An overview of interventions used across the life span to support transitions of those with a neurological condition: A systematic review of reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically appraise published reviews on interventions used to support transitions for individuals with neurological conditions. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, The Allied and Complementary Medicine, AMED, PsycINFO, Cochrane database of systematic reviews and Web of Science were searched between 31st December 2010 and 15th September 2022. METHOD: The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. The quality and risk of bias were measured using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 and the Risk Of Bias In Systematic reviews' tool. All types of reviews which involved participants with neurological conditions were included. RESULTS: Seven reviews met the inclusion criteria. A total of 172 studies were included in the reviews. Effectiveness of transition interventions could not be calculated due to the lack of data. The findings suggested that the use of health applications may be beneficial by increasing self-management capabilities and disease knowledge. Education and clear communication between healthcare providers and recipients may also have positive impacts on quality of life. Risk of bias was found to be high in four of the reviews. Four reviews had low or critically low levels of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of published evidence on interventions used to support the transitions of individuals with neurological conditions and the effect that these have on quality of life.

A Dynamic Structural Equation Approach to Modeling Wage Dynamics and Cumulative Advantage across the Lifespan.

Wages and wage dynamics directly affect individuals' and families' daily lives. In this article, we show how major theoretical branches of research on wages and inequality-that is, cumulative advantage (CA), human capital theory, and the lifespan perspective-can be integrated into a coherent statistical framework and analyzed with multilevel dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM). This opens up a new way to empirically investigate the mechanisms that drive growing inequality over time. We demonstrate the new approach by making use of longitudinal, representative U.S. data (NLSY-79). Analyses revealed fundamental between-person differences in both initial wages and autoregressive wage growth rates across the lifespan. Only 0.5% of the sample experienced a "strict" CA and unbounded wage growth, whereas most individuals revealed logarithmic wage growth over time. Adolescent intelligence and adult educational levels explained substantial heterogeneity in both parameters. We discuss how DSEM may help researchers study CA processes and related developmental dynamics, and we highlight the extensions and limitations of the DSEM framework.

Endogenous longevity and optimal tax progressivity.

We study the impact of endogenous longevity on optimal tax progressivity and inequality in an overlapping generations model with skill heterogeneity. Higher tax progressivity decreases both the longevity gap and net income inequality, but at the expense of lower average lifetime and income. We find that the welfare-maximizing income tax is less progressive in our model with endogenous longevity than in our model with exogenous longevity. In a highly stylized calibration of the US economy, we show that optimal tax progressivity is less than what prevails under the current US tax system. Our results are robust to the range of empirical labor supply elasticity and the assumptions of missing annuity markets and stochastic health. Our conclusion for the optimal progressivity of the US tax system can be altered by the adoption of a more egalitarian welfare function or by increases in prevailing levels of wage inequality.

Marketing y cuidadores del adulto mayor / Marketing and caregivers for the elderly

Las personas adultas mayores (PAM) como sujetos de derecho, tienen múltiples necesidades de apoyo en las diferentes esferas físicas, psicosociales y espirituales. Por lo general, éstas se resuelven mediante la figura del cuidador, definido como la persona con formación teórica e instrumental para satisfacer las demandas mencionadas. En la dimensión sociodemográfica los requerimientos de la población se correlacionan con la transición demográfica, manifestada por la reducción de la fecundidad y mortalidad de la población en general; por consiguiente, acrecentar la esperanza de vida y longevidad de la población.1 El incremento de PAM en México, implica el aumento de demanda de servicios2 de cuidado y mantenimiento de la funcionalidad del adulto mayor (AM). Desde otro panorama, el marketing ofrece grandes beneficios a los prestadores de cuidados para maximizar la satisfacción de los consumidores y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas; es vital establecer un grado de conocimiento de los cuidadores sobre la mercadotecnia y se apoye para determinar sus niveles de aplicabilidad en el ámbito asistencial del AM, con la finalidad de incorporar nuevas destrezas a los cuidadores de PAM, promocionar el cuidado a domicilio, la participación de profesionales de otras disciplinas que capaciten a los cuidadores en diversas áreas del cuidado3 para mejorar el capital humano ofrecido a organizaciones gerontológicas.

Older adults (OA) as subjects of law, have multiple needs for support in different physical, psychosocial and spiritual spheres. In general, these are resolved through the figure of the caregiver, defined as the person with theoretical and instrumental training to satisfy the aforementioned demands. In the sociodemographic dimension, the population's requirements are correlated with the demographic transition, manifested by the reduction in fertility and mortality of the population in general; consequently, increase the life expectancy and longevity of the population.1 The increase in MAP in Mexico implies an increase in demand for services2 for the care and maintenance of the functionality of the elderly (OA). From another perspective, marketing offers great benefits to caregivers to maximize consumer satisfaction and improve people's quality of life; It is vital to establish a degree of knowledge of caregivers about marketing and support to determine its levels of applicability in the field of OA care, in order to incorporate new skills to MAP caregivers, promote home care, participation professionals from other disciplines who train caregivers in various areas of care3 to improve the human capital offered to gerontological organizations.

Capacidade funcional de idosos longevos amazônicos / La estrategia de salud de la familia en la ciudad de São Paulo y las atribuciones del enfermero / Functional capacity of the amazonian long-lived elderly people

Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade funcional dos idosos longevos da zona urbana de um município do Estado do Amazonas.Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 135 idosos longevos cadastrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde em um município do Amazonas, no período de dezembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram predominância do sexo feminino (61,5%) e a faixa etária entre 80 a 89 (79,3%). Com relação as Atividades Básicas, verificou-se um maior frequência de independência nas eliminações intestinais (88, 1 %) e menor para dependência para escada (38,5%). Quanto às atividades instrumentais, houve uma alta independência por parte dos idosos na administração do consumo de remédios (51, 1 %), enquanto a dependência total foi maior para lavar e passar roupas (44,4%). Conclusão: avaliar a capacidade funcional dos idosos permite um conhecimento sobre seus impasses na realização de suas necessidades básicas e mostra as dificuldades enfrentadas por eles.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the functional capacity of older elderly people in the urban area of a municipality in theState of Amazonas. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, conducted with 135 long-lived elderly registered in Basic Health Units in a municipality in Amazonas, from December 2019 to February 2020. Results: The results showed a predominance of females (61.5 %) and the age group between 80 and 89 (79.3%). Regarding the Basic Activities, there was a higher frequency of independence in intestinal eliminations (88.1 %) and a lower frequency for dependence on stairs (38.5%). As for instrumental activities, there was a high degree of independence on the part of the elderly in administering medication consumption (51.1 %), while total dependence was greater for washing and ironing clothes (44.4%). Conclusion: evaluating the functional capacity of the elderly allows a better understanding of their impasses in meeting their basic needs and shows the difficulties faced them.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores longevos en el área urbana de un município dei Estadode Amazonas. Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 135 adultos mayores longevos registrados en Unidades Básicas de Salud de un município de Amazonas, de diciembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un predomínio dei sexo femenino (61,5%) y el grupo de edad entre 80 y 89 (79,3%). Con respecto a las Actividades Básicas, hubo mayor frecuencia de independencia en las eliminaciones intestinales (88, 1 %) y menor frecuencia por dependencia de escalera (38,5%). En cuanto a las actividades instrumentales, hubo un alto grado de independencia por parte de los ancianos en la administración dei consumo de medicamentos (51, 1 %), mientras que la dependencia total fue mayor para el lavado y planchado de rapa (44,4%). Conclusión: evaluar la capacidad funcional de los ancianos permite conocer sus impasses en la satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas y muestra las dificultades que enfrentan(AU)

The longevity of gerontologists.

The forces of mortality are the prime determinants of longevity. Longevity is a basic consideration of gerontology and includes the life expectancy of the species, the average expectancy of survival at birth, and the average of lifespan. In the history of the study of old age, for which the modern period began about 1930, there are no reports of the average lifespan for the students of aging. A survey revealed that the average lifespan of 28 special groups (15,000 individuals) was 68 years; this included an average of 68.01 years for 394 gerontologists during the same eras. These figures are comparable because the attainment of a particular status in a profession or vocation is evidence of survival to maturity. Comparison could not be made with data for the general population whose vital statistics begin at birth. The average duration of life for men whose work in part or in whole prior to the 20th century was in gerontology falls midway between the high level of 77 years for classical Greek authors and the low level of 51 years for revolutionary statesmen, and exactly between the levels of life duration for eunuchs and physical and medical scientists.

[Longevity of physicians and medical scientists born from 1880 to 1904]. / Dlugosc zycia lekarzy i samodzielnych pracowników nauk medycznych urodzonych w latach 1880-1904.

Analysis of biographies of 319 physicians (302 men and 17 women) born from 1880 to 1904, who died from natural causes, was carried out on the basis of annals of medical universities in Poland. Due to small number of women they were excluded from further analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in duration of life between medical scientists- professors, Ph.D. (n = 212, mean = 73.9 +/- 10 yrs) and physicians with the doctor's degree or without any scientific degrees (n = 90, mean = 72.6 +/- 11.4) and among medical scientists working in different fields--basic research (n = 42, mean = 75.1 +/- 9.7), non-invasive disciplines (n = 64, mean = 72.0 +/- 9.9), surgical disciplines (n = 89, mean = 74.4 +/- 11.0), disciplines with limited contact with patients (n = 17, mean = 75.8 +/- 9.0). Average life expectancy at the age of sixty in the whole examined group (16.1 +/- 8.6 yrs) was not statistically different from the general population of men born in the same period (15.1 yrs).

Replacement ratio redux.

Disconnects between what employees need and expect to receive during retirement and what employer-sponsored plans provide can create workforce issues with important implications. By creating a model that analyzes the spend-down phase of retirement, the authors provide a framework for better understanding what employees will need to save during their working lifetimes.

The contribution of Home Care to the construction of health care networks from the perspective of health professionals and elderly users / Atenção Domiciliar e sua contribuição para a construção das Redes de Atenção à Saúde sob a óptica de seus profissionais e de usuários idosos

Abstract Objective: Analyze Home Care (AD) contribution to the consolidation of Health Care Networks(RAS) from the viewpoint of professionals and elderly users. Method: Qualitative research, through a semi-structured questionnaire, was carried out.Six professionals were included, by draw, each of them from an occupational category of Home Care Service in Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil, and also 34 users aged over 60 years-old, conscious and oriented, engaged for, at least one year to AD, carrying HAS and DM simultaneously. Results: Subjects' profile - six professionals, five of them with higher education and one with technical education; average age 39, working in Home Care for approximately two years. Users were predominantly women, aged from 60 to 69 years-old, mostly married and with primary education. Data were categorized: Integrality of Health Care; Home Care and access to other health services; Training and skills in Home Care. It was observed integration among professionals of the sector, valuing biopsychosocial context and guiding actions in the care process. However, deficiency in intersectional articulation was detected. Conclusion: Co-responsibility, training and professional skills were related to an efficient service. Results showed that a humanized approach, bonding, and the effective participation of caregivers and families favor the execution of a therapeutic project and rehabilitation. Home care interconnects RAS points: de-hospitalization guides health care flow. Nevertheless, RAS members' awareness of Home Care practice, professional training and empowerment of caregivers should be improved.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da Atenção Domiciliar (AD) para a construção das Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) sob a óptica de profissionais e de usuários idosos. Método: Investigação qualitativa, aplicando roteiro semiestruturado. Foram incluídos seis profissionais, através de sorteio, sendo um de cada categoria do Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil e 34 usuários maiores de 60 anos, conscientes e orientados, com acompanhamento mínimo de um ano pela AD e portadores de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Resultados: Descrevem o perfil dos sujeitos - seis profissionais que atuam na AD, cinco de nível superior e um de ensino técnico; média de 39 anos; atuando no serviço há aproximadamente dois anos. Nos usuários, predominam: faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos; mulheres; ensino fundamental; casados. Os dados estão categorizados em: Integralidade dos Cuidados em Saúde; AD e o acesso aos demais serviços de saúde; Equipe interdisciplinar, Capacitação e habilidades em AD. Constatou-se integração entre profissionais, valorizando o contexto biopsicossocial e ações norteadoras do processo do cuidar, promovendo troca de saberes. Foi detectada deficiência na articulação intersetorial. Conclusão: Corresponsabilização, capacitação e habilidades dos profissionais relacionam-se com atendimento eficiente. Abordagem humanizada, vínculo e participação de cuidadores e familiares otimizam projeto terapêutico e reabilitação. AD interliga pontos das RAS: desospitalização norteia fluxo assistencial. Contudo, conscientização dos integrantes das RAS quanto à prática da AD, capacitação profissional e empoderamento de cuidadores devem ser aprimorados.

Repercussões do toque terapêutico na qualidade de vida de cuidadores formais de idosos / Repercussions of the therapeutic touch in the quality of life of formal caregivers of elderly

O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar as repercussões do toque terapêutico na qualidade de vida de cuidadores formais de idosos, e caracterizar as condições sociodemográficas e o perfil de saúde desses cuidadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva do tipo experimental e abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos no município de Vitória da Conquista/BA, sendo a amostra representada por 4 cuidadores de idosos. O instrumento da pesquisa foi constituído de dados sociodemográficos e uso do Whoqol-bref, utilizado antes e após o toque terapêutico. O toque terapêutico foi realizado na instituição de longa permanência, onde foram realizadas 6 sessões de massagem relaxante em cada cuidador, com utilização de creme ultradeslizante e música relaxante no momento do procedimento. Em relação às condições sociodemográficas das cuidadoras, foi analisado que há uma prevalência de mulheres e com escolaridade até o ensino médio. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida antes do toque terapêutico constatou-se que os domínios de menores médias foram os domínios psicológico e meio ambiente. Após o toque terapêutico, observou-se que as médias de todos os domínios da qualidade de vida foram mais elevadas. Observou-se que o toque terapêutico realizado através da massagem relaxante foi bastante eficaz na qualidade de vida das cuidadoras, onde todos os aspectos avaliados, sendo estes, físico, relações sociais, psicológico e meio ambiente tiveram uma melhora significativa. (AU)

The objective of this study was to investigate the repercussions of the therapeutic touch on the quality of life of formal caregivers of elderly, and to characterize the sociodemographic conditions and the health profile of these caregivers. This was an exploratory descriptive research of experimental type and quantitative approach. The study was performed in a longterm institution for elderly in the city of Vitória da Conquista/BA, and the sample was represented by 4 elderly caregivers. The research instrument consisted of socio-demographic data and use of Whoqol-bref, used before and after the therapeutic touch. The therapeutic touch was performed at the long-stay institution, where 6 relaxing massage sessions were performed in each caregiver, using ultra-thin cream and relaxing music at the time of the procedure. Regarding the sociodemographic conditions of caregivers, there was a prevalence of women with high school level. The evaluation of the quality of life before the therapeutic touch verified that the domains of smaller means were the psychological and environmental. After the therapeutic touch, the averages of all domains of quality of life were higher. The therapeutic touch performed through the relaxing massage was quite effective in the quality of life of the caregivers, where all aspects evaluated, physical, social, psychological and environmental relations, had a significant increase. (AU)