[Prevention of noncommunicable diseases in a local therapist's practice: content, problems, solution ways, and prospects].

High-risk and secondary prevention strategies for noncommunicable diseases in primary health care are mainly implemented by local therapists. The large-scale clinical examination of an adult population (a high-risk strategy), which has been launched in the country since 2013 to solve the problems of detecting people with noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors and making a prevention counseling, is simultaneously a mechanism for the formation of a full therapeutic area passport to identify follow-up groups (a secondary prevention strategy). Currently, there is an obviously insufficient follow-up of inadequate quality. The reasons for this situation are a lack of regular training of local doctors in follow-up in addition to staff shortages. Medical teachers and professional communities working on the basis of common guidelines must be attracted to solve this problem. The actual introduction of a local therapist's efficient performance measures, the setting up of special structures in charge of primary care prevention in the health authorities, and the active involvement of medical prevention and health centers (for people at high risk in the absence of proven non-communicable diseases) in this process will be able to enhance the efficiency of a follow-up. Information technologies, including a tele-follow-up, are an important reserve in implementing the high-risk and secondary prevention strategies.

Assessment of Physician Priorities in Delivery of Preventive Care.

Importance: Primary care physicians have limited time to discuss preventive care, but it is unknown how they prioritize recommended services. Objective: To understand primary care physicians' prioritization of preventive services. Design, Setting, and Participants: This online survey was administered to primary care physicians in a large health care system from March 17 to May 12, 2017. Physicians were asked whether they prioritize preventive services and which factors contribute to their choice (5-point Likert scale). Results were analyzed from July 8, 2017, to September 19, 2019. Exposures: A 2 × 2 factorial design of 2 hypothetical patients: (1) a 50-year-old white woman with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, a 30-pack-year history of smoking, and a family history of breast cancer; and (2) a 45-year-old black man with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, a 30-pack-year history of smoking, and a family history of colorectal cancer. Two visit lengths (40 minutes vs 20 minutes) were given. Each patient was eligible for at least 11 preventive services. Main Outcomes and Measures: Physicians rated their likelihood of discussing each service during the visit and reported their top 3 priorities for patients 1 and 2. Physician choices were compared with the preventive services most likely to improve life expectancy, using a previously published mathematical model. Results: Of 241 physicians, 137 responded (57%), of whom 74 (54%) were female and 85 (62%) were younger than 50 years. Physicians agreed they prioritized preventive services (mean score, 4.27 [95% CI, 4.12-4.42] of 5.00), mostly by ability to improve quality (4.56 [95% CI, 4.44-4.68] of 5.00) or length (4.53 [95% CI, 4.40-4.66] of 5.00) of life. Physicians reported more prioritization in the 20- vs 40-minute visit, indicating that they were likely to discuss fewer services during the shorter visit (median, 5 [interquartile range {IQR}, 3-8] vs 11 [IQR, 9-13] preventive services for patient 1, and 4 [IQR, 3-6] vs 9 [IQR, 8-11] for patient 2). Physicians reported similar top 3 priorities for both patients: smoking cessation, hypertension control, and glycemic control for patient 1 and smoking cessation, hypertension control, and colorectal cancer screening for patient 2. Physicians' top 3 priorities did not usually include diet and exercise or weight loss (ranked in their top 3 recommendations for either patient by only 48 physicians [35%]), although these were among the 3 preventive services most likely to improve life expectancy based on the mathematical model. Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study, physicians prioritized preventive services under time constraints, but priorities did not vary across patients. Physicians did not prioritize lifestyle interventions despite large potential benefits. Future research should consider whether physicians and patients would benefit from guidance on preventive care priorities.

Michigan's fee-for-value physician incentive program reduces spending and improves quality in primary care.

As policy makers and others seek to reduce health care cost growth while improving health care quality, one approach gaining momentum is fee-for-value reimbursement. This payment strategy maintains the traditional fee-for-service arrangement but includes quality and spending incentives. We examined Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan's Physician Group Incentive Program, which uses a fee-for-value approach focused on primary care physicians. We analyzed the program's impact on quality and spending from 2008 to 2011 for over three million beneficiaries in over 11,000 physician practices. Participation in the incentive program was associated with approximately 1.1 percent lower total spending for adults (5.1 percent lower for children) and the same or improved performance on eleven of fourteen quality measures over time. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence about the potential effectiveness of models that align payment with cost and quality performance, and they demonstrate that it is possible to transform reimbursement within a fee-for-service framework to encourage and incentivize physicians to provide high-quality care, while also reducing costs.

Investigating the sustainability of careers in academic primary care in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: The UK Society for Academic Primary Care (SAPC) is re-examining the sustainability of careers in academic primary care (APC). The motivation for this is a number of significant changes within the context of APC since the last such investigation (SAPC, 2003). It is now timely to review the current situation. METHODS: As a first phase, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 SAPC members from different disciplines and career stages. RESULTS: Findings show that lack of clarity about APC career pathways persist, but important factors linked with sustainability were identified at individual and organisational levels. These include being proactive, developing resilience, mentorship and a positive organisational culture with a strong shared vision about why APC is important. FURTHER RESEARCH: Sustainability is undermined by funding difficulties, lack of integration of members of different APC disciplines, leading to disparities in career progression and lack of clarity about what APC is. Phase 2 will comprise a UK-wide survey.

Creencias, conocimientos y consumo de carne de pollo por parte de médicos que se desempeñan en instituciones de salud públicas y privadas / Beliefs and knowledge regarding chicken meat consumption by physicians working at public and private health institutions

Existe la creencia popular de que los pollos, durante su crianza, reciben hormonas para acelerar su desarrollo y así lograr, en forma rápida, un mayor peso. En la actualidad no existen estudios que avalen esta presunción. Objetivos: conocer y cuanti¬car la creencia referida, la frecuencia de consumo de pollo, las fuentes de información utilizadas para fundamentar las recomendaciones y la percepción de este producto como un alimento saludable.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Se entrevistaron 116 médicos de diferentes especialidades de instituciones de salud públicas y privadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y del Gran Buenos Aires, entre octubre de 2013 y abril de 2014. Se tabularon las 116 encuestas documentadas en un Excel con los datos registrados y se procedió al análisis estadístico utilizando el STATA y Excel. Resultados: el 98,3% de los médicos encuestados mencionó consumir pollo. De éstos, el 55,3% lo hacía dos o más veces por semana. Del total, el 79,3% lo consideró un alimento saludable ya sea por su valor nutricional (50%) o su bajo contenido de grasa (40,2%). El 60,3% recomendó pollo a sus pacientes por su valor nutricional (61,4%) y su bajo contenido lipídico (31,4%), mientras que un 16,4% lo desaconsejó, principalmente debido a la presencia de hormonas agregadas (73,7%, 14 médicos)...

There is a common belief in relation to chicken breeding, which is that they receive hormones in order to accelerate their growth and thus, obtain a fast weight gain. Currently, there are no studies supporting this assumption. Objetives: to evaluate and to quantify the evidence associated with physicians’ belief in relation to chicken, their frequency of consumption, the information sources used by physicians to support their recommendations and their perception of chicken as a healthy food.Materials and methods: we performed an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. 116 clinicians from different public and private health institutions in the city of Buenos Aires were interviewed between October 2013 and April 2014. Sampling was non-probabilistic by convenience. Results were tabulated in Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using STATA.Results: 98,3% of the physicians surveyed consume chicken, 55,3% of them consume chicken twice a week or more. 79,3% of the total consider it a healthy food, either due to its nutritional value (50%) or because it is low in fat (40,2%). 60,3% recommended chicken to their patients due to its nutritional value (61,4%) or because it is low in fat (31,4%), whereas 16,4% of them discourage its consumption, mainly because they consider that chicken has added hormones (73,7%, 14 physicians). Among physicians discouraging chicken consumption, mass media is the main source of information used to make their recommendations. On the …

Análise da implantação do programa mais médicos / Analysis of the implementation of more medical program

A Atenção Básica vem ampliando sua cobertura populacional de forma acelerada desde sua implantação no Brasil, na década de 1990. Em 20 anos, a Estratégia de Saúde da Família estendeu sua cobertura de 5% para 60%, mas a capacidade de formação de médicos para ocupar tais posições não se desenvolveu na mesma velocidade, assim como não se desenvolveram tecnologias suficientes para o planejamento adequado de recursos humanos em saúde. Neste contexto é lançado o Programa Mais Médicos em julho de 2013 com ênfase na vinda de milhares de médicos estrangeiros para atuar na Atenção Básica, causando grande reação negativa das entidades médicas com inúmeras disputas ideológicas e judiciais. Este trabalho se propõe a lançar um olhar sobre os elementos de tensão entre Entidades Médicas e Governo no processo de implantação do Programa Mais Médicos e estudar o processo de evolução da regulação da formação de especialistas no país, na modalidade Residência Médica. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa no formato de estudo exploratório, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, assim como uma abordagem quantitativa na análise dos números de vagas de residência médica no país, com análise estatística descritiva dos dados. Os resultados apontam para melhora na capacidade de regulação de vagas para formação de especialistas no Brasil nos últimos cinco anos, sobretudo com o advento do PRÓ-RESIDÊNCIA e outras políticas de incentivo de abertura de vagas. A Lei nº12.871/2013 também aponta para importante evolução nas ferramentas de gestão de recursos humanos em saúde, além de mudanças e maior rigor na aplicação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para formação de médicos no país, com importante ênfase na Atenção Básica. Os resultados...

The population coverage of Primary Care has increased rapidly since its implementation in Brazil in the 1990s. Over 20 years, the Family Health Strategy extended its coverage from 5% to 60%, but the ability to train doctors to occupy such positions did not develop at the same rate, and sufficient technology for the proper planning of human resources for health has not evolved. In this context, the Mais Médicos Program was launched in July 2013 with emphasis on the coming of thousands of foreign doctors to work in Primary Care, causing an overwhelmingly negative reaction by medical organisations with numerous ideological and legal disputes. This paper aims to cast an eye on the elements of tension between Medical Entities and Government in the implementation process of the Mais Médicos Program and to study the process of development of the regulations of training specialists in the country, in Medical Residency. Therefore, we chose a qualitative approach in the exploratory format of the research, using bibliographic and documentary research, as well as a quantitative approach in the analysis of the numbers of medical residency positions in the country, with descriptive statistical analysis. The results indicate improvement in the capacity to regulate positions for training specialists in Brazil in the last five years, particularly with the advent of PRO-RESIDÊNCIA and other vacancy incentive policies. Law no. 12.871/2013 also points to important developments in human resource management tools in health, as well as changes and stricter application of the National Curriculum Guidelines for training doctors in the country, with major emphasis on Primary Care. The results also suggest a lack of understanding, on the part of doctors, regarding the Mais Médicos Program in its entirety, not only in the immediate ...

Ni rebeldes ni insumisos: 10 razones para recordar el ser médico / No rebels or objectors: 10 reasons to remember why you became a doctor

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