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As a classic prescription for invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, Sijunzi Decoction has a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of gastric cancer. It can improve chemotherapy resistance, reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy, promote postoperative recovery, enhance immunity, improve the nutritional status of patients, improve the quality of life of patients and prevent precancerous lesions. Network pharmacology studies have shown that Sijunzi Decoction exerts anti-gastric cancer effects through multiple active ingredients, multiple targets and multiple pathways, and quercetin may be the main active component in Sijunzi Decoction to exert anti-gastric cancer effects. The main mechanisms of Sijunzi Decoction in the treatment of gastric cancer include regulating the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related gene proteins, and inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion and gastric cancer stem cell characteristics of gastric cancer cells.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and brain volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 64 AD patients(AD group)and 36 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI group)admitted in our department from January 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled in this study.Another 19 healthy individuals who had no cogni-tive impairment or psychiatric disorders were enrolled and served as normal control group.Their levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4)and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)were detected by electrochemical luminescence assay.Results FT3 level was significantly decreased in the MCI group and AD group than the normal control group[2.50(2.28,2.60)ng/L and 2.07(1.97,2.30)ng/L vs 2.76(2.55,2.93)ng/L,P＜0.05],and the decrease in the AD group was more obvious than that in the MCI group.The volumes of the midbrain,pons,medulla oblon-gata,hippocampus,amygdala and temporal lobe were significantly smaller in the AD group than the MCI group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis showed that in the AD patients,FT3 and FT4 levels were positively while TSH level was negatively correlated with the volumes of both right and left hippocampus and amygdala(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and TSH level was also negatively correlated with the left temporal lobe volume(P＜0.05).Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction is associated with reduced brain volume in AD patietns,and may contribute to the progression of AD cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy.
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AIM To evaluate the quality of Beidougen Formula Granules.METHODS Fifteen batches of standard decoctions and three batches of formula granules were prepared,after which paste rate and contents,transfer rates of magnoflorine,daurisoline,dauricine were determined.HPLC specific chromatograms were established,and cluster analysis was adopted in chemical pattern recognition.RESULTS For three batches of formula granules,the paste rates were 15.1%-16.6%,the contents of magnoflorine,daurisoline,dauricine were 18.93-19.39,9.42-9.60,6.79-6.85 mg/g with the transfer rates of 34.42%-35.25%,43.81%-44.65%,27.27%-27.51%from decoction pieces to formula granules,respectively,and there were seven characteristic peaks in the specific chromatograms with the similarities of more than 0.95,which demonstrated good consistence with those of standard decoctions and accorded with related limit requirements.Fifteen batches of standard decoctions were clustered into two types,and the medicinal materials produced from Jilin,Hebei,Shangdong could be used for the preparation of formula granules.CONCLUSION This reasonable and reliable method can provide references for the quality control and clinical application of Beidougen Formula Granules.
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The incidence of psycho-cardiological diseases， i.e.， cardiovascular diseases combined with psychological disorders， is increasing year by year. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） plays a role in the pathogenesis of such diseases. According to the theory of collateral diseases， our team innovates the concept of regulating mental activity by dredging collaterals in the treatment of psycho-cardiological diseases and summarizes the concepts of "heart of Qi and collaterals" and "heart of vessels and collaterals". We believe that obstructed collaterals and disturbed mental activity run through the whole course of psycho-cardiological diseases， being the core pathogenesis. BDNF closely related to the core pathogenesis can regulate nerve and vascular inflammation， alleviate oxidative stress， and mediate a variety of signaling pathways， thereby promoting the survival and repair of nerve cells and vascular endothelial cells to regulate emotion and protect the heart. Therefore， BDNF is one of the potential biomarkers for clinical treatment of psycho-cardiological diseases. Collateral obstruction caused by blood stasis is specifically manifested as collateral deficiency， blood stasis， and Qi stagnation in collaterals. It can easily lead to inflammation， free radical generation， and antioxidant system changes in the patients with psycho-cardiological diseases， which can cause oxidative stress damage， affect the BDNF level， and result in mental disorders， such as anxiety and depression. Disturbed mental activity is mainly caused by the disturbance in the heart of Qi and collaterals， which is specifically manifested as the disturbance of the mind and liver soul. It is prone to cause anxiety or depression symptoms， which is closely related to the BDNF-mediated abnormal activation of neural circuits， nerve injury， and inflammation. This article elaborates on the theoretical connotation and pathological mechanism of regulating mental activity by dredging collaterals in the treatment of psycho-cardiological diseases from the perspective of BDNF， aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of psycho-cardiological diseases and collateral diseases.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules on the balance of peripheral blood helper T lymphocyte 17 cell/regulatory T lymphocyte cell(Th17/Treg)and related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome.Methods Totally 40 COPD patients were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 20 cases in each group.Another 20 cases were in the healthy group.The control group was given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation,18 μg/time,1 time/d,inhalation;on the basis of the control group,the study group was given Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules,3 pills/time,3 times/d,orally.All patients were treated for 8 weeks.The healthy group was not given any intervention.Forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF),carbon monoxide diffusing capacity/alveolar ventilation(DLCO/VA),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),COPD assessment test(CAT)score,Th17/Treg ratio,cytokines interleukin(IL)-17,IL-22,IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment,the lung function indexes(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MMEF,DLCO/VA),blood gas indexes(PaO2,PaCO2)and CAT score in the study group after treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05).After treatment,the mean values of MMEF,DLCO/VA,PaCO2 and CAT score in the study group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22 in the study group were significantly lower,and the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly higher(P<0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences in Th17,Treg,IL-17,IL-22,IL-10 and TGF-β1 among the three groups(P<0.01).Further pairwise comparison showed that Th17 ranked in the order of high and low was control group>study group>healthy group,Treg in the order of high and low was healthy group>study group>control group,the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in the order of high and low were control group>study group>healthy group,and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the order of high and low were healthy group>study group>control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules can improve the lung function,arterial blood gas and symptom score of patients with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome in stable stage of COPD.Its mechanism may be related to regulating the balance of Th17/Treg,down-regulating the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22,and up-regulating the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1,in order to reduce airway inflammation and regulate immune homeostasis.
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Coronary heart disease （CHD） with atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease worldwide， and anxiety and depression are potential and crucial risk factors for adverse prognosis in CHD. Chaihu Longgu Mulitang （CLMT）， first mentioned in the Shang Han Lun （《伤寒论》）， is a classic prescription for treating Shaoyang diseases combined with disturbance of the mind and spirit， with the effects of harmonizing Shaoyang and calming the mind. Current research on mechanisms has shown that CLMT can play a role in CHD complicated with anxiety and depression through multiple pathways， including regulating related signaling pathways， inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors， improving oxidative stress damage， modulating neurotransmitter levels， suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， promoting mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow， and inhibiting platelet activation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that CLMT significantly improves symptoms such as angina and insomnia caused by CHD complicated with anxiety and depression， effectively reduces negative emotions， improves traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， and decreases levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore， it has fewer adverse reactions and higher safety than conventional western medicine treatments. This article provides a review of the mechanisms and clinical studies of CLMT in the treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression based on a comprehensive analysis of literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， and other databases in the past 15 years， in order to provide references for further research on the use of CLMT in the management of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression.
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To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of Shenling Kaixin Granules(SLKX) in treating chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) model rats. Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Shugan Jieyu Capsules(110 mg·kg~(-1)) group and SLKX low-(90 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-(180 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(360 mg·kg~(-1)) groups. Depression rat model was replicated by CUMS method. After treatment, the behavioral changes of rats were evaluated by sugar preference, open field, elevated cross maze and forced swimming experiments. The contents of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in serum were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in hippocampal CA1 region were also detected. Pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and Western blot was used to determine the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF), BDNF, phospho-tyrosine kinase receptor(p-TrkB)/TrkB, phospho-cAMP-response element binding protein(p-CREB)/CREB, nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) and caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS:: showed that compared with the control group, the model group had decreased sugar preference, reduced number of entries and time spent in the center of open field and shortened total distance of movement, reduced number of entries and proportion of time spent in open arm, and increased number and time of immobility in forced swimming experiment. Additionally, the serum contents of IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of caspase-3 were higher, while the contents of BDNF and 5-HT, the activities of SOD and CAT in hippocampal CA1 region, the expressions of NGF, BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB, p-CREB/CREB, HO-1 and Bcl-2/Bax, and the Nrf2 nuclear translocation were lower in model group than in control group. Compared with the conditions in model group, the sugar preference, the number of entries and time spent in the center of open, total distance of movement, and the number of entries and proportion of time spent in open arm in treatment groups were increased while the number and time of immobility in forced swimming experiment were decreased; the serum contents of IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of caspase-3 were down regulated, while the contents of BDNF and 5-HT, the activities of SOD and CAT in hippocampal CA1 region, the expressions of NGF, BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB, p-CREB/CREB, HO-1, Bcl-2/Bax, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were enhanced. In conclusion, SLKX might regulate the Nrf2 nucleus translocation by activating BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway, lower oxidative stress damage in hippocampus, inhibit caspase-3 activity, and reduce apoptosis of hippocampal nerve cells, thereby playing an antidepressant role.
الموضوعات
Rats , Male , Animals , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , Caspase 3/metabolism , Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Hippocampus/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Sugars/pharmacology , Depression/genetics , Stress, Psychological/metabolismالملخص
Objective:To re-evaluate the reliability of the conclusions of the systematic reviews (SR)/meta-analysis (MA) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods:CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from the establishment of the database to March 30, 2022. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data, and included SRs/MAs in the treatment of FD with TCM. The AMSTAR 2 and GRADE tools were used to evaluate the included the study carried out methodological quality evaluation, outcome evidence quality grading, and descriptive analysis of the main outcome.Results:A total of 28 SRs/MAs were included, with 34 outcome indicators. According to the AMSTAR 2 evaluation results, 21 SRs/MAs were of medium quality, and 7 SRs/MAs were of low quality. The GRADE quality of evidence grading results showed that of the 100 evidence bodies, 13 were of high quality, 58 were of moderate quality, 24 were of low quality, and 5 were of very low quality.Conclusion:TCM in the treatment of FD can improve the clinical efficiency, improve the cure rate, reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the clinical symptoms, but the methodological quality and evidence quality of related SRs/MAs have certain defects, so this conclusion should be treated with caution.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy rate, vascular endothelial relaxation factor NO and safety of five different Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicine in the treatment of coronary microvascular disease (CMVD).Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Shexiang Baoxin Pills, Tongxinluo Capsules, Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules, and Xinkeshu Tablets combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of CMVD were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Academic Journal Database (Wanfang Data), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (Chongqing VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), PubMed, Cochrance Library and Embase databases from the establishment of the database to June 2022. The literature was imported and screened by EndNote software, and the risk quality of literature bias was evaluated by Revman 5.4 software. StataSE16 (64-bit) software was used for reticular meta analysis to compare the differences in clinical efficacy and drug safety of five proprietary Chinese medicines combined with western medicine.Results:A total of 24 RCT studies were included, 24 of which were double-arm studies, and five kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine combined with western medicine were compared. The results of reticular meta analysis: in terms of improving the clinical effective rate, the order of the five proprietary Chinese medicine combination groups was as follows: Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group > Shexiang Baoxin Pills group > Tongxinluo Capsules group > Xinkeshu Tablets group > Compound Danshen Dripping Pills group. In terms of regulating vasodilation factor NO, the order of the four proprietary Chinese medicine combination groups is as follows: Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group > Compound Danshen Dripping Pills group > Tongxinluo Capsules group > Shexiang Baoxin Pills group. In terms of safety, there were 3 reports of adverse reactions in the research literature of the five proprietary Chinese medicines.Conclusions:The clinical efficacy rate of five kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine combined with western medicine routine regimen is better than that of western medicine routine regimen alone, and the combination group of four kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine is superior to western medicine in regulating vasodilation factor NO, and Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group is superior in clinical efficacy rate and regulation of vasodilation factor NO. However, the quality and samples of this study are different, and the comparison of the curative effect of the combined group of proprietary Chinese medicine still needs a large sample and high-quality RCT study to demonstrate.
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OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of radical mastoidectomy(RM)under otoscope combined with microscope on hearing and complications in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma.METHODS A total of 80 patients with middle ear cholesteatoma in Xuzhou Central Hospital from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021 were selected and randomly divided into experimental group(n=40)and control group(n=40).RM was performed under otoscope combined with microscope for the experimental group,while conventional open RM for the control group.Their perioperative indexes,clinical symptoms,hearing changes,therapeutic effect,complications and recurrence were compared.RESULTS The operation time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group,and the intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay of the experimental group were less than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The postoperative hearing loss,tinnitus,ear pus score and bone conduction,air conduction hearing threshold values were lower than those before operation in both groups(P＜0.05).The above-mentioned postoperative values of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,while the complication and recurrence rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The RM under otoscope combined with microscope can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and hearing of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma.With advantages of curative effect improvement,effective reduction of surgical trauma,complications and recurrence,facilitation of postoperative recovery,the RM under otoscope combined with microscope is worth further clinical promotion in the surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.
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ObjectiveTo analyze relevant literature on Lianhua Qingwen preparations and clarify the research advances and hot spots in this field， so as to provide references for clinical rational application and further research. MethodLiterature related to Lianhua Qingwen preparations in the recent 10 years was retrieved from six databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， and Web of Science， followed by management and analysis by NoteExpress and CiteSpace. ResultFinally， 344 and 76 Chinese and English research articles were included， and the number of publications increased in recent years. The research articles were published in 162 Chinese and 48 English journals. Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. and Guangzhou Medical University were institutions with the largest number of Chinese and English publications， respectively. LIU Minyan was the author who had published the most articles. Keywords with high frequency included clinical efficacy， Lianhua Qingwen， inflammatory factors， traditional Chinese medicine， and coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19）. Nineteen clusters， including clinical efficacy， Chinese medicine， Lianhua Qingwen， COVID-19， and influenza A virus， and 47 emergent keywords， including herpes zoster， pneumonia， inflammatory factors， influenza， and gut microbiota， were generated. ConclusionCooperation and exchanges in this field are insufficient. Research focuses on the clinical efficacy of Lianhua Qingwen in the treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases， pharmacological action and mechanism of antiviral drugs， and micro-mechanism research focuses on related pathways and target proteins， as well as the combination of Chinese and western medicines.
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ObjectiveTo establish the quality standard for Fraxini Cortex（Fraxinus chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoction， and to provide a basis for the quality control of this dispensing granules. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were established with the mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-10 min， 12%-15%B； 10-30 min， 15%-32%B） and the detection wavelength of 220 nm. And similarity evaluation， cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） were also carried out. HPLC quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS） was established to determine the contents of the main components in the standard decoctions and dispensing granules. The contents of the corresponding components in Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） decoction pieces were also detected， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules were calculated. ResultThe similarities between specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were all>0.9， and 7 common peaks were identified. The results of cluster analysis and PCA showed that there was some differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but did not show aggregation of origin. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate was 6.18%-11.62%， the contents of esculin， syringin， fraxin， esculetin， fraxetin， calceolarioside B were 44.92-103.51， 1.36-11.87， 33.26-90.73， 4.63-29.75， 2.40-16.86， 2.49-17.35 mg·g-1， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoction were 25.21%-42.54%， 52.57%-88.84%， 43.43%-79.45%， 49.15%-88.27%， 49.22%-72.69%， 27.66%-47.67%， respectively. The extract rates of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were 10.4%-10.7%， the transfer rates of the above six components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 42.76%-43.17%， 80.01%-80.90%， 59.59%-59.88%， 51.35%-52.67%， 60.50%-60.93%， 37.98%-38.37%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionThe established quality control standard of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions is reasonable and reliable， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the second session of endoscopic ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol ablation (EUS-LA) for pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).Methods:A total of 74 patients with suspected of PCNs who underwent EUS-LA in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. Fifteen of them underwent the second ablation. The efficiency of EUS-LA was determined based on the change of lesion volume during the imaging follow-up, categorized into complete resolution (CR), partial resolution (PR) and stable disease (SD). The safety was determined by the complication incidence.Results:Among the 15 patients undergoing the second EUS-LA, there were 9 males and 6 females with age of 51.5±17.6 years. Thirteen patients completed imaging follow-up after the second EUS-LA, CR was achieved in 8 patients, PR in 2 patients and 3 in SD. The CR rate increased from 0 after the first ablation to 8/13 after the second ablation ( P=0.002). The median cyst diameter decreased from 22.0 mm before the second ablation to 15.0 mm after the second ablation ( Z=-2.666, P=0.008) and the median cyst volume reduced from 2 419.7 mm 3 to 1 099.5 mm 3 ( Z=-2.134, P=0.033). The complication incidence of the second ablation was 2/15, similar to that of the first ablation. Conclusion:The second ablation is effective and safe without increasing the complication incidence in patients without achieving CR after the first EUS-LA.
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a specific cardiac complication of diabetes, which occurs independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension or valvular heart disease. Although diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized, the underlying mechanisms are still under controversial. Recently, the putative pathological mechanism involves hyperglycemia, protein nonenzymatic glycosylation, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium ion transport, etc. Inflammation is an independent risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. NLRP3 inflammation is the most common inflammasome, which can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and mediate pyroptosis after activated. It manifests a high level of NLRP3 inflammasomes in DCM animal model, which aggravates the damage of pancreatic β-cell function, myocardial injury and the process of myocardial fibrosis. It has been confirmed that Chinese herbal medicine can affect the initiation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, as well as the expression of downstream genes, and then improve the cardiac function of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we have summarized the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Lung diseases and their related complications represent a critical source of morbidity and mortality globally and have become a research focus in recent years. There are plenty of hazards that threaten the health of lung by exposure to external environmental stimuli, such as dust, cigarette smoke, PM2.5, air pollution and pathogen infection. These risks lead to the impairment of lung function and subsequent lung diseases including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Compared with antibiotics and corticosteroids therapies, traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions are more effective with fewer side effects. A considerable variety of bioactive ingredients have been extracted and identified from Chinese herbal medicines and are used for the treatment of different lung diseases, including resveratrol. Increasing studies have reported promising therapeutic effects of resveratrol against lung diseases by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, aging, fibrosis and cancer both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the recent progress in the studies of lung-protective effects and underlying mechanisms of resveratrol and also highlight the potency of resveratrol and traditional Chinese prescriptions containing resveratrol as promising therapeutic options were summarized for the treatment of lung and respiratory diseases.
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Pancreatic cancer is a digestive system tumor with insidious onset, high malignancy, and difficult diagnosis, and early diagnosis is the key to improving the survival rate and prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. This article introduces the research advances in abnormal methylation of cell-free DNA in pancreatic juice and the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and it is believed that the detection of cell-free DNA methylation in pancreatic juice may be an effective method for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Purpose@#This research was designed to investigate how miR-542-5p regulates the progression of hyperglycemia and hyperlipoidemia. @*Materials and Methods@#An in vivo model with diabetic db/db mice and an in vitro model with forskolin/dexamethasone (FSK/DEX)-induced primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were employed in the study. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the expression of candidate miRNAs in the liver tissues of diabetic and control mice. H&E staining revealed liver morphology in diabetic and control mice. Pyruvate tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were utilized to assess insulin resistance. ELISA was conducted to evaluate blood glucose and insulin levels. Red oil O staining showed lipid deposition in liver tissues. Luciferase reporter assay was used to depict binding between miR-542-5p and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). @*Results@#MiR-542-5p expression was under-expressed in the livers of db/db mice. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FSK/DEX, which mimics the effects of glucagon and glucocorticoids, induced cellular glucose production in HepG2 cells and in primaryhepatocytes cells. Notably, these changes were reversed by miR-542-5p. We found that transcription factor FOXO1 is a target of miR-542-5p. Further in vivo study indicated that miR-542-5p overexpression decreases FOXO1 expression, thereby reversing increases in blood glucose, blood lipids, and glucose-related enzymes in diabetic db/db mice. In contrast, anti-miR-542-5p exerted an adverse influence on blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism, and its stimulatory effects were significantly inhibited by sh-FOXO1 in normal control mice. @*Conclusion@#Collectively, our results indicated that miR-542-5p inhibits hyperglycemia and hyperlipoidemia by targeting FOXO1.
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Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome of extensive, aggressive muscle mass loss and function reducing, which seriously affects the quality of life and social participation of the elderly. Dysphagia can increase the prevalence of sarcopenia, in another hand, sarcopenia can also implicate swallow related muscles, to increase the risk of malnutrition and aspiration. In recent years, the concept of sarcopenic dysphagia has been widely recognized in many researches. Sarcopenia is mainly screened with CT, MRI, ultrasound, and other auxiliary examination, as well as consensus guidelines. Interventions for it mainly include functional training, nutrition management and drug therapy. Early identification and intervention are important for the outcome and quality of life of patients.
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Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based vector has shown great promise for human gene therapy, due to its advantage in eliciting long-term transgene expression, absence of adverse effect, infection ability to both dividing and non-dividing cells, non-genomic integration, and low immunotoxity. To date, three AAV-based products have been authorized to enter European and American markets, and more than 200 rAAV-based candidates are in the process of clinic trails. Nevertheless, domestic industry is facing the challenge of manufacturing clinical grade rAAV vector, and regulatory agencies are lack of practical experience in assessing such products. Herein, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of rAAV-based gene therapy products, and discusses some quality assessment concerns in raw materials, manufacturing process and quality control, expecting to promote its clinical transformation and application.
الملخص
Objective To explore the relationship between training burnout, sleep quality and heat regulation response, severe heatstroke in people performed 5-km armed cross-country training. Methods 600 male officers and soldiers who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in summer from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in environment with ambient temperature > 32 ℃ and (or) humidity > 65%. They were divided into two groups according to whether severe heatstroke occurred during 5-km armed cross-country training. The age, military age, body mass index (BMI), physical fitness score, external environment (such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index), training burnout score and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) score, heart rate (HR), core temperature (Tc), sweating volume and serum Na+, K+, Cl- levels were compared between the groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training were screened by binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 26 cases of severe heatstroke in 600 trainees who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training, with an incidence of 4.33%. There was no significant difference in age, military age, BMI, physical fitness score and external environment of 5-km armed cross-country training between people with or without severe heatstroke. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the dimensions of training burnout and the total average scores of training burnout of severe heatstroke personnel before 5-km armed cross-country training were increased significantly (physical and mental exhaustion score: 12.4±2.5 vs. 9.4±3.5, training alienation score: 8.8±2.8 vs. 5.8±2.3, low sense of achievement score: 8.2±2.7 vs. 5.6±2.3, total score of training burnout: 9.8±3.2 vs. 6.9±3.2, all P < 0.01), all factors except daytime dysfunction (DD) of PSQI and total PSQI score were also increased significantly [sleep quality (SQ) score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), fall asleep time (SL) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), sleep time (SH) score: 1.0 (0.8, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), sleep efficiency (SE) score: 1.0 (0, 1.0) vs. 0 (0, 0.8), sleep disorder (SD) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 2.0), total PSQI score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), all P < 0.01], HR was increased significantly at onset (bpm: 120.00±10.57 vs. 86.49±14.91, P < 0.01), Tc was increased significantly (℃: 41.46±0.57 vs. 37.97±0.83, P < 0.01), serum electrolyte contents were decreased significantly [Na+ (mmol/L): 130.54±5.97 vs. 143.15±10.56, K+ (mmol/L): 3.72±0.44 vs. 4.37±0.50, Cl- (mmol/L):97.58±4.80 vs. 102.10±2.39, all P < 0.01], and the amount of sweat during training was increased significantly (g: 395.81±16.16 vs. 371.88±40.76, P < 0.01). Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that total score of training burnout [odd ratio (OR) = 0.653, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.563-0.757], total PSQI score (OR =0.693, 95%CI = 0.525-0.916), HR (OR = 0.871, 95%CI = 0.838-0.908), Tc (OR = 0.088, 95%CI = 0.043-0.179), sweating volume (OR = 0.988, 95%CI = 0.979-0.997), Na+ (OR = 1.112, 95%CI = 1.069-1.158), K+ (OR = 13.900, 95%CI = 5.343-36.166), Cl- (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.252-1.550) were independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Increase in training burnout, total PSQI score, excessive changes of body heat regulation response and excessive loss of Na+, K+, Cl- in serum are independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training under the same conditions with high temperature and humidity environment.