A falls case summary: Application of the public health nursing intervention wheel.

BACKGROUND: The Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW) is a population-based practice model that encompasses three levels of practice (community, systems, and individual/family) and 17 public health interventions. Each intervention and practice level contributes to improving population health. Public health nurses (PHNs) provide care at the three levels of practice. Prevention of falls is a public health issue and the majority of falls happen at home. Therefore, prevention and management of falls in the community could benefit from a public health systems approach by PHNs underpinned by the PHIW. CASE PRESENTATION: A hypothetical case is presented of a 78-year-old gentleman who had a fall which resulted in a fractured right acetabulum and surgery before being discharged home. METHODS: The aim of this paper was to use a case summary to illustrate PHN practice in the context of the PHIW as applied to falls management and prevention. This paper focuses on fall incidence and PHN response in Ireland and Norway. The PHIW is described and relevant interventions from the PHIW are applied to PHN practice in managing the case. CONCLUSIONS: The PHIW model provides insight into the potential scope of public health nursing in falls, articulating PHN practice in the community.

Towards human-centered AI and robotics to reduce hospital falls: finding opportunities to enhance patient-nurse interactions during toileting.

Introduction: Patients who are hospitalized may be at a higher risk for falling, which can result in additional injuries, longer hospitalizations, and extra cost for healthcare organizations. A frequent context for these falls is when a hospitalized patient needs to use the bathroom. While it is possible that "high-tech" tools like robots and AI applications can help, adopting a human-centered approach and engaging users and other affected stakeholders in the design process can help to maximize benefits and avoid unintended consequences. Methods: Here, we detail our findings from a human-centered design research effort to investigate how the process of toileting a patient can be ameliorated through the application of advanced tools like robots and AI. We engaged healthcare professionals in interviews, focus groups, and a co-creation session in order to recognize common barriers in the toileting process and find opportunities for improvement. Results: In our conversations with participants, who were primarily nurses, we learned that toileting is more than a nuisance for technology to remove through automation. Nurses seem keenly aware and responsive to the physical and emotional pains experienced by patients during the toileting process, and did not see technology as a feasible or welcomed substitute. Instead, nurses wanted tools which supported them in providing this care to their patients. Participants envisioned tools which helped them anticipate and understand patient toileting assistance needs so they could plan to assist at convenient times during their existing workflows. Participants also expressed favorability towards mechanical assistive features which were incorporated into existing equipment to ensure ubiquitous availability when needed without adding additional mass to an already cramped and awkward environment. Discussion: We discovered that the act of toileting served more than one function, and can be viewed as a valuable touchpoint in which nurses can assess, support, and encourage their patients to engage in their own recovery process as they perform a necessary and normal function of life. While we found opportunities for technology to make the process safer and less burdensome for patients and clinical staff alike, we believe that designers should preserve and enhance the therapeutic elements of the nurse-patient interaction rather than eliminate it through automation.

Strategies to implement multifactorial falls prevention interventions in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: One-third of the community-dwelling older persons fall annually. Guidelines recommend the use of multifactorial falls prevention interventions. However, these interventions are difficult to implement into the community. This systematic review aimed to explore strategies used to implement multifactorial falls prevention interventions into the community. METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, Web of Science (core collection), and Cochrane Library was performed and updated on the 25th of August, 2022. Studies reporting on the evaluation of implementation strategies for multifactorial falls prevention interventions in the community setting were included. Two reviewers independently performed the search, screening, data extraction, and synthesis process (PRISMA flow diagram). The quality of the included reports was appraised by means of a sensitivity analysis, assessing the relevance to the research question and the methodological quality (Mixed Method Appraisal Tool). Implementation strategies were reported according to Proctor et al.'s (2013) guideline for specifying and reporting implementation strategies and the Taxonomy of Behavioral Change Methods of Kok et al. (2016). RESULTS: Twenty-three reports (eighteen studies) met the inclusion criteria, of which fourteen reports scored high and nine moderate on the sensitivity analysis. All studies combined implementation strategies, addressing different determinants. The most frequently used implementation strategies at individual level were "tailoring," "active learning," "personalize risk," "individualization," "consciousness raising," and "participation." At environmental level, the most often described strategies were "technical assistance," "use of lay health workers, peer education," "increasing stakeholder influence," and "forming coalitions." The included studies did not describe the implementation strategies in detail, and a variety of labels for implementation strategies were used. Twelve studies used implementation theories, models, and frameworks; no studies described neither the use of a determinant framework nor how the implementation strategy targeted influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights gaps in the detailed description of implementation strategies and the effective use of implementation frameworks, models, and theories. The review found that studies mainly focused on implementation strategies at the level of the older person and healthcare professional, emphasizing the importance of "tailoring," "consciousness raising," and "participation" in the implementation process. Studies describing implementation strategies at the level of the organization, community, and policy/society show that "technical assistance," "actively involving stakeholders," and "forming coalitions" are important strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020187450.

Design, delivery and evaluation of a simulation-based workshop for health professional students on falls prevention in acute care settings.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the design, delivery and evaluation outcomes of a simulation-based educational workshop to teach a patient-centred falls prevention strategy to health professional students tasked with implementing the strategy during clinical placement. BACKGROUND: Falls are among the most common and costly threat to patient safety. The Safe Recovery Programme (SRP) is an evidence-based, one-to-one communication approach with demonstrated efficacy at preventing falls in the postgraduate context. Simulation-based education (SBE) is commonly used to address issues of patient safety but has not been widely incorporated into falls prevention. METHODS: This study was a Pre-Post-test intervention design. Health professional students were taught how to deliver the SRP in an SBE workshop. The workshop incorporated content delivery, role-play simulations and interactions with a simulated patient. Students completed surveys immediately before and after the workshop and after clinical placement. Linear and logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify differences within each pairwise comparison at the three time points. Qualitative free text responses underwent content analysis. RESULTS: There were 178 students trained. The educational design of the programme described in this paper was highly valued by students. Following the workshop, students' falls knowledge increased and they correctly identified evidence-based strategies except bedrail use and patient sitters. Following clinical placement, fewer SBE students correctly identified evidence surrounding bed alarm use. Students became more confident about falls communication post-SBE; however, this confidence decreased postclinical placement. Motivation to implement the SRP decreased between postworkshop and postclinical placement time points. CONCLUSIONS: Falls research often includes educational components but previous studies have failed to adequately describe educational methods. Students learnt about best evidence falls prevention strategies using interactive educational methodologies with a workshop viewed by students as being well-designed and assisting their learning from theory to practice.While students valued the delivery of the SRP using SBE, confidence and motivation to implement falls strategies were not sustained following clinical placement. A programme of education including SBE can be used to support the delivery of falls-based education, but further research is needed to identify what factors may influence student's motivation and confidence to implement falls prevention strategies during clinical placement.

Prevenção de quedas em idosos: relato de experiência de formação em serviço para equipe de saúde da família / Prevention of falls in the elderly: report of experience of in-service training for the family health team / prevención de caídas en ancianos: relato de experiencia de capacitación en servicio para el equipo de salud de la familia

A transição demográfica com aumento da expectativa de vida tem colocado em evidência um importante problema de saúde pública: as quedas. As quedas provocam comprometimentos na vida dos idosos, mesmo as ocorrências com lesões de menor gravidade, podem deixar sequelas, produzir impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e colaboram para o aumento da morbidade, em algumas situações, mortalidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um curso de qualificação profissional sobre prevenção de quedas que acometem idosos, para profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família. O cenário de construção da proposta formativa foi o município de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com 52 profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família, a saber: quatro médicos, três enfermeiros, seis técnicos de enfermagem, três odontólogos, três auxiliares de consultório odontológico, vinte e um agentes comunitários de saúde, quatro fisioterapeutas, dois psicólogos, um terapeuta ocupacional, dois recepcionistas e três higienizadoras. A construção da proposta formativa foi alicerçada nos preceitos teóricos do Arco de Charles Maguerez: observação da realidade, pontos chaves, hipóteses de solução, teorização e aplicação a realidade. Foram realizadas ainda três oficinas formativas em três Unidades básicas de saúde, norteadas pelo método criativo sensível adaptado. Os preceitos éticos foram respeitados e o estudo teve parecer favorável sob o número 5.821.177. O desenvolvimento do curso de qualificação profissional teve duração total de 6 horas aula e estruturou-se em cinco momentos. Observação da realidade: foi realizado um encontro de sensibilização com a gestão, a respeito do tema do projeto, apresentação de dados relativos a morbimortalidade relacionado as quedas; pontos chave: foram contempladas as quedas em idosos como problema de Saúde Coletiva, abordados na primeira oficina formativa com dados pertinentes ao tema; hipóteses de solução: para estruturação do processo formativo foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados com vistas a construção do arcabouço teórico sobre a temática; teorização: foi realizada a segunda oficina formativa, oportunizou-se socialização de conhecimentos relacionados à ocorrência, causas, locais, consequências e/ou complicações decorrentes das quedas, bem como início da construção de um material didático sobre prevenção de quedas; aplicação a realidade: foi o momento de abordarmos a prevenção na prática, discutiu-se sobre o tema durante a terceira oficina formativa, bem como apresentou-se o material elaborado com a colaboração dos profissionais e apresentação do Setor de Prevenção de Quedas. O desenvolvimento da proposta formativa oportunizou ampliar conhecimentos sobre quedas e as formas de atuação multiprofissional, colaborando para integração entre os membros das equipes e consequentemente qualificando assistência e ações à saúde do idoso. Esse processo formativo gerou aplicabilidade de um material didático na prática dos processos de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família e criação de um serviço municipal de prevenção de quedas.

The demographic transition with increased life expectancy has highlighted an important public health problem: falls. Falls in the elderly cause impairments in the lives of the elderly, even occurrences with minor injuries, can leave sequelae, produce a significant impact on quality of life and contribute to increased morbidity, in some situations, mortality. This study aimed to develop a professional qualification course on the prevention of falls that affect the elderly, for professionals of the Family Health strategies. The construction scenario of the formative proposal was the municipality of Balneário Gaivota, State of Santa Catarina, in three Basic Health Units, with 52 professionals of the Family Health strategies, namely: four doctors, three nurses, six nursing technicians, three dentists, three dental office assistants, twenty-one community health agents, four physiotherapists, two psychologists, one occupational therapist, two receptionists and three sanitizers. The construction of the formative proposal was based on the theoretical precepts of Charles Maguerez's Arch: observation of reality, key points, hypotheses of solution, theorization and application to reality. Three training workshops were also held in three Basic Health Units, guided by the adapted sensitive creative method. The ethical precepts were respected and the study had a favorable opinion under the number 5,821,17. The development of the Professional Qualification Course had a total duration of 6 hours/class and was structured in five moments; Observation of reality: a sensitization meeting was held with the management, regarding the theme of the project, presentation of data related to morbidity and mortality related to falls; Key points: falls in the elderly were considered as a Collective Health problem, addressed in the first formative workshop with data pertinent to the theme; Hypotheses of solution: to structure the formative process, searches were carried out in databases with a view to the construction of the theoretical framework on the theme; Theorization: the second formative workshop was held, socialization of knowledge related to the occurrence, causes, places, consequences and/or complications resulting from falls was provided, as well as the beginning of the construction of a didactic material on fall prevention; Application to reality: It was the moment to address prevention in practice, it was discussed on the subject during the third formative workshop, as well as the material elaborated with the collaboration of the professionals and presentation of Sector of Prevention of Falls. The development of the formative proposal provided the opportunity to expand knowledge about falls and the forms of multiprofessional action, collaborating for integration among team members and consequently qualifying care and actions for the health of the elderly. This formative process generated the applicability of a didactic material in the practice of the work processes of the Family Health teams and the creation of a municipal service for the prevention of falls.

La transición demográfica con el aumento de la esperanza de vida ha puesto de relieve un importante problema de salud pública: las caídas. Las caídas causan deficiencias en la vida de los ancianos, incluso ocurrencias con lesiones leves, pueden dejar secuelas, producir un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida y contribuir al aumento de la morbilidad, en algunas situaciones, la mortalidad. Desarrollar un curso de cualificación profesional sobre prevención de caídas que afectan a personas mayores, para profesionales de estrategias de Salud de la Familia. Métodos: el escenario de construcción de la propuesta formativa fue la ciudad de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, en tres Unidades Básicas de Salud, con 52 profesionales de las estrategias Salud de la Familia, a saber: cuatro médicos, tres enfermeros, seis técnicos de enfermería, tres odontólogos, tres auxiliares de odontólogo, veintiún agentes comunitarios de salud, cuatro fisioterapeutas, dos psicólogos, un terapeuta ocupacional, dos recepcionistas y tres desinfectantes. La construcción de la propuesta formativa se basó en los preceptos teóricos del Arco de Carlos Maguérez: observación de la realidad, puntos clave, hipótesis de solución, teorización y aplicación a la realidad. También se realizaron tres talleres de capacitación en tres unidades básicas de salud, guiados por el método creativo sensible adaptado. Se respetaron los preceptos éticos y el estudio tuvo una opinión favorable bajo el número 5.821.177. Resultados: el desarrollo del curso de cualificación profesional tuvo una duración total de 6 horas/clase y se estructuró en cinco momentos. Observación de la realidad: se realizó una reunión de sensibilización con la dirección, sobre el tema del proyecto, presentación de datos relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con las caídas; Puntos clave: las caídas en los ancianos fueron consideradas como un problema de Salud Colectiva, abordado en el primer taller de capacitación con datos pertinentes al tema; Hipótesis de solución: Para estructurar el proceso de formación, se realizó una investigación en bases de datos con el objetivo de construir el marco teórico sobre el tema; Teorización: se realizó el segundo taller formativo, se brindó socialización de conocimientos relacionados con la ocurrencia, causas, lugares, consecuencias y/o complicaciones resultantes de caídas, así como el inicio de la construcción de un material didáctico sobre prevención de caídas; Aplicación a la realidad: fue el momento de abordar la prevención en la práctica, el tema se discutió durante el tercer taller de capacitación, así como el material elaborado con la colaboración de profesionales y se presentó la presentación del Sector de Prevención de Caídas. El desarrollo de la propuesta formativa brindó la oportunidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre las caídas y las formas de acción multiprofesional, colaborando para la integración entre los miembros del equipo y, en consecuencia, calificando los cuidados y acciones para la salud de las personas mayores. Este proceso formativo generó la aplicabilidad de un material didáctico en la práctica de los procesos de trabajo de los equipos de Salud de la Familia y la creación de un servicio municipal para la prevención de caídas.