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Multiple studies has indicated an increased risk of cognitive decline in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and treatments targeting the abnormal metabolic components of MetS are considered to be able to prevent and delay the onset of dementia. Phosphatidylinosito-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway plays an important role in peripheral metabolism and brain biological function, and is a common signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of MetS and cognitive impairment. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been attempted to use as an entry point for treatment of cognitive impairment related with MetS. In our research, the mechanism of cognitive impairment in MetS through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is reviewed from aspects of glucose uptake, cholesterol synthesis, acetylcholine level, Aβ aggregation and tau protein phosphorylation in brain, which aims to clarify how PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participates in cognitive impairment related to comorbid MetS, and to find new targets for treating cognitive impairment related to comorbid MetS.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between body fat percentage (BF%) and high blood pressure among adolescents in Shanghai, and to provide basis for early prevention and intervention of cardcovascular diseases.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 5 148 adolescent students in 16 schools from 16 districts of Shanghai were selected. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body fat percentage. National Blood Pressure Reference for Chinese Han Children was used to define high blood pressure. And T test, chi-square test and Logistici regression were used to assess the relation between BF% with high blood pressure.@*Results@#The prevalence of high blood pressure in 5 148 junior middle school students in Shanghai was 10.98%, with girls (13.13%) higher than boys (8.99%)(χ 2=22.48, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of male students was (20.90±10.73)%, which decreased with age (linear trend variance is 10.04, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of girls was (25.14±8.03)%, which increased with age (linear trend variance is 69.23, P<0.01). After adjusted for age, diet, exercise and other influencing factors, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend with the increase of body fat percentage for both boys and girls. The risk of high blood pressure in boys with BF%≥P 90 was 12.43 times higher than that in boys with BF%<P 25(95%CI=6.98-22.14), while the risk of high blood pressure in girls with BF% ≥P 90 was 6.12 times higher than that in girls with BF%<P 25(95%CI=3.89-9.63).@*Conclusion@#There was a positive correlation between body fat percentage and high blood pressure in adolescents. The prevalence of high blood pressure increased with the increase of body fat percentage, which was more obvious in boys.
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Objective To explore the distribution of parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infection in patients with leukopenia.Methods Patients who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from January 2015 to June 2016 were analyzed.Patients with peripheral leucocytes count less than 3.5×109/L were included in experiment group and healthy people were included in control group.HPVB19 IgG and IgM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HPVB19 DNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Differences in continuous data between two groups were compared with two-sample t test and those in categorical data were compared with Chi-square test.Results A total of 79 patients were included in experiment group, including 32 males and 47 females.Ages ranged from 24 to 62 years old.And 126 healthy individuals were included in control group, including 55 males and 71 females.Ages ranged from 28 to 67 years old.The positive rates of HPVB19 IgG, IgM and DNA in experiment group were 34.2%, 5.1% and 3.8%, respectively, while those in control group were 36.5%, 0 and 0, respectively.The detection rates of HPVB19 IgM and DNA between two groups were significantly different (χ2=6.507, P=0.011 and χ2=4.856, P=0.028, respectively).Sequence analysis for 3 of the HPVB19 DNA positive samples showed that there were two single nucleotide polymorphisms in VP1/VP2 sequence from one patient, which contributed to the 153rd (L/H) and 219th (N/Y) amino acids mutations, respectively.Phylogenetic analysis found that two strains belong to genotype 1a and one strain belongs to genotype 1b.Conclusions Detection rate of parvovirus HPVB19 infection (positive rates of HPVB19 IgM and DNA) in leukopenic patients is significantly higher than healthy controls.HPVB19 should be detected before considering transfusion in leukopenic patients in clinical practice.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 5 effective components in Luohua zizhu dry extract. METHODS:UPLC-MS/MS was conducted. The separation was performed on an Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column with mo-bile phase of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40℃and sam-ple size was 2 μL. The analytes were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode. Nitrogen was used as drying gas and atomized gas. The temperature and flow rate of drying gas were 325 ℃ and 6 L/min. The pressure of atomized gas was 45 psi. The temperature and flow rate of sheath gas were 350℃and 12 L/min. The voltage of capillary were 4000 V(+)and 3500 V(-). The voltage of nozzle was 500 V. RESULTS:The linear ranges of luteoloside,acteoside,quercetin,luteolin and rutin were 0.5048-252.4 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.7124-356.2 ng/mL(r=0.9990),0.5094-254.7 ng/mL(r=0.9962),0.3030-151.5 ng/mL(r=0.9998) and 0.6022-301.1 ng/mL(r=0.9996),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all less than 3.0%. The limit of quantitation were 0.42,0.87,0.33,0.12,0.76 ng/mL. The recoveries were 97.99%-101.20%(RSD=1.3%,n=6), 96.50%-101.20%(RSD=1.7%,n=6), 94.81%-99.34%(RSD=1.7%,n=6), 97.54%-100.51%(RSD=1.2%,n=6), 93.37%-98.70%(RSD=1.9%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible, and can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 effective components in Luohua zizhu dry extract.
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Background Our previous study showed that curcumin suppresses the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro and has an influence on the signal transduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosinc monophosphate (cGMP).Actually,the regulation for biological behavior of LECs in vivo is complex.Objective This study was to investigate the changes of signal transduction of protein kinase (PK) in inhibition of curcumin on human LECs proliferation.Methods HLE-B3 was cultured and then divided into the blank control group,recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) group and rhbFGF+ curcumin group.rhbFGF of 10 ng/ml was added in the medium in the rhbFGF group,and 20 mg/L curcumin was added into rhbFGF-induced cell medium for 24 hours in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group.The expression rates of PKA,PKC,PKG and calmodulin (CaM) in the cells were assayed using flow cytometry.Results The expression rates of PKA protein were (46.847± 1.673) ％,(33.250 ± 2.242) ％ and (71.645 ±2.432) ％ in the blank control group,rhbFGF group and the rhbFGF+ curcumin group,respectively,and the expression rate of PKA protein was significantly reduced in the rhbFGF group compared with the blank control group (t =11.904,P＜0.01),but the expression rate of PKA protein in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group was significnatly higher than that in the rhbFGF group (t=28.430,P＜0.01).In the blank control group,rhbFGF group and the rhbFGF+ curcumin group,the expression rates of PKC protein in the cells were (35.575± 1.937) ％,(50.652±2.068) ％ and (27.662t4.481) ％,those of PKG protein were (63.838±0.486) ％,(86.562 ± 1.325) ％ and (40.733 ± 2.175) ％,while those of CaM protein were (67.408± 1.391)％,(83.887±3.499)％ and (53.785 ± 1.942)％,the expression rates of PKC,PKG and CaM were significantly lower in the rhbFGF group in comparison with the blank control group (all at P＜0.01),and those in the rhbFGF+ curcumin group were significantly declined in comparison with the rhbFGF group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Suppression of curcumin on HLE-B3 proliferation probably is associated with the up-regulation of PKA expression and down-regulation of PKC,PKG and CaM expression in the cells.
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It is known that ischemic cerebrovascular disease is causing enormous harm to human health on account of the resultant high morbidity and disability rate. In this connexion, the anticipated target is to control the size of focal ischemic cerebral infarction, which is also an important method for judgment of therapeutic efficacy. The key question is to survey the size accurately and objectively; at the same time, the quantitative analysis of focal ischemic cerebral infarction is the pivotal question affecting the experiment conclusion and the reliability level. In this paper are introduced and summarized the methods being recently and commonly used in survey and computation, and the studies made on quantitative analysis of focal ischemic cerebral infarction by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method. Also are summarized the principles of dyeing in TTC method, the preparatory work, and the commonly used method of surveying and computation. It is the intent of this review to provide relevant data and suggestion for research workers.
الموضوعات
Animals , Humans , Brain Ischemia , Pathology , Cerebral Infarction , Pathology , Coloring Agents , Reperfusion Injury , Pathology , Tetrazolium Saltsالملخص
Objective To suppress the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a primary goal in prevention of after cataract. Recent study demonstrated an effective inhibition of elemene(Ele) on tumor cells. Present study was to investigate the effects of Ele on proliferation and cell cycle of human LECs B3 (HLE-B3). Methods Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor(rhbFGF) was utilized to induce proliferation of HLE-B3. Proliferative HLE-B3 was incubated with 80 mg/L Ele in CO_2 incubator for 24 hours. Then the inhibitory effects of Ele on proliferation of HLE-B3 was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT). The effect of Ele on HLE-B3 morphology was observed under the optical microscope. The effect of Ele on HLE-B3 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). Results MTT test showed that the optical density (OD) value of rhbFGF group was remarkably higher than that of control group(0. 599 0 ± 0. 053 1 versus 0. 409 1 ± 0. 042 2) (P ＜ 0. 01), and that of Ele group(0. 450 0 ±0. 061 4) was obviously declined in comparison to rhbFGF group(P ＜0. 01) . The inhibitory rate of Ele was 24.90 %. In proliferation group, the number of HLE-B3 was increased with the normal cell structure and abundant cytoplasm under the optical microscope. However, in Ele group, the number of HLE-B3 was evidently decreased with less cytoplasm, undistinguished cell structure, condensed and aggregated nucleuses. The result of flow cytometer showed that the percentage of HLE-B3 in G_1 phase in rhbFGF group was 42. 062% ± 1. 270% and that in control group was 46. 422% ±3. 765% with a significant difference(P ＜ 0. 05). HLE-B3 in G_1 phase in Ele group (60. 665% ±2.069%) was evidently increased in comparison with rhbFGF group (P ＜ 0. 01). HLE-B3 in S phase in rhbFGF group compared with control group was increased (51.647% ±1.123% versus 31.842% ± 2. 798%) (P ＜ 0. 01), but that in S phase in Ele group(30. 222% ±3.429%) was lower than rhbFGF group (P ＜ 0. 01). HLE-B3 in G_2 phase in rhbFGF group was decreased in comparison with control group (6. 288% ± 0. 966% versus 21. 735% ± 3. 806%, P ＜ 0. 01), and that in G_2 phase in Ele group (9. 112% ± 1. 659%) compared with proliferation group was increased (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Ele could alter the cell cycle of HLE-B3 and effectively inhibit the HLE-B3 proliferation induced by rhbFGF. Ele may be a reliable and effective drug for prevention and treatment of after cataract.
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Two highly conserved and with abundant quantity of lipoproteins in outer membrane of pathogenic species,but not in saprophytic species of leptospira ,LipL32 and LipL21,were selected to construct the fusion gene DNA vaccine pVAX1/LipL21-LipL32,and its ability to induce immune responses in BALB/c mice inoculated with this recombinant DNA vaccine was investigated in the present study.Expression of the fusion-protein LiPL21-LiPL32 was demonstrated in HEK293 cells following transfection with the fusion gene DNA vaccine and the immune responses induced after intramuscular inoculation with this DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice was then evaluated by microscopic agglutination test (MAT),meanwhile the ELISA assay was used to detect the cytokines induced.It was demonstrated that significant level of specific antibodies agglutinating antigens of Leptospira interrogans could be detected by MAT after DNA vaccine inoculation.The production of cytokines IL-10 and TNF-β in mice inoculated with DNA vaccine pVAX1/LipL21-LipL32 was significantly increased in comparison with that of the group inoculated with pVAX1 alone.These results indicate that the recombinant DNA vaccine pVAX1/LipL21-LipL32 may be of potential value to design and develop new generation of vaccines against leptospirosis.
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Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 during the course of traumatic PVR treated with GM6001 and without GM6001,and to explore the potential role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 during the course of traumatic PVR and to evaluate the effect of GM6001 on traumatic PVR prevention and treatment.Methods 360 SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal control group,the traumatic PVR group,the traumatic PVR treated with GM6001 group.The normal control group was intravitreous injected with normal saline.The traumatic PVR group was intravitreous injected with the PRP.The traumatic PVR treated with GM6001 group was intravitreous injected with the PRP and GM6001.The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were qualitativly and semiquantitativly analyzed with immunohistochemistry on day 1,3,7,14,21 and 28.Results 1.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of MMP-2,TIMP-2 was mainly located in the photoreceptor cells layer,out plexiform layer,inner plexiform layer and nerve fiber layer.2.The expression of MMP-2 in the normal group and the traumatic PVR treated with GM6001 group was weak at all time.The differences were statistical significance as compared with the normal group and the traumatic PVR treated with GM6001 group(P