Relatos de vida de estudiantes adolescentes en contexto de contradicción cultural al interior del aula / Life Stories of Teenage Students in the Context of Cultural Contradiction within the Classroom

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las vivencias de adolescentes con respecto a su paso por la escuela, caracterizando la contradicción cultural al interior del aula en contextos de vulnerabilidad social y pobreza económica. Desde un enfoque biográfico se entrevistaron 42 estudiantes de octavo año básico de siete escuelas de la provincia de Concepción (Chile). Los resultados muestran características de un sentido de identidad cultural y de diferenciación respecto del rol y la posición del estudiante en la escuela, la cultura escolar y la forma en que se expresa en el aula, a través de sus profesores. Para algunos estudiantes la escuela es complementaria a "proyectos de vida". Para otros, la cultura de la escuela representa el lugar donde no se sienten libres, generando interpretaciones contradictorias a su identidad cultural.

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze the experiences of adolescent students with respect to their schooling by characterizing the cultural contradiction within the classroom in those that operate in the contexts of social vulnerability and economic poverty. 42 eighth-grade students from seven educational establishments from the area of Concepción, Chile, were interviewed with a focus on utilizing the biographical method. The results show characteristic features of a sense of cultural identity, as well as a sense of differentiation regarding the role and position of the student at the school, the culture which that position represents, and how it manifests itself in the classroom via the teachers. For some students, the school as complementary to "life projects". For other students, school represents some misinterpretations with respect to their cultural identity.

High-pressure balloon assessment of pelviureteric junction prior to laparoscopic "vascular hitch"

ABSTRACT Aim To assess if calibration of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) using a high-pressure balloon inflated at the UPJ level in patients with suspected crossing vessels (CV) could differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic stenosis prior to laparoscopic vascular hitch (VH). Materials and Methods We reviewed patients with UPJO diagnosed at childhood or adolescence without previous evidence of antenatal or infant hydronephrosis (10 patients). By cystoscopy, a high-pressure balloon is sited at the UPJ and the balloon inflated to 8-12 atm under radiological screening. We considered intrinsic PUJO to be present where a ‘waist’ was observed at the PUJ on inflation of the balloon and a laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is performed When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. Patients with absence of intrinsic PUJ stenosis documented with this method are included for the study. Results Six patients presented pure extrinsic stenosis. The mean age at presentation was 10.8 years. Mean duration of surgery was 99 min and mean hospital stay was 24 hours in all cases. We found no intraoperative or postoperative complications. All children remain symptoms free at a mean follow up of 14 months. Ultrasound and renogram improved in all cases. Conclusion When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. In these patients, laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels (‘vascular hitch’) may be a safe and reliable surgical technique.

Screening clínico mamográfico en mil pacientes / Clinical mammographic screening in a 1000 patients series

Los autores analizan una serie de mil pacientes (996 mujeres y 4 varones) con screening de mamografía y ecografía de mama. Se correlacionan los antecedentes, datos clínicos y hallazgos palpatorios, con las imágenes obtenidas, demostrando cual es nuestra experiencia en cuanto a características de benignidad y/o malignidad, poniendo de manifiesto la presencia de patologías poco frecuentes en relación a otros estudios estadísticos y ratificando la importancia del estudio mamográfico para la detección de lesiones subclínicas y la mejor evaluación de las lesiones palpables, como así también la relevancia que posee que el mismo operador evalúe clínica e imagenológicamente a la paciente