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نوع الدراسة
النطاق السنوي
1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop;48(6): 731-738, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: lil-767828

الملخص

Abstract: INTRODUCTION : Molecular analyses are auxiliary tools for detecting Koch's bacilli in clinical specimens from patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB). However, there are still no efficient diagnostic tests that combine high sensitivity and specificity and yield rapid results in the detection of TB. This study evaluated single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (STNPCR) as a molecular diagnostic test with low risk of cross contamination for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples. METHODS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in blood and urine samples by STNPCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In this system, reaction tubes were not opened between the two stages of PCR (simple and nested). RESULTS: STNPCR demonstrated good accuracy in clinical samples with no cross contamination between microtubes. Sensitivity in blood and urine, analyzed in parallel, was 35%-62% for pulmonary and 41%-72% for extrapulmonary TB. The specificity of STNPCR was 100% in most analyses, depending on the type of clinical sample (blood or urine) and clinical form of disease (pulmonary or extrapulmonary). CONCLUSIONS: STNPCR was effective in detecting TB, especially the extrapulmonary form for which sensitivity was higher, and had the advantage of less invasive sample collection from patients for whom a spontaneous sputum sample was unavailable. With low risk of cross contamination, the STNPCR can be used as an adjunct to conventional methods for diagnosing TB.


الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , DNA, Bacterial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , DNA, Bacterial/blood , DNA, Bacterial/urine , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(5): 641-653, 19/08/2014. tab, graf
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: lil-720431

الملخص

Blood infection by the simian parasite, Plasmodium simium, was identified in captive (n = 45, 4.4%) and in wild Alouatta clamitans monkeys (n = 20, 35%) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. A single malaria infection was symptomatic and the monkey presented clinical and haematological alterations. A high frequency of Plasmodium vivax-specific antibodies was detected among these monkeys, with 87% of the monkeys testing positive against P. vivax antigens. These findings highlight the possibility of malaria as a zoonosis in the remaining Atlantic Forest and its impact on the epidemiology of the disease.


الموضوعات
Animals , Alouatta/parasitology , Malaria/veterinary , Monkey Diseases/epidemiology , Plasmodium/classification , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Forests , Malaria/epidemiology , Malaria/parasitology , Monkey Diseases/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(3): 349-358, June 2007. mapas, tab
مقالة ي الانجليزية | LILACS | ID: lil-452513

الملخص

Understanding the different background landscapes in which malaria transmission occurs is fundamental to understanding malaria epidemiology and to designing effective local malaria control programs. Geology, geomorphology, vegetation, climate, land use, and anopheline distribution were used as a basis for an ecological classification of the state of Roraima, Brazil, in the northern Amazon Basin, focused on the natural history of malaria and transmission. We used unsupervised maximum likelihood classification, principal components analysis, and weighted overlay with equal contribution analyses to fine-scale thematic maps that resulted in clustered regions. We used ecological niche modeling techniques to develop a fine-scale picture of malaria vector distributions in the state. Eight ecoregions were identified and malaria-related aspects are discussed based on this classification, including 5 types of dense tropical rain forest and 3 types of savannah. Ecoregions formed by dense tropical rain forest were named as montane (ecoregion I), submontane (II), plateau (III), lowland (IV), and alluvial (V). Ecoregions formed by savannah were divided into steppe (VI, campos de Roraima), savannah (VII, cerrado), and wetland (VIII, campinarana). Such ecoregional mappings are important tools in integrated malaria control programs that aim to identify specific characteristics of malaria transmission, classify transmission risk, and define priority areas and appropriate interventions. For some areas, extension of these approaches to still-finer resolutions will provide an improved picture of malaria transmission patterns.


الموضوعات
Humans , Animals , Culicidae , Ecosystem , Insect Vectors , Malaria/prevention & control , Malaria/transmission , Algorithms , Brazil , Cluster Analysis , Population Density , Principal Component Analysis , Seasons , Tropical Climate
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 80(3): 367-9, jul.-set. 1985. tab, mapas
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-29255

الملخص

Examinando-se o sangue de 2.046 primatas capturados durante a "Operaçäo Curupira", encontraram-se plasmódios semelhantes ao Plasmodium brasilianum em sete espécies ou subespécies: Alouatta belzebul belzebul, Alouatta belzebul nigerrima, Alouatta seniculus, Chiropotes satanas, Callicebus moloch, Saimiri sciureus e Saguinus midas niger. Esta última espécie näo havia sido ainda encontrada naturalmente parasitada por plasmódios


الموضوعات
Animals , Alouatta/parasitology , Malaria/veterinary , Plasmodium/isolation & purification , Brazil
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 77(1): 89-91, 1982.
مقالة ي البرتغالية | LILACS | ID: lil-7857

الملخص

Introduzimos a tecnica da copulacao induzida para a manutencao e criacao em cativeiro, do Anopheles albitarsis e do A. aquasalis, objetivando facilitar futuros trabalhos com estas especies de dificil cruzamento espontaneo em laboratorio


الموضوعات
Anopheles , Copulation
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