Parents' Emotional and Social Experiences of Caring a Child with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the emotional and social experiences of parents or caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in a city in the Northeastern of Brazil. Material and Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted among parents or caregivers of children with CL/P by interviews based on a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted during the First Smile Project in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. All participants (n=41) agreed to participate in the interview and signed an informed consent. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The majority of participants were female (87.2%), with a mean age of 37 years, with a low level of education and low family income. The great majority (90.2%) of the parents were not prenatally diagnosed to have CL/P babies. Of those interviewed, 56.1% mentioned that the first diagnosis of cleft lip and palate was not presented by the professionals in a clarifying way to the family. Fear (36.6%) and sadness (19.5%) were the main feelings experienced when the child was diagnosed with fissure. Feeding (48.8%) was pointed out as the main concern in caring for a child with CL/P. Conclusion: The parents and caregivers interviewed faced important emotional and social problems that must be addressed by the professional team that assists the child with CL/P.

Parents and caregivers' knowledge and attitudes toward children's toothbrushing

Introduction: Fluoride prevents tooth decay, but especially in young children, it is important to balance the anticaries effect of fluoride toothpastes versus the risk of dental fluorosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze parents' and caregivers' knowledge and attitudes toward their children's toothbrushing habits from 12 to 71 months of age, as well as to verify their knowledge about fluoride and toothpastes' dispensed amount. Methods: A semi-structured interview script was applied to a convenience sample of parents and caregivers (n = 63) at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of a public university. Respondents were asked to simulate the amount of toothpaste used in their children's brushing. Results were presented with absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Regarding their children's toothbrushing, 49.2% performed oral hygiene of their children; 31.7% mentioned that their children brushed under adult supervision; and 19.1% said their children brushed alone. When asked if they had already received guidance regarding the adequate amount of toothpaste to be dispensed, 54% stated they were never oriented. In 74.6% of cases, the amount dispensed exceeded the recommended dose for preschoolers. In addition, 57.1% reported that the toothpaste is within the reach of the child. Of the respondents, 66.7% pointed out the role of fluoride in caries prevention, and 73% were unaware of its toxicity. Conclusion: In general, parents had good oral hygiene practices with their children. However, most respondents did not use the appropriate amount of toothpaste for their children's age and were unaware of fluoride toxicity, although they could identify its purpose.

Introdução: O flúor pode prevenir a cárie dentária, porém, especialmente em crianças menores, é importante equilibrar o efeito anticárie dos dentifrícios fluoretados versus o risco de fluorose dentária. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o conhecimento e atitudes de pais e cuidadores sobre os hábitos de escovação de seus filhos de 12 a 71 meses de idade, bem como verificar seu conhecimento sobre flúor e quantidade utilizada de creme dental. Métodos: Um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado foi aplicado a uma amostra de conveniência de pais e cuidadores (n=63) na Clínica de Odontopediatria de uma universidade pública. Solicitou-se que os entrevistados simulassem a quantidade de creme dental utilizada na escovação de seus filhos. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Quanto à supervisão da escovação, 49,2% realizavam a higienização de seus filhos; 31,7% mencionaram que as próprias crianças escovavam sob supervisão de um adulto, e 19,1% responderam que seus filhos escovavam sozinhos. Quando perguntados como aprenderam a dispensar dentifrício na escova, 54% afirmaram que nunca foram orientados. Em 74,6% dos casos, a quantidade dispensada superou a dose recomendada para pré-escolares. Ademais, 57,1% relataram que o dentifrício fica ao alcance da criança. Dos entrevistados, 66,7% apontaram o papel do flúor na prevenção da cárie e 73% desconheciam sua toxicidade. Conclusão: Em geral, os entrevistados praticavam bons hábitos de escovação em seus filhos. Entretanto, a maioria da amostra estudada não utilizou a quantidade apropriada de dentifrício para a idade e desconhecia a toxicidade do flúor, apesar de identificar sua finalidade.