Innovation for Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Entrepreneurship and innovation are cornerstones of the economy and move healthcare forward. Most physicians have little experience or knowledge in developing and commercializing novel concepts and ideas. It is important to focus on structured thinking concepts, fundraising, intellectual property, FDA regulations, and initial incorporation and teambuilding strategies. There are various aspects of creating ideas and moving them from notes scribbled on a napkin to a product or service, which can then be integrated into the economic fabric of the healthcare system. Surgeon founders and innovators can then share key aspects any surgeon should consider when becoming an entrepreneur.

STATE OBLIGATIONS IN PROVISION OF THE PRIMARY PHYSICIAN'S RIGHT TO MEDICAL PRACTICE AS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LIGHT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN UKRAINE.

In the article issues of state obligations to ensure the right of a doctor- entrepreneur providing primary medical care to such a type of business activity in the healthcare sector as general medical practice are under study. The attention is focused on the fact that the relevance of the research of this issue is challenged by the lack of comprehensive theoretical investigations, as well as practical necessity in the light of the transformation of the healthcare system of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that in 2018 the National Health Service of Ukraine was established as the central executive body. The having existed model for paying for every single place in the hospital in Ukraine is being replaced by a new model for financing the health system. The National Health Service of Ukraine being the Budget distributor implements basic principle of the medical reform "money goes after the patient". The commanding-administrative model of relations has been replaced by a contractual one: The National Health Service of Ukraine pays for the provision of guaranteed package of primary medical care services along with medical institutions and doctors as individual-entrepreneurs having become partners of the Service. The purpose of the article is to identify the obligations of the state to ensure the right of a doctor being individual-entrepreneur providing primary medical care to carry out such a type of business activity in the healthcare sector as general medical practice in the light of the transformation of the Ukrainian healthcare system. The object of the study is social relations that arise when the state ensures the right of doctors-entrepreneurs providing primary medical care. The methodological basis of the study is the general and special methods of scientific knowledge (formal logical method, comparative legal, structural logical). The system of obligations of the state to ensure the right of doctors-entrepreneurs having become partners of the National Health Service of Ukraine carrying out such a type of business activity in the healthcare sector as general medical practice is determined. The legal and organizational mechanisms for ensuring this right are analyzed. The assessment of their effectiveness is given. Attention is paid on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which is the source of law for member-states of the European Council. The concepts of "legitimate anticipation" or "legitimate expectation" are analyzed, which often relate to government payments that depend on economic and social policies in each sphere. It is argued that the doctor-entrepreneur having become a partner of the Service, has a "legal anticipation" so that funds should be transferred to his bank account on the basis of declarations signed with patients to provide them with a package of primary medical care services guaranteed to these patients. The state is obliged to provide such payments. If payments fail to be provided, the county's economic, social, or health policy cannot be an excuse for the state.

Physician' entrepreneurship explained: a case study of intra-organizational dynamics in Dutch hospitals and specialty clinics.

BACKGROUND: Challenges brought about by developments such as continuing market reforms and budget reductions have strained the relation between managers and physicians in hospitals. By applying neo-institutional theory, we research how intra-organizational dynamics between physicians and managers induce physicians to become entrepreneurs by starting a specialty clinic. In addition, we determine the nature of this change by analyzing the intra-organizational dynamics in both hospitals and clinics. METHODS: For our research, we interviewed a total of fifteen physicians and eight managers in four hospitals and twelve physicians and seven managers in twelve specialty clinics. RESULTS: We found evidence that in becoming entrepreneurs, physicians are influenced by intra-organizational dynamics, including power dependence, interest dissatisfaction, and value commitments, between physicians and managers as well as among physicians' groups. The precise motivation for starting a new clinic can vary depending on the medical or business logic in which the entrepreneurs are embedded, but also the presence of an entrepreneurial nature or nurture. Finally we found that the entrepreneurial process of starting a specialty clinic is a process of sedimented change or hybridized professionalism in which elements of the business logic are added to the existing logic of medical professionalism, leading to a hybrid logic. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for policy at both the national and hospital level. Shared ownership and aligned incentives may provide the additional cement in which the developing entrepreneurial values are 'glued' to the central medical logic.

Cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset.

Now as never before, familiar challenges require bold, novel approaches. Registered dietitians will benefit by cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset that involves being comfortable with uncertainty, learning to take calculated risks, and daring to just try it. An entrepreneur is someone who takes risks to create something new, usually in business. But the entrepreneurial mindset is available to anyone prepared to rely only on their own abilities for their economic security and expect no opportunity without first creating value for others.

Awakening the entrepreneur within: Entrepreneurial identity aspiration and the role of displacing work events.

This study develops and tests a model of the transition from paid employment to entrepreneurship using a sample of 226 adults currently in paid employment. Building on a seminal but largely untested insight from Shapero (1975), we used theoretical logic from event system theory to propose that displacing work events moderate the effect of entrepreneurial identity aspirations, a possible-self role identity, on engagement in nascent entrepreneurial activities (discovery and exploitation behaviors). Results show that entrepreneurial identity aspirations were more strongly positively related to entrepreneurial discovery behaviors among employees who experienced a displacing work event in their current workplace; discovery behaviors in turn related to entrepreneurial exploitation behaviors. The moderation effect was significant for four of the six displacing events examined in this study. Our findings have implications for the literatures on entrepreneurial career transitions, entrepreneurial role identity, and event system theory and offer validity evidence for the nascent entrepreneurial behaviors scale. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Physician entrepreneur: lessons learned in raising capital for biomedical innovation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The funding landscape for medical devices is becoming increasingly difficult and complex. The purpose of this article is to provide the physician entrepreneur with a review of the main sources of capital available to fund the development and commercialization of biomedical innovations, and to highlight some of the important nuances of these funding sources that the physician entrepreneur should consider. RECENT FINDINGS: The article examines the benefits and drawbacks of funding from venture capital firms, grants, friends and family, angel investors, incubators and industry partners from the perspective of the physician entrepreneur, and provides some key points to consider when selecting and working with an investor. The article's recommendations include: in selecting an investor, seek those whose investment thesis, areas of expertise and desired company stage (early vs. late) match the technology and the objectives of the company. In negotiating with an investor, an effective way to increase the company's valuation is to bring multiple bidders to the table. In working with an investor, respect junior staff members as much as senior partners and be wary of conflicts of interest with venture capital entrepreneurs-in-residence. SUMMARY: There are both advantages and disadvantages to each of the funding sources examined here, and the choice of a funding partner depends significantly on the stage of development (in both corporate and technology) of the physician entrepreneur's venture and the role that the physician entrepreneur desires to play in it.

Developing a social enterprise through right to request.

The 'right to request' the authority to run healthcare services was introduced by the previous government so that staff can respond to the needs of local communities by setting up social enterprises. This article explains how the right to request works in practice by describing how a social enterprise was set up in Bromley, Kent.

Is Consulting in Your Future?

Nurses' expertise, developed over time and through education, positions them to assume new careers such as independent nurse consultants. Although it's an exciting proposition, nurses may not understand what it means to be a consultant, know whether consulting is a good fit for them, or be familiar with how to establish and run a consulting business. This article defines consulting, discusses key competencies, and presents important considerations for starting and running a consulting business. Selected resources to assist in developing skills as a nurse consultant are also provided.

Entrepreneurship in Nursing: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate in the national and international literature the concept and typologies of entrepreneurship in Nursing. METHOD: Integrative review in six databases, with the descriptors entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem and enfermeira, making a final sample of 31 articles. RESULTS: The concept of entrepreneurship in Nursing is related to personal and professional characteristics, such as autonomy, independence, flexibility, innovation, proactivity, self-confidence and responsibility. The typologies found were: social and business entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism of social mobilization and transformation, entrepreneurship is one in which nurses are autonomous professionally and intrapreneurship relates to corporate entrepreneurs. CONCLUSION: Entrepreneurship can increase the visibility of the profession and foster the creation of new spaces for nurses.

Pharmapreneur - Defining a Framework for Entrepreneurship in Pharmacy Education.

Objective. To determine the role of entrepreneurism within the broader missions of schools of pharmacy and develop an educational framework to produce pharmacist entrepreneurs. Methods. Following a systematic review and six semi-structured interviews, a three-round Delphi process was conducted with an expert panel comprised of successful entrepreneurs, pharmacy faculty members and administrators, students, and community members. Participants were asked about the role of entrepreneurship in a pharmacy school's mission, how they would define a pharmacist entrepreneur, and to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) expected to be successful as a pharmacist entrepreneur. A model for entrepreneur education was also developed in accordance with Bloom's taxonomy. Participant agreement and rankings were reported. Results. Based on the semi-structured interviews and the results from the Delphi process, the following framework for a pharmacist entrepreneur was proposed along with a list of KSAs: identifies, creates, and pursues new opportunities; successfully implements new ideas into practice; is willing to take risks; fills unmet needs; creates new value through innovation; is responsive to change; makes sacrifices; includes social and intrapreneurship; leverages existing knowledge, skills, and resources; goes beyond traditional roles for pharmacists; and improves patient care. Recommendations for entrepreneurship instruction, guided by Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive processes, were created. Conclusion. According to our expert panel, a pharmacist entrepreneur combines several characteristics identified with a more traditional entrepreneur construct with the characteristics of an individual devoted to achieving outcomes beyond one's personal gain. Additional research to inform implementation and assessment of entrepreneurship within pharmacy curricula would provide more specific guidance for instructional design and accreditation evaluations.

Empreendedorismo na Enfermagem em Estomaterapia: Aspectos Potencializadores de Atuação no Mercado de Trabalho / Entrepreneurship in Stomal Therapy Nursing: Potential Aspects of Performance in the Labor Market / Emprendimiento en Enfermería Estomaterápica: Aspectos Potenciales de Desempeño en el Mercado Laboral

Objetivo:Analisar os aspectos potencializadores descritos por enfermeiros estomaterapeutas para realização de atividades empreendedoras. Método: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2020, com 26 estomaterapeutas empreendedores, apoiado na técnica não probabilística conhecida como snowball, ou bola de neve. Os dados coletados foram transcritos de forma integral e, posteriormente, tratados, aplicando-se a técnica de análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram relacionados temas que perpassaram pela percepção de potencializadores do empreendedorismo na estomaterapia, como a demanda do mercado e o vasto campo empreendedor da especialidade; a experiência clínica; a importância da indicação por outros pacientes e profissionais; a influência das mídias sociais e o sentimento de satisfação com o desenvolvimento da atividade laboral. Conclusão: A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que os potencializadores citados podem ser reflexo da reduzida oferta de serviços públicos especializados à população, ampliando-se a busca por tais especialistas de forma particular, tanto pela indicação de outros pacientes e profissionais quanto pela busca nas mídias sociais, o que expande os campos de atuação do estomaterapeuta e pode trazer maior satisfação com seu trabalho enquanto especialistas

Objective:To analyze the potentiating aspects of entrepreneurial activities described by stomal therapist nurses. Method: Qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study, carried out through semi-structured interviews, between January and April 2020, with 26 enterprising stoma therapists, supported by the non-probabilistic technique known as snowball. The collected data were fully transcribed and subsequently treated, applying the thematic content analysis technique. Results: Topics that pervaded the perception of entrepreneurship potential in stomatherapy were related, such as market demand and the vast entrepreneurial field of the specialty; clinical experience; the importance of indication by other patients and professionals; the influence of social media and the feeling of satisfaction with the development of the work activity. Conclusion: The analysis of the data allowed us to conclude that the cited potentiators may be a reflection of the reduced supply of specialized public services to the population, expanding the search for such specialists in a particular way, both by referring other patients and professionals and by searching through the social media, which expands the fields of action of the stoma therapist and can bring more satisfaction with their work as specialists.

Objetivo:Analizar los aspectos potenciadores de las actividades emprendedoras descritos por enfermeros estomaterapeutas. Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio, realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, entre enero y abril de 2020, con 26 estomaterapeutas emprendedores, apoyados en la técnica no probabilística conocida como "Bola de Nieve". Los datos recogidos fueron transcritos íntegramente y posteriormente tratados, aplicando la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se relacionaron temas que impregnaron la percepción de los potenciadores del emprendimiento en estomaterapia, como la demanda del mercado y el vasto campo empresarial de la especialidad, la experiencia clínica, la importancia de la indicación por parte de otros pacientes y profesionales, la influencia de las redes sociales y el sentimiento de satisfacción con lo que haces. Conclusión: El análisis de los datos permite concluir que los citados potenciadores pueden ser reflejo de la reducida oferta de servicios públicos especializados a la población, ampliando de manera particular la búsqueda de estos profesionales, tanto por la derivación de otros pacientes y profesionales como por la búsqueda a través de las redes sociales, que amplían los campos de actuación del profesional y pueden traer más satisfacción con su trabajo como especialistas.