The effect of proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation on sensory-motor symptoms and quality of life / Efeito da reabilitação vestibular proprioceptiva nos sintomas sensório-motores e qualidade de vida

Abstract Background Peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH) is characterized by balance and gait disorders and vestibulo-autonomic findings. The vestibular system and proprioceptive system work together to regulate sensorimotor functions. Vestibular exercises are effective in PVH, but their superiority over each other is still unclear. Objective This study aims to examine the effect of proprioceptive vestibular exercises on patients with PVH. Methods 30 individuals with unilateral PVH were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 received proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation, group 2 received standard vestibular rehabilitation. Both groups were given standard vestibular exercises as home exercises. No exercise was applied to the group 3. Patients were evaluated in terms of balance, functional mobility, posture, sensory profile, and quality of life. Results Although there was a significant intra-group difference in balance, functional mobility, and quality of life results in all groups (p < 0.05), the difference between groups was generally in favor of group 1 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the posture analysis results (p < 0.05), while there was a significant difference in the 1st group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the results of sensory sensitivity, sensory avoidance, and low recording (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in sensory-seeking results (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in quality of life between and within groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation is an effective method in PVH. We think that our study will guide clinicians and contribute to the literature. Trial registration NCT04687371.

Resumo Antecedentes A hipofunção vestibular periférica (HVP) é caracterizada por distúrbios do equilíbrio e da marcha e achados vestíbulo-autonômicos. O sistema vestibular e o sistema proprioceptivo trabalham juntos para regular as funções sensório-motoras. Os exercícios vestibulares são eficazes na HVP, mas sua superioridade entre si ainda não está clara. Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar o efeito de exercícios vestibulares proprioceptivos em pacientes com HVP. Métodos Trinta indivíduos com HVP unilateral foram divididos em três grupos. O grupo 1 recebeu reabilitação vestibular proprioceptiva, o grupo 2 recebeu reabilitação vestibular padrão. Ambos os grupos receberam exercícios vestibulares padrão como exercícios caseiros. Nenhum exercício foi aplicado ao grupo 3. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a equilíbrio, mobilidade funcional, postura, perfil sensorial e qualidade de vida. Resultados Embora tenha havido uma diferença significativa intragrupo nos resultados de equilíbrio, mobilidade funcional e qualidade de vida em todos os grupos (p < 0,05), a diferença entre os grupos foi geralmente a favor do grupo 1 (p < 0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos resultados da análise postural (p < 0,05), embora tenha havido diferença significativa no 1° grupo (p < 0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos resultados de sensibilidade sensorial, esquiva sensorial e baixo registro (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos resultados de busca sensorial (p > 0,05). Houve diferença significativa na qualidade de vida entre e dentro dos grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão A reabilitação vestibular proprioceptiva é um método eficaz na HVP. Acreditamos que nosso estudo orientará os médicos e contribuirá para a literatura. Registro de teste NCT04687371.

More microinvasive foci in larger tumours of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

INTRODUCTION@#Microinvasion (Mi) is often thought to be an interim stage between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of Mi on survival and assess its correlations with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis and molecular markers.@*METHODS@#The number of Mi foci in a cohort of 66 DCIS-Mi cases was assessed from haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Disease-free survival, clinicopathological parameters and biomarker expression were correlated with the number of Mi foci.@*RESULTS@#Higher numbers of Mi foci were found in larger tumours (P = 0.031).@*CONCLUSION@#Greater extent of DCIS is associated with multifocal Mi.

Metastatic diffuse follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer without cervical lymph node metastasis presenting with symptoms related to hypopituitarism

ABSTRACT In this article, we present a case of diffuse follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with pituitary metastasis, which is a rare cause of pituitary metastasis. The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon variant of papillary carcinoma. A 74-year-old male was presented with weakness, fatigue, and a decreased appetite. The patient was diagnosed with secondary adrenal and thyroid insufficiencies. Imaging revealed a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension, right cavernous sinus invasion, and optic chiasm compression. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed a nodule with a maximum size of 7.2cm in the right lobe. Cytological examination via fine-needle aspiration suggested papillary thyroid cancer. Total thyroidectomy with central and right lateral neck dissection confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Owing to visual field defects, the patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed pituitary metastasis from the papillary thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine treatment and gamma knife radiotherapy of the pituitary gland were performed. The initiation of sorafenib treatment was deemed appropriate during the follow-up. A significant decrease in the thyroglobulin levels was observed after sorafenib treatment. Pituitary metastasis should be considered in patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions at initial evaluation. The presence of visual field defects may be an indication for neurosurgical intervention and guide both diagnosis and treatment. The management of papillary thyroid cancer and the role of treatment modalities in prognosis depend on the biological behavior of the tumor. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for the treatment of these patients.

Meningitis tuberculosa: un desafío diagnóstico en pediatría / Tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic challenge in pediatrics

Resumen La meningitis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis es infrecuente en pediatría y su diagnóstico definitivo representa un desafío clínico. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de dos años, que presentó un cuadro de meningitis crónica. Se logró el diagnóstico tras la sospecha imagenológica y la confirmación tras la búsqueda seriada del complejo M. tuberculosis por RPC en LCR y en biopsia de tejido cerebral. A pesar de sus complicaciones, el paciente respondió favorablemente al tratamiento antituberculoso. En Chile, la tuberculosis es infrecuente en niños y los síntomas son generalmente inespecíficos. Los hallazgos en RM cerebral asociados a alteraciones del LCR permiten sospechar el compromiso meníngeo precozmente. Se recomienda iniciar el tratamiento antituberculoso empírico ante la sospecha, ya que mejora el pronóstico. A pesar de los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos, la meningitis tuberculosa sigue teniendo una alta tasa de complicaciones y un pronóstico ominoso.

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis is rare in the pediatric population and its definitive diagnosis represents a clinical challenge. We present the case of a 2-year-old infant with chronic meningitis. Diagnosis was accomplished by suggestive radiological findings and serial search for M. tuberculosis complex by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in brain tissue. Despite the complications, the patient evolved favorably with the tuberculosis treatment. In Chile, tuberculosis is a rare disease in children and symptoms are generally nonspecific. Brain MRI findings associated with CSF alterations allow early suspicion of MTBC. Start of empirical antituberculosis treatment upon suspicion is recommended given it is associated with better prognosis. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, MTBC continues to have a high complication rate and an ominous prognosis.

The effect of favipiravir versus hydroxychloroquine on clinical and laboratory findings in COVID-19 in healthcare workers

Abstract Objectives Comparative data on hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir, commonly used agents in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), are still limited. In this study, it was aimed to compare treatment outcomes in healthcare workers with COVID-19 who were prospectively followed by the occupational health and safety unit. Methods A total of 237 healthcare-workers, diagnosed as mild or moderate COVID-19 between March 11, 2020 and January 1, 2021, were given hydroxychloroquine (n = 114) or favipiravir (n = 123). Clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 33.4±11.5 years. The mean time to negative PCR was found to be significantly shorter in patients receiving favipiravir compared to the hydroxychloroquine group (10.9 vs. 13.9 days; p < 0.001). The rate of hospitalization in the hydroxychloroquine group was significantly higher than favipiravir group (15.8% vs. 3.3%). In terms of side effects; the frequency of diarrhea in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine was significantly higher than that in the favipiravir group (31.6% vs. 6.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine were similar in terms of improvement of clinical symptoms of healthcare workers with mild or moderate COVID-19 infection, but favipiravir was significantly more effective in reducing viral load and hospitalization rates. Furthermore, favipiravir caused significantly less side-effects than hydroxychloroquine.

Algunos desafíos en mucopolisacaridosis tipo I / A few challenges in mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Se describen como desafíos actuales en mucopolisacaridosis I la necesidad de una clasificación adecuada, vinculándola a las indicaciones terapéuticas; el diagnóstico temprano desde la pesquisa neonatal, sus ventajas y dificultades hasta la sospecha clínica de las formas grave y atenuada; el cuidado de la patología espinal y oftalmológica, desde el diagnóstico, el seguimiento y el tratamiento; las reacciones alérgicas por terapia de reemplazo enzimático, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Por último, la transición hacia el cuidado adulto

Here we describe the current challenges of mucopolysaccharidosis type I: the need for an adequate classification, establishing its relationship to therapeutic indications; an early diagnosis, from neonatal screening, its advantages and barriers, to clinical suspicion of severe and attenuated forms; spinal and eye disease care, from diagnosis to follow-up and treatment; allergic reactions caused by enzyme replacement therapy, their diagnosis and treatment. And lastly, transition to adult care

Nuevas recomendaciones para el cuidado de los pacientes con mucopolisacaridosis tipo I / New recommendations for the care of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Dados los avances sobre mucopolisacaridosis Icon posterioridad al consenso publicado en la Argentina por un grupo de expertos en 2008, se revisan recomendaciones respecto a estudios genéticos, seguimiento cardiológico, cuidado de la vía aérea, alertas sobre aspectos auditivos, de la patología espinal y neurológica. Se hace revisión de la terapéutica actual y se enfatiza en la necesidad de un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces, así como de un seguimiento interdisciplinario

Considering the advances made on mucopolysaccharidosis type I after the consensus study published by a group of experts in Argentina in 2008, recommendations about genetic testing, cardiological follow-up, airway care, hearing impairment detection, spinal and neurological conditions, as well as current treatments, were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on the need for early diagnosis and treatment, as well as an interdisciplinary follow-up

Successful Oral Levothyroxine Desensitization in a patient with Severe Hypothyroidism Post Radioactive Iodine Therapy: A case report / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#Levothyroxine remains the standard therapy for patients with hypothyroidism worldwide. Levothyroxine allergy is rarely seen and alternative therapies are less efficacious and scarcely available. The use of liothyronine (LT3) monotherapy is less favoured due to its short half-life and unpredictable pharmacological profile. We report a 59-year-old male with a hypersensitivity reaction to levothyroxine who was successfully desensitized with oral levothyroxine within a day using a 14-step protocol.

Clinical, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of a Cohort of Glycogen Storage Disease Type I Patients in a High Complexity Hospital in Argentina

Abstract Glycogen storage disease type I is an autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that manifests mainly by hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia with short fasts. Despite strict therapy, patients present long-term renal and liver complications. Data of 36 patients,29 GSD Ia and 7 Ib from a high complexity Hospital in Argentina was collected retrospectively. Collected data included diagnosis, anthropometric, biochemical parameters, therapy and follow-up. Treatment increased Height SDS (p=0.012). Patients with good adherence to therapy presented better growth parameters (p=0.049). Instead, admissions were detrimental (p =0.031) and were more common in Ib patients (p=0.002). The early appearance of complications (liver adenomas and nephropathy) was related to sustained triglyceride values > 500mg / dl (p=0.009 and 0.046 respectively). With intensive dietary treatment, clinical and biochemical status improves but cannot be completely corrected in most patients. Growth improves with treatment and this is optimized with adequate adherence. We must take into account that with ageing, more complications will develop.

Risk communication in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil: A rhetorical analysis / Comunicação de risco no enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Brasil: uma análise retórica

Abstract The objective was to analyze the information related to the new coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, conveyed by national and state authorities, through the lens of risk communication and community engagement. This is a qualitative and reflective study, anchored in rhetorical analysis. Two groups of speeches were analyzed. The first, nationwide, subdivided into the discourse by the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil and by the Ministry of Health. The second, of the states, represented by their normative actions related to the fight against the pandemic. Some recommendations in the management of the disease have unanimous understanding. Other actions, however, do not find the same support in the national and subnational discourse, reason why the following is adopted for a more detailed analysis in this article: the organization of risk communication and community engagement; the practice of social distancing; and the use of medications to treat the disease. Risk communication is based on the premise that every public health emergency faces communication challenges and may benefit from the lessons already learned. The fact that there are different discourses among the entities of the Federation implies disorganization of information, disagreements, and a greater degree of uncertainty in the population about the disease and how to prevent it.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as informações relacionadas à pandemia do novo coronavírus no Brasil, veiculadas pelas autoridades nacionais e estaduais, pelas lentes da comunicação de risco e engajamento comunitário. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, reflexivo, ancorado na análise retórica. Foram analisados dois grupos de discursos. O primeiro, de âmbito nacional, subdividido em discurso da Presidência da República do Brasil e do Ministério da Saúde. O segundo, dos estados, representados por seus atos normativos relacionados ao enfrentamento da pandemia. Algumas recomendações no manejo da doença têm compreensão unânime. Outras ações, no entanto, não encontram o mesmo amparo no discurso nacional e subnacional, por esse motivo sendo tomado para análise mais detalhada nesse artigo, a saber: a organização da comunicação de risco e o engajamento comunitário; a prática de distanciamento social; e o uso de medicamentos para o tratamento da doença. A comunicação de risco parte da premissa de que toda emergência de saúde pública enfrenta desafios de comunicação e pode se beneficiar das lições aprendidas anteriormente. O fato da existência de discursos distintos entre os entes da federação implica na desorganização das informações, desentendimentos e maior grau de incerteza da população sobre a doença e como se prevenir.

Avaliação da atenção primária à saúde e a incorporação da tecnologia da informação para a melhoria da qualidade da avaliação / Evaluation of primary health care and the incorporation of information technology to improve the quality of the evaluation

Apesar da ascendência de avaliações na Atenção Primária à Saúde, com possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de meta-avaliações, bem como, o incremento de investimentos e acesso às Tecnologias da Informação, com aumento de sua aplicabilidade em processos avaliativos, principalmente, para a coleta de dados e disseminação dos resultados, até o momento, são incipientes estudos meta-avaliativos que evidenciem as consequências das relações que se estabelecem entre as tecnologias e os avaliadores na qualidade da avaliação. Utilizando a Scoping Review, o Estudo de Caso e a estrutura conceitual da sociomaterialidade, esta tese procurou contribuir para este campo de pesquisa e para as práticas avaliativas, avaliando a incorporação da Tecnologia da Informação na avaliação da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil considerando os padrões internacionais de qualidade. A Scoping Review teve o objetivo de mapear os usos da meta-avaliação dos estudos avaliativos desenvolvidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram incluídos 23 estudos, publicados entre 1999 e 2018, predominantemente realizados no Brasil. Tiveram mais ênfase as meta-avaliações somativas, com foco em programas de saúde e na gestão da Atenção Primária, que utilizaram como padrões avaliativos os recomendados pelo Joint Committeeon Standards for Educational Evaluation. O Estudo de Caso teve abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 07 técnicos da coordenação do Ministério da Saúde e 47 pesquisadores de Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa, com uma amostra total de54 participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho de 2018 a julho de 2019, utilizaram-se entrevistas, grupos focais e análise documental. Os dados foram categorizados por padrões de qualidade com uso do software Atlas ti, seguido de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Para o estudo de caso sobre coleta de dados, os resultados evidenciaram que a tecnologia viabilizou a realização da avaliação em todo território nacional; contribuiu para a operacionalização de uma avaliação com grande escopo temático; forneceu recursos para a gestão da atividade de campo; minimizou erros, agilizou e homogeneizou a coleta; garantiu a integralidade das informações necessárias com o mínimo de inconsistência, permitindo o alcance de resultados uteis e válidos para certificação das equipes, políticas de saúde e pesquisas. Além disto, fatores como dificuldade de manuseio, inoperância do sistema e falta de investimentos em equipamentos e recursos humanos podem representar possíveis restrições para a eficiência da aplicação da tecnologia na avaliação. Quanto ao estudo sobre disseminação dos resultados, constaram-se avanços na visualização dos dados e na implementação de iniciativas de dados abertos, possibilitando sua disponibilidade para profissionais, formuladores de políticas e universidades. Desafios relacionados ao tempo de entrega dos relatórios, restrição de acesso, referência à falta de interesse e habilidades digitais, influenciaram no alcance dos objetivos esperados pelo proponente da avaliação. Considera-se que a incorporação da Tecnologia da Informação tem potencial ao alcance de padrões de qualidade, oportunizando a implementação de avaliações mais eficazes, com a produção de melhores resultados, atuando construtivamente no processo de melhorias de desempenho das equipes de saúde e da gestão, induzindo a redefinição dos seus processos prioritários de trabalho, com vistas ao aprimoramento e fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (AU).

Despite the ascendancy of evaluations in Primary Health Care, with possibilities for the development of meta-evaluations, as well as the increase in investments and access to Information Technologies, with an increase in its applicability in evaluation processes, mainly for the collection of data and dissemination of results, so far, are incipient meta-evaluative studies that show the consequences of the relationships established between technologies and evaluators in the quality of the assessment. Using the Scoping Review, the Case Study, and the conceptual structure of sociomateriality, this thesis sought to contribute to this field of research and evaluative practices, evaluating the incorporation of Information Technology in the evaluation of Primary Health Care in Brazil considering international quality standards. The scoping review was developed following the Joanna Briggs Institute manual to map the uses of the meta-evaluation of evaluative studies carried out in Primary Health Care. 23 studies, published between 1999 and 2018, predominantly carried out in Brazil, were included. There was more emphasis on summative meta-evaluations, with a focus on health programs and on the management of Primary Care, which used as evaluative standards those recommended by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. The Case Study had a qualitative approach. 07 technicians from the coordination of the Ministry of Health and 47 researchers from Education and Research Institutions participated, with a total sample of 54 participants. Data collection took place between July 2018 and July 2019, using interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. Data were categorized by quality standards using the Atlas ti software followed by Bardin's content analysis. For the case study on data collection, the results showed that the technology made it possible to assess the national territory; contributed to the operationalization of an assessment with a large thematic scope; provided resources for field activity management; minimized errors, streamlined and homogenized the collection; ensured the completeness of the necessary information with a minimum of inconsistency, allowing the achievement of useful and valid results for the certification of teams, health policies and research. In addition, factors such as difficulty in handling, inoperability of the system, and lack of investment in equipment and human resources can represent possible restrictions for the efficiency of the application of technology in the assessment. As for the study on the dissemination of results, advances were found in data visualization and the implementation of open data initiatives, enabling its availability to professionals, policymakers and universities. Challenges related to reporting delivery time, access restriction, reference to lack of interest, and digital skills influenced the achievement of the objectives expected by the evaluation proponent. It is considered that the incorporation of Information Technology has the potential to reach quality standards, providing opportunities for the implementation of more effective assessments, with the production of better results, acting constructively in the process of improving the performance of health and management teams, inducing the redefinition of its priority work processes, to improve and strengthen Primary Health Care (AU).

Meningitis por Salmonella Enteritidis en un lactante: comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Salmonella Enteritidis meningitis in an infant: case report and literature review

Resumen La meningitis por Salmonella spp. es infrecuente en pediatría, pero debe sospecharse especialmente en menores de seis meses. Salmonella subespecie enterica es la más frecuente a nivel mundial, siendo el serovar Enteritidis el más importante. Tiene una alta tasa de complicaciones, predominando las colecciones y abscesos, por lo que se recomienda realizar una neuroimagen a todos los pacientes. A pesar que el manejo no está estandarizado, hay consenso en que el tratamiento de elección son las cefalosporinas de tercera generación. La resistencia antimicrobiana es infrecuente pero va en aumento, principalmente en países subdesarrollados. Presentamos el primer caso publicado en Chile de una meningitis por S. Enteritidis en un lactante de 11 meses, que se presentó con fiebre y una convulsión focalizada, con hemocultivos y cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo positivos. El paciente completó tratamiento con ceftriaxona y ciprofloxacina por cuatro semanas con buena respuesta.

Abstract Salmonella spp meningitis is rare in pediatrics. However, it should be especially suspected in children younger than 6 months. The enteric subspecies is the most frequent worldwide, with the Enteritidis serovar being the most important. The complication rate is high, with collections and abscesses predominating. For this reason, neuroimaging is currently recommended for all patients. Even though management is not standardized, there is consensus that first line treatment should be with third generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic resistance is infrequent but increasing, mainly in underdeveloped countries. We present the first case reported in Chile of meningitis by Salmonella Enteritidis in an 11-month-old infant presenting with fever and focused epileptic crisis. Blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid culture were positive. The patient completed four weeks of treatment with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin with a good response.

Aural foreign bodies in children in a pediatric Senegalese hospital

Introduction: aural foreign bodies (FB) are frequent in pediatric otorhinolaryngology and in pediatric emergencies. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of aural FB in children in a pediatric hospital in Senegal. Methods: this was a four-year hospital-based descriptive study performed in the Otorhinolaryngology department of the Children's Hospital of Diamniadio, from 1st January 2013 to 31 December 2016 including all children under 15 years of age received for aural FB. The variables studied were age, gender, provenance, presenting symptom, time to consultation, the type of FB and morbidity. Results: sixty three FB were extracted. Mean age was 6 years 4 months. 52.4% of patients were under 5 years old. There was a slight female predominance (32/63). Location was in the right ear canal in 55.6%. Seventy three percent of patients presented in our office were asymptomatic. The median time to consultation was 4 days. Within the first 24 hours after insertion, 22.2% of children presented to our office. Beads were the first FB (29.68%), followed by seeds and cotton (12.5% respectively). Foreign bodies' extraction were performed in consultation for 79.4% of patients. The morbidity was 20.6%. It was primarily otitis externa (8%). Myringoplasty was performed in one patient who had sequelae of tympanic membrane perforation. Conclusion: aural FB is a common accident in under-5 year-olds. In our context there is a delayed consultation. Morbidity is similar to that of the literature

Acute spontaneous suppurative thyroiditis caused by Eikenella corrodens presented with thyrotoxicosis / Tireoidite supurativa espontânea aguda causada por Eikenella corrodens acompanhada de tireotoxicose

ABSTRACT Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a very rare and life-threatening endocrine emergency. Thyrotoxicosis is a rare condition accompanying acute suppurative thyroiditis. While the majority of the cases in the literature are caused by different reasons, spontaneous development is very rare. We present a patient with acute suppurative thyroiditis who presented to our clinic with thyrotoxic findings, and we compared the case to the literature. A 31-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of progressive neck pain, swelling and redness on midline neck, fever, and palpitations. On physical examination, swelling, redness and tenderness were detected on the neck region that was consistent with the thyroid location. He presented with tremor on the hands, tachycardia and agitation. Thyroid function tests were compatible with thyrotoxicosis, but there were findings supporting the presence of infection in biochemistry tests. On his radiological evaluations, a heterogeneous lesion divided with small septs was observed, with consolidation areas in the left thyroid lobe. In fine needle aspiration biopsy, 2mL of purulent fluid could be aspirated due to the presence of small, separated consolidation areas. He initiated on antibiotic therapy, propranolol, steroid and symptomatic treatment. Eikenella corrodens was detected on the culture antibiogram. Antibiotic therapy was continued for 14 days due to less symptoms and better biochemical values. After treatment, the patient had normal thyroid function, had relief of fever and redness of the neck, and was followed-up. It should be kept in mind that acute suppurative thyroiditis may develop spontaneously with the findings of thyrotoxicosis, with no risk factors.

RESUMO A tireoidite supurativa aguda é uma emergência endócrina muito rara e com risco de vida. A tireotoxicose é uma doença rara, que acompanha a tireoidite supurativa aguda. A maioria dos casos descritos na literatura tem diferentes causas, mas o desenvolvimento espontâneo é muito raro. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com tireoidite supurativa aguda, que veio a nossa clínica apresentando achados tireotóxicos, e o comparamos com a literatura. Trata-se de paciente do sexo masculino, 31 anos, que foi internado em nossa clínica com queixa de dor progressiva, edema e vermelhidão na linha média do pescoço, febre e palpitações. Ao exame físico, foram observados edema, vermelhidão e sensibilidade à dor na região do pescoço, consistente com a localização da tireoide. Apresentava tremor de mãos, taquicardia e agitação. Embora os exames de função tireoidiana fossem compatíveis com tireotoxicose, houve achados que sustentavam a presença de infecção nos exames bioquímicos. Nas avaliações radiológicas, observou-se lesão heterogênea dividida por pequenos septos, com áreas de consolidação no lobo tireoidiano esquerdo. Na biópsia por aspiração por agulha fina, foi possível aspirar apenas 2mL de líquido purulento, devido à presença de pequenas áreas de consolidação separadas umas das outras. Iniciaram-se antibioticoterapia, administração de propranolol e esteroides, além de tratamento sintomático. Eikenella corrodens cresceu na cultura do antibiograma. A antibioticoterapia foi estendida por 14 dias devido à melhora nos sintomas e dos valores bioquímicos. Após o tratamento, o paciente se apresentava eutireoideo, com melhora na febre e na vermelhidão no pescoço, sendo então acompanhado. Deve-se ter em mente que a tireoidite supurativa aguda pode se desenvolver espontaneamente com achados de tireotoxicose, sem nenhum fator de risco.

Enfermedad de Pompe infantil: Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Infantile-onset Pompe disease: Diagnosis and management

La enfermedad de Pompe, o deficiencia de maltasa ácida o glucogenosis tipo II, es una grave enfermedad genética, autosómica recesiva, progresiva, poco frecuente, causada por la deficiencia en la enzima alfa glucosidasa. En la edad pediátrica, puede presentarse con la "forma clásica", la más conocida, con grave compromiso cardíaco y franca hipotonía, o con la "forma no clásica", con comienzo temprano del compromiso motor. La "forma de comienzo tardío" del adulto también puede ocurrir en la infancia o en la adolescencia. Se actualizan los hallazgos clínicos y de diagnóstico disponibles, ya que un tratamiento temprano con reemplazo de la enzima faltante puede mejorar la supervivencia y la calidad de vida del paciente. Se revisan los beneficios y los efectos adversos del tratamiento disponible y nuevas líneas de investigación terapéutica.

Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or glycogenosis type II, is a rare severe, autosomal, recessive, and progressive genetic disorder caused by deficiency in alpha-glucosidase. The classic infantile-onset is the most broadly known form of Pompe disease, which presents with severe heart involvement and clear hypotonia, while the non-classic presentation occurs with early motor involvement. Late-onset Pompe disease develops in adults, but it may also occur during childhood or adolescence. Here we update the available clinical and diagnostic findings because an early management with enzyme replacement therapy may improve patients' survival and quality of life. We also review the benefits and adverse effects of available treatments and new lines of therapeutic research.

HIV testing and HIV knowledge among men who have sex with men in Natal, Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the highest prevalence of HIV in Brazil. HIV testing allows to implement preventive measures, reduces transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate HIV testing during lifetime, factors associated with the decision to test, knowledge about HIV transmission, and use of condoms between MSM from the city of Natal, northeast Brazil. Results: Out of 99 participants, 62.6% had been tested for HIV during lifetime, 46.2% in the last year. The most frequent reported reason to be tested for HIV infection was curiosity (35.5%). Correct knowledge about HIV was observed in only 9.2% of participants. In multivariate analysis, age (PR 0.95; 95%CI, 0.91-0.99; p = 0.041) and previous syphilis test (PR 4.21; 95%CI, 1.52-11.70; p = 0.006) were associated with HIV testing. Conclusions: The frequency of HIV testing among MSM from Natal is rather low, especially in younger MSM, and knowledge about HIV transmission is inappropriate.

Evaluating clinical and laboratory effects of ozone in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and biochemical (oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators) effects of the gaseous ozone use accompanied by scaling and root planning (SRP) in periodontal treatment. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) randomly sorted into two groups of 20. The experimental group received SRP plus 3 watts gaseous ozone in two separate applications five days apart, whereas the control group received SRP plus placebo. Clinical periodontal parameters were assayed and saliva samples were taken before the initial and one month after the second treatment. Periodontal examination assessed plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels were evaluated from saliva samples. Results: Changes following treatment in PI, GI, probing depth, and CAL scores were similar for both groups (p>0.05). Of note, TGF-β levels were observed to be higher in the treatment group than in controls (p<0.05). Changes in 8-OHdG, TAS, TOS, NO, MPO, GSH and MDA levels, however, were not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that SRP plus gaseous ozone versus SRP alone does not correlate to a significant improvement in periodontal recovery.

Inovação e utilidade: Avaliação Externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica / Innovation and utility: External Evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Health Care

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilidade da Avaliação Externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, considerado uma inovação. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa da Avaliação Externa do PMAQ-AB na percepção de sujeitos que vivenciaram a condução dessa avaliação por meio de estudo de caso qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e de grupo focal on-line, e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Observou-se envolvimento dos interessados com pactuação em diferentes esferas da gestão nacional, envolvimento processual entre Departamento de Atenção Básica e Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa, abrangência nacional facilitada com recurso de Tecnologia da Informação, negociação da logística in loco com gestores municipais. Verificou-se credibilidade científica dos avaliadores; a relação entre gestor nacional e instituições de pesquisa não se mostrou conflituosa; as instituições desvelaram conflitos entre gestores e Equipes de Atenção Básica sobre destinação dos recursos provenientes do PMAQ. Constatou-se grande escopo das informações sobre estrutura, processos e resultados; capilaridade e acesso aos resultados. Conclui-se que, na ótica dos participantes do estudo, a Avaliação Externa mostrou-se inovadora e útil à indução da melhoria da qualidade da Atenção Básica.(AU)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the External Evaluation of the Brasil's National Program for Improvement Access and Quality in Primary Health Care, considered an innovation. It is an evaluation study of the External Evaluation of the PMAQ-AB in the perception of subjects who experienced the conduction of this evaluation through a qualitative case study. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and the online focal group, and analyzed through the Bardin content analysis. It was observed the involvement of stakeholders with different national management spheres, procedural involvement between the Department of Primary Care and Teaching and Research Institutions, national coverage facilitated with Information Technology resources, negotiation of logistics in loco with municipal managers. Scientific credibility of the evaluators was observed; the relationship between national managers and research institutions did not appear to be conflicting; the institutions uncovered conflicts between managers and Primary Care Teams about the allocation of resources to management. A large scope of information on structure, processes, and results was found; capillarity and access to results. It is concluded that from the perspective of the participants of the study, the External Evaluation proved to be innovative and useful to induce the improvement of the quality of Primary Care.(AU)

Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. methanol extract and its isolated component isoorientin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of methanol extract of E. spectabilis and its major component isoorientin. Methods: Effects of isoorientin and methanol extract of E. spectabilis were investigated in indomethacin-induced gastric damage model on rats. Famotidine was used as the standard antiulcer drug. Numerical density of ulcer areas and oxidative status were determined on stomach tissues of rats. Results: All doses of isoorientin and methanol extract decreased MDA level and increased SOD activity and GSH levels in the stomach tissue of rats. When numerical density of ulcer areas were analized, the 500 mg/kg dose of methanol extract (84%) exhibited a similar effect to 20 mg/kg dose of standart drug famotidine (87%). Conclusions: The gastroprotective effects of E. spectabilis and its major constituent isoorientin in rats for the first time. Detailed analyses suggested that potential antioxidant activity of both plant extract and isoorientin mediates the gastroprotective effect.