermagem durante a assistência à criança na unidade de internação; analisar os fatores que influenciam a utilização do brinquedo terapêutico pela enfermagem no cuidado da criança hospitalizada. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um hospital pediátrico do Rio de Janeiro entre julho e agosto de 2019. O procedimento metodológico foi a entrevista semiestruturada e análise temática. Resultados: os 12 enfermeiros e 7 técnicos de enfermagem revelam como principais benefícios minimizar o medo, aliviar a tensão e criar vínculo entre criança e profissional e; utilizam como recursos: brinquedos da criança, materiais hospitalares, desenhos animados e vídeos infantis. A alta demanda de trabalho e o déficit de recursos humanos e materiais lúdicos apropriados são fatores que interferem no uso do brinquedo como recurso terapêutico. Considerações Finais: embora os participantes reconheçam a importância do brinquedo enquanto recurso terapêutico, não há sistematização de sua utilização na prática pediátrica.