Clinical Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Prescription Combined with Acupuncture on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis with Gastric Blood Stasis and Its Impact on Inflammatory Indicators and Gastric Mucosal Function / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the application effect of Jianpi Huoxue prescription combined with acupuncture in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） of gastric blood stasis type. MethodA total of 86 patients with CAG admitted to Wuhan First Hospital from November 2021 to March 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine， while the observation group was treated with Jianpi Huoxue prescription combined with acupuncture. The clinical efficacy， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， pathological score， negative conversion rate of Helicobacter pylori （Hp）， inflammatory indicators ［neutrophils/lymphocytes （NLR） and interleukin （IL）-1β］， changes in levels of gastric protease （PG） Ⅰ， PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ， and gastrin-17 （G-17）， and drug safety during treatment were observed after treatment in both groups. ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group ［95.35% （41/43）］ was significantly better than that of the control group ［79.07% （34/43）］， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=5.108， P<0.05）. After treatment， the scores of the primary and secondary TCM syndromes in the observation group and the control group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the scores of primary and secondary TCM syndromes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the pathological scores of gastric mucosa atrophy， activity， chronic inflammation， intestinal metaplasia， and dysplasia were significantly lower in the observation group and control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the pathological scores of gastric mucosa atrophy， activity， chronic inflammation， intestinal metaplasia， and dysplasia in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the Hp conversion rate in the observation group was significantly increased compared with the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of inflammatory indicators NLR and IL-1β in the observation group and control group were significantly lower （P<0.05）， and the levels of inflammatory indicators NLR and IL-1β in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of PGI and PGⅠ/PGⅡ in the observation group and control group were significantly higher （P<0.05）， and the levels of PGI and PGⅠ/PGⅡ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the G-17 level of the observation group and the control group was different at different time points （P<0.05）， and the G-17 level of the observation group was higher at different time points than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The G-17 level of the observation group had an increasing trend compared with the control group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the risk of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionThe combination of Jianpi Huoxue prescription and acupuncture can effectively alleviate symptoms， increase Hp negative conversion rate， inhibit inflammation， and regulate PG and G-17 levels in CAG patients， thus controlling or even reversing gastric mucosal atrophy and reducing the probability of its progression to gastric cancer.

Effect of Sinisan on Oxidative Stress in Cholestatic Hepatitis Rats Based on Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway， this paper explores the effect of Sinisan （SNS） on liver oxidative stress injury in cholestatic hepatitis rats and its mechanism. MethodThirty 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group， model group， low and high dose groups of SNS （2.5 and 5 g·kg-1） and ursodeoxycholic acid group （UDCA， 63 mg·kg-1）， with six rats in each group. Rats were administrated for seven consecutive days. On the 5th day， the control group was given olive oil of 10 mL·kg-1， and the other groups were given alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate （ANIT） of 80 mg·kg-1. The serum biochemical indicator levels of cholestasis and the content of antioxidant factors in rat liver were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in liver tissue. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， and quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） in liver tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed a significant increase in the serum biochemical indicator levels of cholestasis and the content of antioxidant factors in liver tissue （P<0.01）. There were obvious pathological changes in the model group such as the disordered arrangement of hepatocytes， obvious congestion and necrosis in the portal area， infiltration of inflammatory cells， and destruction of the interlobular bile duct. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， and NQO1 in liver tissue were significantly down-regulated in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups of SNS showed a significant decrease in the serum biochemical indicator levels of cholestasis and the content of antioxidant factors in liver tissue （P<0.01）， and the pathological liver injury was obviously improved. The necrotic area was reduced， and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was decreased. In addition， there was a small amount of extravasated blood in the interlobular vein. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， and NQO1 in liver tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSNS can significantly improve liver injury in cholestatic hepatitis rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress response mediated by the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

The past, present and future of tuberculosis treatment / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient infectious disease. Before the availability of effective drug therapy, it had high morbidity and mortality. In the past 100 years, the discovery of revolutionary anti-TB drugs such as streptomycin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin, along with drug combination treatment, has greatly improved TB control globally. As anti-TB drugs were widely used, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emerged due to acquired genetic mutations, and this now presents a major problem for effective treatment. Genes associated with drug resistance have been identified, including katG mutations in isoniazid resistance, rpoB mutations in rifampin resistance, pncA mutations in pyrazinamide resistance, and gyrA mutations in quinolone resistance. The major mechanisms of drug resistance include loss of enzyme activity in prodrug activation, drug target alteration, overexpression of drug target, and overexpression of the efflux pump. During the disease process, Mycobacterium tuberculosis may reside in different microenvironments where it is expose to acidic pH, low oxygen, reactive oxygen species and anti-TB drugs, which can facilitate the development of non-replicating persisters and promote bacterial survival. The mechanisms of persister formation may include toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules, DNA protection and repair, protein degradation such as trans-translation, efflux, and altered metabolism. In recent years, the use of new anti-TB drugs, repurposed drugs, and their drug combinations has greatly improved treatment outcomes in patients with both drug-susceptible TB and MDR/XDR-TB. The importance of developing more effective drugs targeting persisters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is emphasized. In addition, host-directed therapeutics using both conventional drugs and herbal medicines for more effective TB treatment should also be explored. In this article, we review historical aspects of the research on anti-TB drugs and discuss the current understanding and treatments of drug resistant and persistent tuberculosis to inform future therapeutic development.

Application value of thyroid fine needle aspiration fluid-based thin layer cytology combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 detection in the preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the application value of ultrasound-guided thyroid fine needle aspiration liquid-based thin layer cytopathology combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 detection in preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Meth-ods Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the ex-pression differences of p21 and Cyclin D1 between benign and malignant thyroid nodules,and their correlations the clinicopath-ological features.The diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB,p21,Cyclin D1 and the three combined detection in benign and malig-nant thyroid nodules was evaluated by constructing receiver oper-ating curve.Results The expression of p21 and Cyclin D1 was up-regulated in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group,86.36%(57/66)and 93.94%(62/66),and 1.96%(1/52)and 5.77%(3/52)in the benign nodule group,respectively;the difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).The positive rates of p21 and Cyclin D1 in BRAF V600E wild type PTC were 88.89%(8/9).The expression of p21 and Cyc-lin D1 was correlated with the tumor size of PTC(P<0.05),but not with gender,age,number of tumor foci,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P>0.05).The sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection were 95.45%,98.07%,98.43%and 94.44%,respectively,which were higher than those of US-FNAB independent detection,and the sensitivity and negative predictive value were higher than those of BRAF V600E.The area under ROC curve of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection(AUC = 0.967 7)was larger than that of US-FNAB(AUC = 0.849 9)and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under ROC curve of the combined detection of the three was greater than that of independent detection of BRAF V600E(AUC =0.931 8),and the combined detection of US-FNAB with p21(AUC = 0.946 4)or Cyclin D1(AUC = 0.944 3).It was close to that of US-FNAB combined BRAF V600E detection(AUC = 0.971 2).Conclusion US-FNAB combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical detec-tion can help improve the sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and it has high diagnostic value for BRAF V600E wild-type papillary carcinoma.

Association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome among adult residents in Anhui province / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) among adult residents with different characteristics and the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA) level and MS using the data of Chinese Adult Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance(2018) program in Anhui.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select participants aged 18 and over for questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. The complex weighted method was used to estimate the prevalence of MS among residents with different characteristics. Logistic regression model based on complex sampling data was used to analyze the relationship between SUA and MS. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the reliability of SUA in diagnosing MS and determine the optimal cutoff point.Results:A total of 7 182 participants were included and the prevalence of MS among adult residents was 29.46%. The prevalence of MS was higher in females(33.76%) than that in males(25.28%), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). After adjusting for other factors, for every 10 μmol/L increase in SUA, the risk of MS increased by 4% in males( OR=1.040, 95% CI 1.019-1.061) and 7% in females( OR=1.070, 95% CI 1.059-1.082). The area under the curve(AUC) for SUA in diagnosing MS was 0.816(95% CI 0.806-0.826), with a sensitivity of 0.761 and specificity of 0.727. The optimal cutoff point for SUA was 450 μmol/L. Conclusion:The prevalence of MS among adult residents in Anhui Province is 29.46%. SUA is a risk factor for MS, and increasing SUA level indicated a higher risk of MS. The optimal cutoff value of SUA may be helpful in diagnosing MS.

Correlation study of alterations of macular outer retinal reflectivity and the associations with macular vessel density in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe alterations of macular outer retinal reflectivity (ORR) and the associations with macular vessel density in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study. From August 2021 to March 2022, a total of 63 NPDR patients with 63 eyes (NPDR group) diagnosed by Department of Ophthalmology of Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital were included in the study. There were 39 males with 39 eyes and 24 females with 24 eyes. Age was 60 (52, 68) years. A total of 66 eyes of 66 healthy volunteers matching age and sex were selected as the control group. Among them, 40 men had 40 eyes and 26 women had 26 eyes. Age was 58 (52, 67) years. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed in all affected eyes. Image J software was used to calculate ORR, including the optical density of ellipsoid zone (EZ), photoreceptor outer segment (OS), photoreceptor inner segment (IS) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) by OCT examination. The sampling sites were horizontal and vertical scanning of the fovea of the macula on 500 μm (nasal 500, temporal 500, superior 500, inferior 500), 1 000 μm (nasal 1 000, temporal 1 000, superior 1 000, inferior 1 000) and 2 000 μm (nasal 2 000, temporal 2 000, superior 2 000, inferior 2 000). The software automatically divided the retina within 6 mm of the macular fovea into the fovea with a diameter of 1 mm, the parafovea with a diameter of 1-3 mm, and the perifovea with a diameter of 3-6 mm by macular OCTA examination. The blood density of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus in different zones in the macular area were measured by the built-in software of the device. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ORR and blood flow density. Results:Compared with the control group, retinal reflectivity of EZ in NPDR group was significantly decreased at other sites except the fovea, retinal reflectivity of OS was significantly decreased at nasal 2 000, temporal 2 000, superior 2 000 and superior 1 000; retinal reflectivity of IS was significantly decreased at superior 1 000, superior 500 and inferior 500. The retinal reflectivity of ONL in macular fovea was significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ORR was positively correlated with blood flow density, and the correlation coefficient in NPDR group was lower than that in control group. The results of multifactor linear regression analysis showed that the superior and temporal ORR were correlated with blood flow density ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the control group, ORR is reduced and less correlated with vessel density in NPDR patients. ORR is more affected by retinal blood flow density in temporal and superior parts.

Systemic factors associated with treatment response in patients with diabetic macular edema / 中华眼底病杂志

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss and even blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial factor therapy has become the gold standard management of DME. However, not all eyes response optimally to common management of DME, which could be due to the differences of individual factors. Increasing age could be the predictive factors for poor outcome. The influence of glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and relative factors on treatment response require further investigation. Identifying the systemic factors that influence the treatment response of DME can provide the evidence to predict the prognosis of DME, and improve the efficacy of clinical treatment.

JIAO Mian-zhai's academic characteristics on acupuncture / 中国针灸

Professor JIAO Mian-zhai 's academic characteristics and needling essentials in acupuncture field are introduced in the paper. Professor JIAO integrated martial arts and qigong with acupuncture needling technique, and then created his own "yunzhang bafa" (eight kinds of palm movement and qi training method) and modified the basic skills for finger strength practice and needling techniques. On the base of the needling techniques exerted by both hands, he developed a set of "JIAO 's needling techniques", including the manipulations of needle insertion and withdrawal. He proposed that the compound needling techniques for reinforcing and reducing should be cooperated with the physician's respiratory rhythm. Besides, he clarified the operation timing of reinforcing and reducing techniques to ensure the full play to the curative effect of acupuncture.

Prognosis prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on autophagy related genes / 生物医学工程学杂志

Autophagy is a programmed cell degradation process that is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including malignant tumors. Abnormal induction of autophagy plays a key role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We established a prognosis prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on autophagy related genes. Two hundred and four differentially expressed autophagy related genes and basic information and clinical characteristics of 377 registered hepatocellular carcinoma patients were retrieved from the cancer genome atlas database. Cox risk regression analysis was used to identify autophagy-related genes associated with survival, and a prognostic model was constructed based on this. A total of 64 differentially expressed autophagy related genes were identified in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Five risk factors related to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, including TMEM74, BIRC5, SQSTM1, CAPN10 and HSPB8. Age, gender, tumor grade and stage, and risk score were included as variables in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The results showed that risk score was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HR = 1.475, 95% CI = 1.280-1.699, P < 0.001). In addition, the area under the curve of the prognostic risk model was 0.739, indicating that the model had a high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The results suggest that the new prognostic risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma, established by combining the molecular characteristics and clinical parameters of patients, can effectively predict the prognosis of patients.

Radix Kansui Stir-Fried with Vinegar Reduces Radix Kansui-Related Hepatotoxicity in Mice via Mitochondrial Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of Radix Kansui (RK) stir-fried with vinegar (VRK) decreased hepatotoxicity in mice.@*METHODS@#According to a random number table, 40 mice were randomly divided into negative control group (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium, 20 mL/kg), positive control group (0.1% mixture of carbon tetrachloride in soybean oil, 20 mL/kg), RK group (the ethyl acetate extracts of RK, 250 g crude drug/kg) and VRK group (the ethyl acetate extracts of VRK, 250 g crude drug/kg) with 10 mice per group. All mice were administered orally by gavage daily for 7 continuous days. The morphology of liver tissues was examined to assess the liver injury by a transmission electron microscope. Hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nickend labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunohistochemical technique was adopted to detect the expression of particular antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins in the mitochondrial pathways, including B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and caspase-3, as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).@*RESULTS@#Liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis were observed in RK mice, and the liver injury were significantly reduced in VRK-treated mice. In immunohistochemistry study, compared with the negative control group, RK inhibited dramatically the Bcl-2 protein expression and significantly increased the expression of caspase-3, NF- κ B and ICAM-1 (all P<0.01). Compared with the RK group, VRK group induced significant increase on Bcl-2 protein expression, and decreased the caspase-3, NF- κ B and ICAM-1 protein expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The mechanism of reduced hepatotoxicity of VRK may be associated with the reduced inflammation, regulation of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic mediators in the mitochondrial pathway.

Analysis of peripheral pathological features of diabetic retinopathy based on ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of peripheral retinopathy in Chinese patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:A cross-sectional study. From January to December 2019, 265 cases of 388 eyes of DR patients diagnosed in the eye examination of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 211 eyes in 148 males and 177 eyes in 117 females; the average age was 58.4±12.3 years. Ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging (UWF) examination was performed by Daytona in Aalborg, UK. Use Photoshop to simulate the standard 7-azimuth (S7F) area, which was used as the central retinal area 1-7. The peripheral retinal areas 3-7 (P3-P7) were the adjacent peripheral retinal areas of the central retinal area 3-7, respectively. Divided DR into peripheral lesion predominant type (PPL) and central lesion predominant type (PCL). PPL was defined as at least one peripheral retinal area with more severe disease than its adjacent central area. χ 2 test was performed on the difference of PPL composition ratio in each retinal area of eyes with different DR stages. Results:Among 388 eyes, 200 eyes were PPL (51.5%, 200/388). Compared of PPL composition ratios of eyes with different stages of DR, mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative DR were 32 (36.8%, 32/87), 89 (55.3%, 89/161)), 42 (51.9%, 42/81), 37 (62.6%, 37/59), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.440, P=0.010). Comparison of the distribution of PPL in each retinal area in DR eyes: in 200 PPL eyes, areas 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have 87, 101, 78, 67, and 38 eyes, respectively. The distribution of PPL in each retinal area in DR eyes was compared, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=37.640, P<0.001). Conclusions:PPL accounts for 51.5% of the eyes with DR. The DR stage are more severe, the proportion of PPL is higher. The temporal retinal peripheral lesions are the most common.

Multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction and its application in the extraction and separation of multi-components from traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction not only has the advantages of high selectivity, large adsorption capacity, easy preparation, reuse and low environmental pollution, but also can realize the enrichment and separation of many kinds of compounds. It has attracted wide attention in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine components. This study summarizes the latest development of multi-template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. At the same time, based on the classification of active components of traditional Chinese medicine (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanol, terpenes, etc.), the latest application of multi-template molecular imprinting solid phase extraction in multi-component separation of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed, with a view to better application of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer in active multi-component extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine and provide reference for the material basic research of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.

Changes of macular vessel density and structures in different early stages of diabetic retinopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of macular perfusion and structures in patients with early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.Forty eyes of 27 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (NDR), forty eyes of 24 patients with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and forty eyes of 28 patients with moderate NPDR were recruited in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from June 2017 to August 2018.RTVue-XR OCTA was used to scan a 6 mm×6 mm area centered in the fovea and the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) vessel density, fovea avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, acircularity index (AI), and vessel density of a 300 μm wide ring area around FAZ (FD300) were quantified.The associations among stages of DR and macular vessel density, structures were analyzed.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (No.2016232A).Results:The vessel density of SVC and DVC tended to decrease as the progression of DR.The vessel density of SVC was (51.25±3.27)%, (48.81±3.99)%, (47.00±3.49)%, (45.73±3.35)%, and the vessel density of DVC was (53.89±6.30)%, (49.94±6.05)%, (46.69±4.87)% and (44.78±4.30)% in the control group, NDR group, mild NPDR group, and moderate NPDR group, respectively.The vessel densities of SVC and DVC were statistically different among the four groups ( F=18.33, 21.53; both at P<0.01). The vessel density of SVC and DVC in the NDR group, mild NPDR group, moderate NPDR group was significantly lower than that in the control group (all at P<0.01). The vessel densities of FD300 in the mild NPDR group and moderate NPDR group were significantly lower than that in the control group (all at P<0.01). The FAZ area of the control group, NDR group, mild NPDR group, and moderate NPDR group was (0.31±0.11), (0.32±0.09), (0.34±0.13), and (0.37±0.10)mm 2, respectively.There was no significant difference in the FAZ area among the four groups ( F=2.18, P=0.09). The FAZ perimeter and AI were significantly higher in the moderate NPDR group than those in the control group (both at P<0.05). Conclusions:OCTA is able to detect the decrease of vessel density in diabetic patients before the occurrence of visible fundus lesions.The vessel density of SVC and DVC in patients with early stages of DR is decreased.DVC vessel density may be a sensitive marker to indicate DR.FD300 is not significantly decreased until mild NPDR, FAZ area and perimeter are significantly increased in moderate NPDR, indicating a more irregular FAZ.

An Empirical Study on the Change of Medicine Price Level in China / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To reflect the changes of medicine price level in China after canceling the maximum retail price limit, and to provide reference for the improvement of medicine price policy. METHODS: This research utilizes data of Chinese medicine economic information database of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association from January 2015 to March 2019 and compiles comprehensive and classified chained fisher price indexes among diverse policy control levels and different treatment categories. RESULTS: Over the past four years, the sale of west medicine(WM) by Chinese medical institutions showed a trend of decreasing price, with a decline of 13.99%. And the price of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) showed a trend of first rising and then falling, with a decline of 3.54%. From the analysis on different policy control levels, the price of medical insurance WM, non-medical insurance WM, medical insurance TCM and non-medical insurance TCM decreased by 13.32%, 14.27%, 1.36% and 14.29%, respectively. The price of medical insurance TCM fell less. And the price of non-medical insurance TCM rose and fell too quickly in a short period of time, and its fluctuation was obvious. Among medical insurance medicines, the price of category A WM raised by 4.5%, while the prices of category B WM, category A TCM and category B TCM dropped by 15.90%, 0.66% and 1.47%, respectively. The price of essential WM, non-essential WM, essential TCM and non-essential TCM reduced by 13.72%, 13.90%, 3.70% and 3.60%, respectively. From the analysis on different treatment categories, the prices of diabetes medicines, hypertension medicines and systemic anti-infection medicines decreased by 6.78%, 10.42% and 12.72%, respectively. Anticancer medicines had largest price decline with 26.69%. CONCLUSION: After canceling the maximum retail price limit, the price of WM declines steadily, while the price of TCM first rises and then falls. The changes of medicine prices vary greatly at different policy control levels. The trends of medicine price reduction among different treatment categories are the same, but the differences are large.

Electroencephalogram characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Cognitive reappraisal is an important strategy for emotion regulation. Studies show that even healthy people may not be able to implement this strategy successfully, but the underlying neural mechanism behind the behavioral observation of success or failure of reappraisal is unclear. In this paper, 28 healthy college students participated in an experiment of emotional regulation with the cognitive reappraisal strategy. They were asked to complete the cognitive psychological questionnaires before the experiment. Their behavioral scores and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were collected simultaneously during the experiment. We divided all the subjects into two groups, according to the statistical test of valence scores. Then we analyzed their questionnaires, early event-related potential (ERP) components N200, P200, and late positive potential (LPP), and calculated the correlation between the valence score and the amplitude of LPP. The results showed that, in both groups, compared with negative-watching, the reappraisal induced larger N200 and P200 components and there were two modulation patterns ("increase" and "decrease") of the reappraisal effect on the amplitude of early LPP (300-1 000 ms after stimulus onset). Moreover, correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlation between two differences in the successful group, i.e., the greater difference in the valence scoresin between reappraisal and negative-watching, the greater difference in the amplitude of early LPP between reappraisal and negative-watching; but no such effect was found in the failure group. These results indicated that, whether reappraisal was successful or not, no significant effect on early ERP components was found; and there were different patterns of the reappraisal effect on early LPP. The difference between successful and failure groups was mainly reflected in early LPP, that is, the EEG characteristics and behavioral scores of successful group were significantly positively correlated. Furthermore, the small sample analysis showed that this correlation only existed in the pattern of "increase". In the future, more research of this modulation mode is necessary in order to find more stable EEG characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation.

Clinical significance of CTP combined with ABIC score in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the risk factors affecting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), and establish a new scoring model to predict the short-term prognosis of patients.@*Methods@#This study enrolled 222 patients with HBV-ACLF. According to their clinical outcomes during hospitalization and 90 days after discharge, they were divided into survival and death group. Clinical data were collected to calculate the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), and age-bilirubin-international normalized ratio-creatinine (ABIC) scores for prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients. Cox regression model was used to establish a new prediction model. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate short-term prognostic value of the models. K-M survival curve was used to predict the prognosis of patients.@*Results@#CTP and ABIC scores were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients, and the risk of death from liver failure had increased with increase of score. Cox regression model established a new predictive model CTP-ABIC = 0.551 × CTP + 0.297 × ABIC. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of all three scoring models (CTP, ABIC and CTP-ABIC) were 0.878, 0.829, 0.927, respectively. CTP-ABIC score was superior to the CTP and ABIC score (P value < 0.001). Patients with CTP-ABIC score ≥9.08 had higher mortality rate than patients with CTP-ABIC score < 9.08, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).@*Conclusion@#All three scoring systems can predict short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF, but the accuracy of CTP-ABIC is superior.

Correlation between macular blood flow density, structure and age in normal eyes / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the changes of blood flow density in the macular area of normal eyes,and to analyze its correlation with age.Methods A cross-sectional study.Two hundred and fifty normal healthy subjects (125 males and 125 females,aged 44.76± 14.77) in routine ophthalmologic examination at the Department of Ophtalmology of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital during June 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled.Among them,20 to 29,30 to 39,40 to 49,50 to 59,and ≥ 60 years old were 50 subjects (50 eyes) in each.BCVA,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,OCT angiography (OCTA) examinations were conducted for all eyes.The subjects were examined by both eyes,and the data of 1 eye was selected by EXCEL to generate random numbers,including 126 right eyes and 124 left eyes.The range of 6 mm × 6 mm in the macular area was scanned using a frequency domain OCTA instrument.The software automatically divides it into three concentric circles centered on the macular fovea,which were foveal area with a diameter of 1 mm,parafoveal area of 1 to 3 mm,and foveal peripheral area of 3 to 6 mm.The blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel,deep capillary vessel and foveal avascular area (FAZ) within a 300 μm width (FD-300),FAZ area,perimeter (PERIM),non-circularity index,center retinal thickness (CRT) were measured.The relationship between the blood flow density in macula,CRT,FAZ and age was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The mean blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel were (51.61 ± 2.54)％ and (54.04± 5.46)％,respectively.The average FD-300,CRT,PERIM and non-circularity index were (285.55 ± 12.13) μm,(2.150 ± 0.367) mm,1.10 ± 0.04,respectively.The relevance of the results showed that the age was negatively correlated with the blood flow density of whole area (r=-0.335,-0.279;P＜0.01),parafoveal area (r=-0.255,-0.368;P＜0.01),foveal peripheral area (r=-0.330,-0.269;P＜0.01) in superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel as well as FD-300 (r=-0.311,P＜0.01),but not correlated with the blood flow density of foveal area (r=-0.071,-0.118;P=0.264,0.064).There was no relationship between the age and the FAZ area,PERIM,non-circularity index (r=-0.070,-0.055,0.074;P=-0.267,0.385,0.142).The age was negatively correlated with the average CRT (r=-0.217,P＜0.01),but not correlated with the CRT in foveal area (r=0.115,P=0.068).The CRT was positively correlated with the blood flow density of superficial capillary vessel and deep capillary vessel in foveal area (r=0.715,0.653;P＜0.01),but negatively correlated with the FAZ area (r=-0.669,P＜0.01).Conclusion The capillary blood flow density ofmacular area in the normal eyes decreases with age.

Performance Evaluation of the CLIA and ECLIA for Anti-TP Screening in Blood Donors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the performance of the chemiluminescence immune assay (CLIA) and the electro-chemiluminescence immuneoassay(ECLIA) for Treponemapallidum antibody（anti-TP） screening in blood donors.@*METHODS@#The sero-panel samples from NCCL were tested with ELISA, CLIA and ECLIA assays synchronously to evaluate their performances respectively.@*RESULTS@#The sensitivity and the negative predictive value of the CLIA were 100%, which were the same as one kind of ELISA, and better than the other ELISA; The specificity of the CLIA was 88.46%, the accuracy rate was 97.02%, the positive predictive value was 96.13%, which were higher than both ELISA. Due to the significant interference of sample heat inactivation in ECLIA detection, the result can not demonstrate the true performance of ECLIA in this study. The preliminary result was as follows: the sensitivity was 98.93%, the negative predictive value was 96.75%, and the accuracy rate, specificity and positive predictive value of ECLIA were 97.02%, 91.54% and 97.10% respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with ELISA, the CLIA has higher sensitivity and specificity and can be used for Treponemal antibody screening in blood bank. Unfortunately, the data in this study cannot come to a conclusion for ECLIA and needs more testing.

Effects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar on liver and gastrointestinal toxicity of zebrafish embryos / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of different fraction of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar on liver and gastrointestinal toxicity of zebrafish embryos,the zebrafish embryos after fertilized 12 h(12 hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of solution until 96 h(96 hpf),for observation of the toxicity response of the liver and gastrointestinal of individual zebrafish embryos. The results showed that toxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner. The liver and gastrointestinal toxicity of the zebrafish embryos in various polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar was mainly manifested as slow liver development,smaller liver area,edema of yolk sac,delayed absorption,slowing of gastrointestinal motility,abnormal function of gastrointestinal goblet cell secretion. In addition,the toxicity of different polarity was followed by petroleum ether,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate. The above results indicated that the toxicity was reduced after processing with vinegar,and the fractions of petroleum ether and methylene chloride were the main sites responsible for liver and gastrointestinal toxicity.

Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix Before and After Processing with Vinegar / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Taking zebrafish embryos as research model, to investigate the toxic effect of different polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar on heart. Method:Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 12 h after fertilization were treated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar for observation of cardiac development and function at 72 h. Result:Various polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar had the cardiotoxicity on zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the cardiotoxicity of different polar fractions was followed by petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The cardiotoxicity was mainly manifested as slow cardiac development, pericardial edema, decrease of heart rate and apoptosis of cardiac cells. Compared with the corresponding polar fraction of raw products, the cardiotoxicity of the same polar fraction of vinegar-processed products with similar doses decreased. Conclusion:Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix has cardiotoxicity to zebrafish embryos and the cardiotoxicity is reduced after processing with vinegar, which can provide some experimental basis for further elucidation of the detoxication mechanism of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix processed with vinegar.