[Prevention of noncommunicable diseases in a local therapist's practice: content, problems, solution ways, and prospects].

High-risk and secondary prevention strategies for noncommunicable diseases in primary health care are mainly implemented by local therapists. The large-scale clinical examination of an adult population (a high-risk strategy), which has been launched in the country since 2013 to solve the problems of detecting people with noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors and making a prevention counseling, is simultaneously a mechanism for the formation of a full therapeutic area passport to identify follow-up groups (a secondary prevention strategy). Currently, there is an obviously insufficient follow-up of inadequate quality. The reasons for this situation are a lack of regular training of local doctors in follow-up in addition to staff shortages. Medical teachers and professional communities working on the basis of common guidelines must be attracted to solve this problem. The actual introduction of a local therapist's efficient performance measures, the setting up of special structures in charge of primary care prevention in the health authorities, and the active involvement of medical prevention and health centers (for people at high risk in the absence of proven non-communicable diseases) in this process will be able to enhance the efficiency of a follow-up. Information technologies, including a tele-follow-up, are an important reserve in implementing the high-risk and secondary prevention strategies.

[Dietary intervention programs in the workplace: an effective prevention strategy]. / I programmi di intervento nutrizionale nei luoghi di lavoro: una interessante strategia preventiva.

The main purpose of our meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of workplace dietary intervention on several variables. We made a systematic literature search by selecting articles published up to September 2009. Only 18 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion criteria considered in our meta-analysis. Among the dietary variables there was significant difference between the two groups after the administration of nutritional intervention programs. A significant improvement was also observed between the anthropometric and metabolic variables. No significant change was instead documented in relation to functional variables (systolic and diastolic pressure). Workplace dietary intervention, improving nutritional, anthropometrical and metabolic variables, can be identified as effective prevention strategy toward chronic diseases.

Prevention as a Population Health Strategy.

Many health care systems are shifting to value-based care and beginning to integrate population-based strategies into care delivery. Preventive care is an important domain of this work. Properly applied, these services improve population health and reduce health care costs. Preventive care comprises a substantial proportion of quality metrics for which providers are held accountable. This article discusses prevention through a public health lens, highlighting opportunities in ambulatory care settings to collaborate with community-based organizations and community health workers, redefine primary care teams, and design population-based approaches to improve health.

Managing physical assault in a healthcare setting.

Violence is escalating in society, and it is increasingly recognized that caregivers in the healthcare setting are at risk. Workers who have had appropriate self-defense training are attacked less often, and they incur less serious injuries when they are attacked. Healthcare workers may exert reasonable force in self-defense, although the standard response to possible violence should be to prevent it or to talk one's way out of it, if possible. In this article, the author describes some basic self-defense techniques that healthcare workers can use if necessary.

Conocimiento y eficiencia de higiene de manos, un estudio comparativo entre enfermeras y médicos del INNN, de septiembre 2008 a junio 2009 / Knowledge and efficacy of hands hygiene, a comparative study between nurses and medical doctors at the INNN, from September 2008 to June 2009

El lavado de manos (LM), es la medida universal más efectiva y económica que se conoce para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas, para ello se requiere de agua corriente, jabón y toallas desechables, que en todas las salas de hospitalización existen, eficaz en la prevención de infecciones nosocomiales. Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento y eficiencia que tiene el personal de enfermería y médicos en el INNN en el lavado de manos. Material y métodos: tipo de diseño: descriptivo y comparativo. Universo: personal de enfermería y médicos del área de hospitalización del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía INNN. Muestra: se tomará una muestra convencional de eventos de lavado de manos en 42 enfermeras y 33 médicos. Criterios de inclusión: enfermeras y médicos del área de hospitalización que deseen participar en el estudio. Exclusión y eliminación: se eliminarán a los participantes que no contesten de manera correcta la escala y aquellos que no deseen participar en el estudio. Variable identificada: nivel de conocimiento sobre lavado de manos, eficiencia, categoría, modalidad de higiene de manos. Procesamiento de datos: mediante el programa SPSS versión 17.0. Recolección: escala tipo Lickert de 29 ítems con 0 .60 de alfa de Crombach. Recuento: en SPSS. Presentación: en cuadros de doble entrada y gráficas. Análisis de datos: en frecuencias relativas. Aspectos éticos: investigación que no implique procesos que comprometan la confidencialidad de los entrevistados.

The hand washing is the universal technique most effective and economic that is known to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, it requires running water, soap and disposables towels, in all the hospitalization rooms it’s the most economic and effective way to prevent nosocomial diseases. Objective: identify the knowledge and effectiveness that the nurse professional and physicians has inside the INNN. Material and methods: type of design: descriptive, comparative, Universe: Nurse professional from the National Neurosurgery and Neurological Institute INNN. Population: nurse professionals and physicians from the hospitalization area, sample: It be taken a conventional sample of hand washing events from 42 nurses and 33 physicians. Inclusion criteria: nurses and physicians from the hospitalization area. Elimination and exclusion: will disposed the cases that doesn’t respond in the correct way the scale. Identify variables: knowledge level about hand washing, effectiveness, category, hand washing mode. Data processing: through the program named SPSS 17.0 version. Recollection: Lickert scale of 29 items with 0.60 of Crombach alpha, Count. In SPSS, relative frequencies, Ethic aspects: the research doesn’t imply process that compromises the confidentiality of the interviewed people.

Prevención en Gerontología: El anciano y los problemas del cuidador / Gerontology prevention: Old and the problems of the caretaker

En gerontología hay cuatro formas de actuar que afectan de una forma directa al propio anciano; por un lado su entorno afectivo que sería el sistema informal de cuidados, que se dan por parte de algún familiar, más menos directo o podría ser por alguna persona amiga, el cual esta estructurado y a su vez es solidario, y por otro lado el sistema formal de cuidados, siendo este un sistema más extenso, pero menos estructurado, fluctuante y evolutivo, que son practicados por profesionales sanitarios. Para el geriatra gerontólogo lo fundamental es el Coste / Utilidad correspondiendo a esta relación, coste de un diagnóstico o terapéutica y la calidad de los años de vida ganados para el paciente anciano. Es importante señalar que el soporte psicológico a los cuidadores informales de una forma real y continuada, hace disminuir la institucionalización del paciente y mantiene al cuidador en una mejor forma emocional

In gerontology is has four forms to act that they affect of a direct form own the old one, by a side its affective surroundings that serious the informal system of cares, that occurs him on the part of family, but less direct or it can by some person friend, which this structured and is shared in common as well, and on the other hand the formal system of cares, being a this structured, fluctuating and evolutionary system but extensive, but less, that are practiced by sanitary professionals. For the geriatric gerontology the fundamental thing is the Cost / Utility corresponding to this relation cost I diagnose or therapy and the gained quality of years of life for the old patient. Is important that the psicology support to the informal caretakers of a real and continued form, makes diminish to institutionalize of the patient and maintains the caretaker in one better emotional form

Los reconocimientos médicos específicos: una carrera de obstáculos / Specific medical examinations: an obstacle race

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