الملخص
Antecedentes: La ECA2 ha mostrado ser un regulador esencial de la funcionalidad cardíaca. En un modelo experimental de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) con Fier, modelo de coartación de aorta (COA), se encontró activación de la vía Rho-kinasa. La inhibición de esta vía con fasudil no mejoró el remodelado cardíaco ni la disfunción sistólica. Se desconoce en este modelo, si el deterioro de la función cardíaca y activación de la vía rho-kinasa se asocia con una disminución de la ECA2 cardíaca y si la inhibición de Rho-kinasa tiene un efecto sobre la expresión de ECA2. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es determinar si en la falla cardaca experimental por coartación aórtica, los niveles proteicos de ECA2 en el miocardio se asocian a disfunción sistólica y cual es su interacción con la actividad de ROCK en el miocardio. Métodos: Ratones C57BL6J machos de 7-8 semanas se randomizaron en 3 grupos experimentales. Grupo COA por anudación de la aorta + vehículo; Grupo COA + Fasudil (100 mg/Kg día) por bomba osmótica desde la semana 5 post-cirugía; y grupo control o Sham. Se determinaron las dimensiones y función cardíaca por ecocardiografía. Posterior a la eutanasia, se determinaron los niveles de ECA2 del VI por Western-blot y actividad de la Rho-kinasa Resultados: En los grupos COA+vehículo y COA-FAS hubo deterioro de la función cardíaca, reflejada por la reducción de la FE (47,9 ± 1,53 y 45,5 ± 2,10, p < 0,05, respectivamente) versus SHAM (68,6 ± 1,19). Además, aumentaron las dimensiones cardíacas y hubo desarrollo de hipertrofia (0,53 ± 0,02 / 0,53 ± 0,01, p < 0,05) medida por aumento de la masa cardíaca relativa respecto del grupo SHAM (0,40 ± 0,01). En los grupos COA+vehículo y COA-FAS se encontró una disminución significativa del 35% en la expresión de ECA2 cardíaca respecto al grupo control. Conclusiones: La disfunción sistólica por coartación aórtica se asocia con aumento de la actividad de Rho-kinasa y significativa disminución de la expresión de ECA2. La inhibición de Rho-kinasa no mejoró el remodelado cardíaco, la disfunción sistólica y tampoco modificó los niveles de ECA2 cardíaca.
Background: ACE2 has been described as an essential regulator of cardiac function. In an experimental model of heart failure (HF) and heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the aortic coarctation (COA) model, activation of the Rho-kinase pathway of cardiac remodeling was found. Inhibition of this pathway did not improve cardiac remodeling or systolic ventricular dysfunction. It is unknown in this model whether the impairment of cardiac function and activation of the rho-kinase pathway is associated with a decrease in ACE2 and whether rho-kinase inhibition has an effect on ACE2 expression. Objective: To determine if in experimental heart failure due to aortic coarctation, ACE2 protein levels in the myocardium are associated with systolic dysfunction and what is its interaction with ROCK activity in the myocardium. Methods: Male C57BL6J mice aged 7-8 weeks were divided into 3 groups and anesthetized: One group underwent COA+ vehicle; A second group COA + Fasudil (100 mg/Kg/d) by osmotic pump from week 5 post-surgery and; the third group, control(SHAM). Echocardiograms were performed to determine cardiac dimensions and systolic function. Rats were then euthanized. Ventricular expression of ACE2, activity of the Rho-kinase pathway by MYPT-1 phosphorylation, relative cardiac mass, area and perimeter of cardiomyocytes were determined by Western blot. Results: In both COA+vehicle and COA+FAS groups there was deterioration of cardiac function, reflected in the reduction of EF (47.9 ± 1.53 and 45.5 ± 2.10, p < 0.05, respectively) versus the SHAM group (68.6 ± 1.19). In addition, cardiac dimensions and hypertrophy increased (0.53 ± 0.02 / 0.53 ± 0.01, p < 0.05) due to increased relative cardiac mass compared to the SHAM group (0.40 ± 0.01). In the COA+vehicle and COA+FAS groups a significant decrease of 35% in cardiac ACE2 expression was found compared to the control group. Conclusions: Systolic dysfunction due to aortic coarctation is associated with increased Rhokinase activity and a significant decrease in ACE2 expression. Rho-kinase inhibition did not improve cardiac remodeling, systolic dysfunction, nor did it change cardiac ACE2 levels.
الموضوعات
Animals , Mice , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , Heart Failure/enzymology , Aortic Coarctation , Blotting, Western , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred C57BLالملخص
Antecedentes: El ejercicio de alta intensidad induce hipertrofia miocárdica necesaria para adaptar al corazón a la mayor demanda de trabajo. Se desconoce si correr una maratón induce de forma aguda factores humorales asociados al desarrollo de hipertrofia miocárdica en atletas. Objetivo: Evaluar cardiotrofina-1 (CT1) y el factor de crecimiento análogo a insulina-1 (IGF-1), conocidos inductores de hipertrofia, en maratonistas previo y justo después de correr una maratón y su relación con hipertrofia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo ciego simple de atletas hombres que corrieron la maratón de Santiago. Se incluyó un grupo control sedentario. En todos los sujetos se realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico estándar. Los niveles de CT1 e IGF-1 se determinaron en plasma obtenidos antes (basal) y justo después de haber terminado (antes de 15 minutos) la maratón, usando test de ELISA. Resultados: Los atletas tenían frecuencias cardíacas menores que los controles, asociado con una mayor hipertrofia miocárdica, determinado por el grosor del septo y pared posterior del corazón, y volúmenes del ventrículo y aurícula izquierda. Los niveles basales de CT1 e IGF-1 fueron similares entre atletas y controles sedentarios. El correr la maratón aumentó los niveles de estas dos hormonas en un subgrupo de atletas. Solo los atletas que incrementaron los niveles de IGF-1, pero no de CT1, tenían volúmenes de ventrículo izquierdo y derecho más grandes que los otros atletas. Conclusiones: IGF-1 que se incrementa de forma aguda por el ejercicio, pero no CT1, estaría asociado con el aumento de los volúmenes ventriculares observado en los atletas.
Background: High intensity exercise induces the development of myocardial hypertrophy necessary to adapt the heart to the increased work demand. Whether running a marathon is associated with acutely induced humoral factors responsible for the development of myocardial hypertrophy observed in athletes is not known. Objective: To evaluate the levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), known hypertrophy inducers, in marathon runners before and just after running a marathon and their relationship with cardiac hypertrophy. Methodology: Single-blind prospective study of male athletes who ran the Santiago's marathon. A sedentary control group was included. All subjects underwent a standard transthoracic echocardiogram. CT1 and IGF-1 levels were determined in plasma obtained before (basal) and just after finishing (within 15 min) the marathon using ELISA assays. Results: Athletes had lower heart rates than controls, associated with greater myocardial hypertrophy, as determined by thickness of the heart's septum and posterior wall, and left atrial and ventricular volumes. Basal CT1 and IGF-1 levels were similar between athletes and sedentary controls. Marathon running increased the levels of these two hormones in a subgroup of athletes. Only the athletes who increased IGF-1 levels, but not CT1, had larger left and right ventricular volumes. Conclusion: IGF-1 acutely increased by exercise, but not CT1, was associated with the augmented ventricular volumes observed in athletes.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Cytokines/analysis , Athletes , Cardiomegaly, Exercise-Induced , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Echocardiography , Single-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Cytokines/physiologyالملخص
Resumen El síndrome de reacción a medicamentos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (DRESS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una respuesta de hipersensibilidad multisistémica poco frecuente inducida por uno o varios medicamentos que puede inducir una reacción adversa cutánea grave, la cual es difícil de diagnosticar y pone en peligro la vida del paciente si no es identificada y no se recibe tratamiento. Frecuentemente, se manifiesta como una erupción cutánea amplia, linfadenopatía, signos de afectación de órganos viscerales y alteraciones hematológicas, como leucocitosis, eosinofilia y, en ocasiones, linfocitosis atípica que se presentan de 2 a 8 semanas posterior a la administración del fármaco responsable. Los medicamentos responsables con mayor número de reportes son la fenitoína, la carbamazepina, el alopurinol y el abacavir. Se han identificado algunos alelos específicos del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) que se asocian a la hipersensibilidad de estos fármacos. La fisiopatología del síndrome de DRESS aún no se conoce por completo, generalmente se trata de una respuesta de hipersensibilidad mediada por células T, al interactuar con el receptor del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad en individuos con factores de susceptibilidad genética, como ocurre en otros cuadros de reacciones graves secundarias a la ingesta de fármacos. Los criterios del European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs (RegiSCAR) son los más utilizados para su diagnóstico. El síndrome de hipersensibilidad inducido por fármacos (DiHS), el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ), la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET), y la pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda (PEGA) deben considerarse ante cualquier exantema que aparezca posterior a la administración de cualquier fármaco. La terapia incluye la eliminación del agente causal lo antes posible, así como los corticosteroides sistémicos, los cuales son los pilares del tratamiento.. Los agentes ahorradores de esteroides, como la ciclosporina, las inmunoglobulinas intravenosas (IVIGs) y otros agentes inmunosupresores, se han utilizado con éxito para contribuir al tratamiento.
Abstract DRESS (drug reaction syndrome with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a rare drug-induced multisystemic hypersensitivity response that can induce a severe cutaneous adverse reaction that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It frequently manifests as an extensive skin rash, systemic symptoms, lymphadenopathy, visceral organ involvement, and hematological alterations, mainly leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and sometimes atypical lymphocytosis that manifest 2 to 8 weeks after continuous administration of the responsible drug. The most prevalent drugs related with this syndrome are phenytoin, carbamazepine, allopurinol, and abacavir. Some specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been identified that are associated with hypersensitivity to these drugs. The pathophysiology of DRESS syndrome is not yet fully understood; the main hypothesis is a T-cell mediated hypersensitivity response when interacting with the major histocompatibility complex receptor in individuals with genetic susceptibility factors. The criteria of the European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs (RegiSCAR) are the most commonly used for the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) should be considered for any rash that appears following the administration of any drug. Therapy of DRESS includes the elimination of the causative agent as soon as possible, as well as systemic corticosteroids which are the cornerstones of treatment. Steroid-sparing agents such as cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), and other immunosuppressive agents have been used successfully to contribute to treatment.
الملخص
Abstract Objective To determine the association between fetal macrosomia (FM) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) women. Data Sources Studies evaluating the association between FM and PPH (≥ 500 ml) and severe PPH (≥ 1,000 ml) until November 4, 2021, indexed in CINHAL, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO. Selection of Studies Inclusion criteria were cohort and case-control studies that provided the number of PPH and FM cases. Exclusion criteria were studies lacking information about the number of cases, with a population of women who were not from LAC; published in a language other than English, Spanish, or Portuguese, and with a different design. Data Collection Data extraction was performed independently by two authors, and discrepancies were resolved with a third author. Data regarding FM and PPH cases were retrieved. Data Synthesis Of the 1,044 articles evaluated, 5 studies were included, from 6 different countries: Argentina and Uruguay (multi-country), West Indies, Antigua and Barbuda, French Guyana, and Suriname. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for FM and PPH in the meta-analysis (five studies) was 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-2.47; I2: 0%), with estimates within this 95% CI in the sensitivity analysis. The combined OR for severe PPH (3 studies) was 1.61 (95% CI: 0.40-6.48; I2: 91.89%), showing high heterogeneity. Conclusion There was a positive association between FM and PPH in the LAC, increasing the risk of the presence of this event 2-fold. The high heterogeneity of the studies that measured severe PPH does not allow drawing conclusions about the estimates obtained.
Resumo Objetivo Determinar a associação entre macrossomia fetal (FM) e hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) em mulheres da América Latina e Caribe (ALC). Fontes de dados Estudos avaliando a associação entre FM e HPP (≥ 500 ml) e HPP grave (≥ 1.000 ml) até 4 de novembro de 2021, indexados no CINHAL, Scopus, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane, MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Seleção de estudos Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos de corte e caso-controle que forneceram o número de casos de HPP e FM. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos sem informação sobre o número de casos, com uma população de mulheres que não eram da ALC; publicado em um idioma diferente do inglês, espanhol ou português e com um design diferente. Coleta de dados A extração de dados foi realizada independentemente por dois autores, as discrepâncias foram resolvidas com um terceiro autor. Os dados relativos aos casos de FM e HPP foram recuperados. Síntese dos dados Dos 1.044 artigos avaliados, foram incluídos 5 estudos, de 6 países diferentes: Argentina e Uruguai (multipaíses), Índias Ocidentais, Antígua e Barbuda, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. O odds ratio agrupado (OR) para FM e HPP na meta-análise (cinco estudos) foi de 2,10 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 1,79-2,47; I2: 0%), com estimativas dentro deste IC de 95% no análise sensitiva. O OR combinado para HPP grave (3 estudos) foi de 1,61 (95% CI: 0.40-6.48; I2: 91.89%), mostrando alta heterogeneidade. Conclusão Houve associação positiva entre FM e HPP na ALC, aumentando em 2 vezes o risco da presença desse evento. A alta heterogeneidade dos estudos que mediram a HPP grave não permite tirar conclusões sobre as estimativas obtidas.
الموضوعات
Fetal Macrosomia , Postpartum Hemorrhage , Latin Americaالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cataracts in Peruvian adults over 50 years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical observational study corresponding to the secondary analysis of the 2019 Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar database. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered an independent variable and cataract as a dependent variable. A descriptive analysis was performed using absolute frequencies and weighted proportions, as well as a multivariate analysis using generalized linear models of the Poisson family with logarithmic link function to estimate prevalence ratios on the association between diabetes and cataracts. Results: Data from a total of 8,775 Peruvian adults over 50 years of age were analyzed, of whom 1,322 self-reported a diagnosis of cataract. Of the total respondents, 9.2% reported having been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 16.7% with cataracts. The crude model (p<0.001) and the adjusted models 1 (p=0.007) and 2 (p=0.029) found an association between having diabetes mellitus and having cataracts. Conclusion: Two out of ten adults aged 50 years old and older in Peru had cataracts. There was an association between having diabetes and the presence of cataracts in the Peruvian population.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e catarata em adultos peruanos com mais de 50 anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo analítico observacional transversal correspondente à análise secundária da base de dados do Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar de 2019. O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 foi considerado variável independente e a catarata, variável dependente. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva utilizando frequências absolutas e proporções ponderadas, bem como uma análise multivariada, usando modelos lineares generalizados da família Poisson com função de ligação logarítmica para estimar razões de prevalência sobre a associação entre o diabetes e a catarata. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 8.775 adultos peruanos com mais de 50 anos de idade, dos quais 1.322 autorrelataram diagnóstico de catarata. Do total de inquiridos, 9,2% relataram ter sido diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus e 16,7%, com cataratas. O modelo bruto (p<0,001), o modelo ajustado 1 (p=0,007) e o modelo ajustado 2 (p=0,029) encontraram associação entre ter diabetes mellitus e ter catarata. Conclusão: Dois em cada dez adultos com 50 anos de idade ou mais no Peru tinham catarata. Houve associação entre ter diabetes e a presença de catarata na população peruana.
الملخص
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the continuity of cognitive rehabilitation worldwide. However, the use of teleneuropsychology to provide cognitive rehabilitation has contributed significantly to the continuity of the treatment. Objectives: To measure the effects of cognitive telerehabilitation on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and memory strategies in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A sample of 60 patients with mild cognitive impairment according to Petersen's criteria was randomly divided into two groups: 30 treatment cases and 30 controls (waiting list group). Subjects were matched by age, sex, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The treatment group received ten cognitive telerehabilitation sessions of 45 minutes duration once a week. Pre-treatment (week 0) and post-treatment (week 10) measures were assessed for both groups. Different linear mixed models were estimated to test treatment effect (cognitive telerehabilitation vs. controls) on each outcome of interest over time (pre/post-intervention). Results: A significant group (control/treatment) x time (pre/post) interaction revealed that the treatment group at week 10 had better scores in cognitive variables: memory (RAVLT learning trials p=0.030; RAVLT delayed recall p=0.029), phonological fluency (p=0.001), activities of daily living (FAQ p=0.001), satisfaction with memory performance (MMQ satisfaction p=0.004) and use of memory strategies (MMQ strategy p=0.000), as well as, and a significant reduction of affective symptomatology: depression (GDS p=0.000), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-Q p=0.045), forgetfulness (EDO-10 p=0.000), and stress (DAS stress p=0.000). Conclusions: Our study suggests that CTR is an effective intervention.
RESUMO A pandemia do COVID-19 afetou a continuidade da reabilitação cognitiva em todo o mundo. No entanto, o uso de tele neuropsicologia para a reabilitação cognitiva tem contribuído significativamente para a continuidade do tratamento. Objetivos: Medir os efeitos da tele reabilitação cognitiva na cognição, nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e nas estratégias de memória em uma coorte de pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: Uma amostra de 60 pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve de acordo com os critérios de Petersen foi dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 30 casos de tratamento e 30 controles (grupo de lista de espera). Os assuntos foram pareados por idade, sexo e Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal. O grupo de tratamento recebeu dez sessões de tele reabilitação cognitiva de 45 minutos de duração uma vez por semana. As medidas pré-tratamento (semana 0) e pós-tratamento (semana 10) foram avaliadas para ambos os grupos. Diferentes modelos lineares mistos foram estimados para testar o efeito do tratamento (tele reabilitação cognitiva vs. controles) em cada desfecho de interesse ao longo do tempo (pré-/pós-intervenção). Resultados: Uma interação significativa grupo (controle/tratamento) x tempo (pré/pós) revelou que o grupo de tratamento teve melhores pontuações em variáveis cognitivas na semana 10: memória (ensaios de aprendizagem RAVLT p = 0,030; RAVLT recordação tardia p=0,029), fluência fonológica (p=0,001), atividades da vida diária (FAQ p=0,001), satisfação com o desempenho da memória (satisfação MMQ p=0,004) e uso de estratégias de memória (estratégia MMQ p=0,000), bem como uma significativa redução da sintomatologia afetiva: depressão (GDS p=0,000), sintomas neuropsiquiátricos (NPI-Q p=0,045), esquecimento (EDO-10 p=0,000) e estresse (DAS estresse p=0,000). Conclusões: Nosso estudo sugere que a CTR é uma intervenção eficaz.
الموضوعات
Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction , Telerehabilitation , Telemedicineالملخص
Resumen Se presenta el caso de un varón de 77 años que acude a urgencias tras un episodio sincopal en el contexto de una taquicardia ventricular monomorfa sostenida, por lo que se realizó cardioversión eléctrica. Para filiar la etiología del evento arrítmico ventricular se realizó un estudio de la anatomía coronaria mediante coronariografía invasiva, en el que se objetivaron las arterias coronarias sin lesiones significativas, pero como hallazgo casual se describió una anomalía coronaria, con ausencia de tronco coronario y salida independiente de las arterias circunfleja (Cx) y descendente anterior (DA) del seno coronario derecho, originándose la DA y la coronaria derecha del mismo ostium coronario. Dichos hallazgos se confirmaron mediante tomografía computarizada con reconstrucción tridimensional. Además, se objetivó un trayecto interarterial de la DA (entre las arterias aorta y pulmonar) y un trayecto intramuscular de la DA, así como un trayecto retroaórtico de la Cx. Debido a estos hallazgos, se procedió al implante de un desfibrilador automático implantable como prevención secundaria. El paciente tuvo una buena evolución posterior y fue dado de alta a su domicilio sin incidencias. Se presenta el caso para ayudar a comprender mejor estos trastornos, dado que actualmente constituyen un reto diagnóstico, ya que en muchas ocasiones se trata de un hallazgo casual en pruebas complementarias o incluso en autopsias. Además, es una causa relativamente frecuente de parada cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes jóvenes. De las muchas variables anatómicas que constituyen las anomalías coronarias, existe poca literatura sobre esta anomalía presentada y no hay imágenes similares a las de este caso.
Abstract We present the case of a 77-year-old man who came to the emergency room after a syncopal episode in the context of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia for which electrical cardioversion was performed. In order to determine the etiology of the ventricular arrhythmic event, a study of the coronary anatomy was carried out using invasive coronary angiography, observing coronary arteries without significant lesions, although, as a chance finding, a coronary anomaly was described, with absence of the main coronary artery, with independent exit of circumflex (Cx) and anterior descending (AD) arteries of the right coronary sinus, originating the AD and right coronary artery from the same coronary ostium. These findings were later confirmed by computed tomography with 3D reconstruction. In addition, an interarterial path of AD (between aorta and pulmonary artery) and an intramuscular path of AD were observed, as well as a retro-aortic path of Cx. Given these findings, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted as secondary prevention. Good subsequent evolution with home discharge without incident. We present this case to help better understand these disorders, since they currently constitute a diagnostic challenge, since in many cases it is a chance finding in complementary tests or even in autopsies. It is also a relatively frequent cause of cardiorespiratory arrest in young patients. Of the many anatomical variables that make up the group of coronary anomalies, there is little bibliographic information on this anomaly presented, without finding images similar to those reported in this case.
الملخص
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os gastos catastróficos em saúde (GCS) e sua associação com condições socioeconômicas nos anos de 2009, 2011 e 2013 em Minas Gerais. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicílios. A variável dependente foi o GCS, em cada ano da pesquisa. Foram considerados catastróficos os gastos que ultrapassaram os limites de 10% e 25% da renda familiar. A associação entre o gasto catastrófico e as variáveis independentes foi testada por meio de regressão de Poisson. As prevalências de GCS variaram de 9,0% a 11,3% e 18,9% a 24,4% nos limites de 10% e 25%, sendo que o ano de 2011 apresentou os menores valores. A maior proporção dos gastos com saúde (94%) foi relativa aos gastos com medicamentos. A prevalência de CGS foi menor entre responsáveis pelo domicílio com maior escolaridade quando comparados àqueles sem estudo nos limites de 10% e 25%. Famílias com maior escore de riqueza apresentaram, nos dois limites, prevalência de GCS menores do que aquelas do primeiro quintil. Concluiu-se que os gastos com saúde afetaram significativamente o orçamento das famílias em Minas Gerais, sendo o gasto com medicamentos o principal componente dos gastos. Os achados reforçam o papel do SUS para minimizar o GCS e reduzir as desigualdades socioeconômicas.
Abstract This study aimed to assess catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and its association with socioeconomic conditions in 2009, 2011 and 2013 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from the Household Sample Survey. The dependent variable was the CHE in each year of the survey. Expenditures that exceeded 10% and 25% of household income were considered catastrophic. The association between catastrophic health expenditure and independent variables was tested by the Poisson regression. The prevalence of CHE ranged from 9.0% to 11.3% and 18.9% to 24.4% within the limits of 10% and 25%, and 2011 recorded the lowest values. The largest proportion of health expenditure (94%) was related to the acquisition of medicines. The prevalence of CHE was lower among those responsible for the household with 12 or more years of study than those with no formal education. Households with a higher wealth score had, in both limits, lower prevalence of CHE than those of the first quintile. We concluded that health expenditures significantly affected the budget of households in Minas Gerais and the purchase of medicines was the main component of spending. The findings reinforce the role of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in minimizing CHE and reducing socioeconomic inequalities.
الموضوعات
Humans , Catastrophic Illness , Health Expenditures , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnairesالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the degree of psychological distress and fear of COVID-19 experienced by undergraduate student nurses who were about to begin their clinical placements. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 100 second- and third-year undergraduate student nurses of the University of Zaragoza (Spain). Measures included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results: Regularly, student nurses did not think of themselves as vulnerable to COVID-19. However, a significant association was observed between the student nurses' level of psychological distress and cohabiting with relatives or people who were considered vulnerable to the infection (p = 0.035). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale results revealed a low level of psychological distress in general; the Fear of COVID-19 Scale indicated moderate fear (2.94). Conclusion: Student nurses who lived with their relatives experienced higher levels of stress due to the perceived risk of transmission, but were less fearful of loss of work and income. Anxiety in our sample was associated principally with not knowing their upcoming placement location.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar el grado de angustia psicológica y miedo al COVID-19 que experimentan los estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería que estaban a punto de empezar sus prácticas clínicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 100 estudiantes de enfermería de segundo y tercer año de la Universidad de Zaragoza (España). Las medidas incluyeron la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés. Resultados: Normalmente, los estudiantes de enfermería no se consideraban vulnerables a la COVID-19. Sin embargo, se observó una asociación significativa entre el nivel de distrés psicológico de los estudiantes de enfermería y la convivencia con familiares o personas percibidas como vulnerables a la infección (p = 0,035). Los resultados del Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés revelaron un bajo nivel de distrés psicológico en general; la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 indicó un miedo moderado (2,94). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de enfermería que vivían con sus familiares experimentaron mayores niveles de estrés debido al riesgo percibido de transmisión, pero tenían menos miedo a la pérdida de trabajo e ingresos. La ansiedad en nuestra muestra se asoció principalmente con el desconocimiento de su próxima ubicación de colocación.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar o grau de sofrimento psicológico e medo da COVID-19 experimentado por estudantes de enfermagem que estavam prestes a iniciar seus estágios clínicos. Método: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 100 estudantes de enfermagem do segundo e terceiro anos da Universidade de Zaragoza (Espanha). As medidas incluíram a Escala de Medo da COVID-19 e as escalas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Resultados: Regularmente, os estudantes de enfermagem não se consideravam vulneráveis à COVID-19. No entanto, observou-se associação significativa entre o nível de sofrimento psicológico dos estudantes de enfermagem e a convivência com familiares ou pessoas percebidas como vulneráveis à infecção (p = 0,035). Os resultados da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse revelaram um baixo nível de sofrimento psicológico em geral; a Escala de Medo da COVID-19 indicou um medo moderado (2,94). Conclusão: Estudantes de enfermagem que moravam com seus familiares experimentaram níveis mais altos de estresse devido ao risco percebido de transmissão, mas tinham menos medo de perda de trabalho e renda. A ansiedade em nossa amostra foi associada principalmente ao desconhecimento de seu próximo local de estágio.
الموضوعات
Students, Nursing , Training Support , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Mental Health , Professional Training , Psychological Distressالملخص
Abstract Objective To determine the adequacy of compliance with antenatal care (ANC) by pregnant women in Peru and to identify the associated factors. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study of data from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable was adequate compliance with ANC (provided by skilled health care professionals; first ANC visit during the first trimester of pregnancy; six or more ANC visits during pregnancy; ANC visits with appropriate content) by women aged 15 to 49 years in their last delivery within the five years prior to the survey. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a log-binomial regression model. Results A total of 18,386 women were analyzed, 35.0% of whom adequately complied with ANC. The lowest proportion of compliance was found with the content of ANC (42.6%). Sociodemographic factors and those related to pregnancy, such as being in the age groups of 20 to 34 years and 35 to 49 years, havingsecondaryor higher education, belonging to a wealth quintile of the population other than the poorest, being from the Amazon region, not being of native ethnicity, having a second or third pregnancy, and having a desired pregnancy, increased the probability of presenting adequate compliance with ANC. Conclusion Only 3 out of 10women in Peru showed adequate compliancewith ANC. Compliance with the content of ANC must be improved, and strategies must be developed to increase the proportion of adequate compliance with ANC.
Resumo Objetivo Determinar a adequação do cumprimento dos cuidados pré-natais (CPN) por mulheres grávidas no Peru e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal dos dados da Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Família Peruana de 2019 (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, em espanhol). A variável dependente foi conformidade adequada coma CPN (fornecida por profissionais de saúde qualificados; primeira visita CPN durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez; seis ou mais visitas CPN durante a gravidez; visitas CPN com conteúdo apropriado) por mulheres de 15 a 49 anos em seu último parto nos cinco anos anteriores à pesquisa. Os índices de prevalência bruta e ajustada e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados usando um modelo de regressão log-binomial. Resultados Foi analisado um total de 18.386 mulheres, das quais 35,0% cumpriram adequadamente o CPN. A menor proporção de conformidade foi encontrada com o conteúdo de ANC (42,6%). Fatores sociodemográficos e aqueles relacionados à gravidez, como estar na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos e 35 a 49 anos, ter educação secundária ou superior, pertencer a um quintil de riqueza da população que não a mais pobre, ser da região da selva, não ser de etnia nativa, ter um segundo ou terceiro gravidez, e tendo uma gravidez desejada, aumentou a probabilidade de apresentar conformidade adequada com CPN. Conclusão Apenas 3 em cada 10 mulheres no Peru mostraram conformidade adequada com o CPN. O cumprimento do conteúdo do CPN deve ser melhorado, e estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas para aumentar a proporção de cumprimento adequado com o CPN.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Parity , Peru/epidemiology , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Residence Characteristics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maternal Age , Health Care Surveys , Educational Status , Facilities and Services Utilization , Income , Middle Agedالملخص
Background: SARS-CoV-2 hampered the resolution of multiple diseases, including cancer. Aim: To show that a multidisciplinary program of Strategies to Advance Recovery (STAR) can be implemented in a public hospital in Chile, despite the global pandemic and state of a national catastrophe, to provide a solution to cancer patients. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study, of patients requiring an elective resolution of a colorectal cancer. Patients met the inclusion criteria, established in the STAR program. A total of 24 perioperative interventions were performed in the protocol. Demographic variables, days of hospitalization, complications, mortality, and readmissions were described. Results: The 24 interventions of the protocol were successfully implemented, although some partially. Sixteen patients aged 53 to 83 years (50% women) were operated. The median length of hospitalization was four days (range 2 to 9). Four complications were recorded, all were grade I or II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Two patients were readmitted. There were no reoperations or mortality. One patient was infected with coronavirus, diagnosed at the time of readmission. Conclusions: The STAR protocol reduces the length of hospital stay. In a pandemic context such as COVID-19 it becomes a useful resource and can be implemented in cancer patients, as herein reported.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , COVID-19 , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery , Length of Stayالملخص
Introducción: La rápida diseminación de un nuevo coronavirus 2, designado como SARS-CoV-2 por el Síndrome agudo respiratorio grave que provoca, ha promovido una pandemia global con más de 83.516.987 de infecciones y más de 1.818.336 de muertes hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020 (Fuente: Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering). La incidencia en la población pediátrica es menor que en la adulta, en torno al 0,8-10 % (1-5). Según los datos disponibles, los niños y adolescentes tienen síntomas leves o moderados y un mejor pronóstico en relación a los adultos, y el curso de la enfermedad tiende a ser más severo en lactantes y en niños con patologías subyacentes, habiéndose reportado casos graves con hipotensión y afectación sistémica (1,5-7). Si bien existen todavía pocos datos publicados, revisaremos la presentación de la COVID 19 en los niños: detección, severidad, prevención, tratamientos, sus problemas sociales y el más reciente síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico.
Introduction: The rapid spread of a new coronavirus 2, designated as SARS-CoV-2 because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome it causes, has promoted a global pandemic with more than 83.516.987 infections and more than 1.818.336 deaths as of December 31, 2020 (Source: Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering). The incidence in the pediatric population is lower than in the adult, around 0.8-10 % (1-5). According to the available data, children and adolescents have mild or moderate symptoms and a better prognosis in relation to adults, and the course of the disease tends to be more severe in infants and children with underlying pathologies, with severe cases with hypotension having been reported and systemic involvement(1,5-7). Although there are still few published data, we will review the presentation of COVID 19 in children: detection, severity, prevention, treatments, its social problems and the most recent multisystemic inflammatory síndrome.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Adolescent , COVID-19/therapy , Palliative Care , Social Problems , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiologyالملخص
RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar un análisis espacial de la prevalencia de maternidad adolescente en diferentes distritos del Perú y determinar la correlación espacial con características socioeconómicas y sociodemográficas. Material y Método: Estudio ecológico mediante un análisis espacial con base en la prevalencia de maternidad adolescente registrada en el Censo Nacional del 2017 de diferentes distritos de la población peruana. El índice local y global de Moran se utilizó para establecer patrones de agrupamiento. Se realizó un modelo de rezago espacial para correlacionar las características sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas del distrito con la maternidad adolescente. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 1.874 distritos. Del total de adolescentes, 122.144 (10,1%) habían sido madres. Algunos distritos mostraron una prevalencia de maternidad adolescente superior al 40%. Ucayali, Loreto y San Martín fueron las regiones administrativas con la mayor proporción de distritos con embarazos adolescentes rodeados de distritos también con alta prevalencia de embarazos adolescentes. El modelo de rezago espacial mostró una asociación significativa y positiva para el analfabetismo, el estado civil soltero, la ruralidad y la ubicación en región natural Selva del distrito con la maternidad adolescente; el acceso al agua potable mostró una asociación negativa. Conclusión: Una de cada diez adolescentes de 15 a 19 años en Perú ha sido madre. Los distritos con mayor prevalencia de maternidad adolescente pertenecen a la región selva peruana. Los factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos a nivel distrital como el analfabetismo, la ruralidad, el estado civil soltero y la ubicación del distrito en la región natural Selva se asociaron positivamente con la maternidad adolescente. Una mayor prevalencia de acceso a agua potable a nivel distrital se asocia a una menor prevalencia de maternidad adolescente a nivel distrital.
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a spatial analysis of the prevalence of adolescent maternity in different districts of Peru and determine the spatial correlation with socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Material and Method: An ecological study was carried out through a spatial analysis based on the prevalence of adolescent maternity, registered in the 2017 National Census, of different districts of Peru. The global and local Moran's Indexes were used to establish clustering patterns. A spatial lag model was performed to correlate district sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics with adolescent maternity. Results: Data from 1874 districts were analyzed. Of all the adolescents, 122.144 (10.1%) had been mothers. Some districts showed a prevalence of adolescent maternity above 40%. Ucayali, Loreto, and San Martin were the administrative regions with the highest proportion of districts with adolescent pregnancies, surrounded by districts with also a high prevalence of adolescent pregnancies. The spatial lag model analysis showed a significant and positive association for illiteracy, single marital status, rurality, and location in the Jungle natural region of the district with adolescent maternity; access to drinking water showed a negative association. Conclusion: One in ten adolescents between 15 and 19 in Peru has been a mother. The districts with the highest prevalence of adolescent maternity are located in the Peruvian jungle region. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors at the district level such as illiteracy, rurality, single marital status, and location in the Jungle natural region were positively associated with adolescent maternity. A higher prevalence of access to drinking water at the district level is associated with a lower prevalence of adolescent maternity at the district level.
RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise espacial da prevalência da maternidade adolescente em diferentes distritos do Peru e determinar a correlação espacial com as características socioeconómicas e sociodemográficas. Material e Método: Um estudo ecológico foi realizado através de uma análise espacial com base na prevalência da maternidade adolescente, registrada no censo nacional de 2017, de diferentes distritos do Peru. Os índices de Moran globais e locais foram usados para estabelecer padrões de agrupamento. Um modelo espacial lag foi realizado para correlacionar as características sociodemográficas e socioeconómicas do distrito com a maternidade na adolescência. Resultados: Foram analisados os dados de 1874 distritos. Do total de adolescentes, 122.144 (10,1%) foram mães. Alguns distritos apresentaram prevalência de maternidade na adolescência acima de 40%. Ucayali, Loreto e San Martin foram as regiões administrativas com a maior proporção de distritos com gravidez na adolescência, rodeados por distritos com também alta prevalência de gravidez na adolescência. A análise de modelo espacial lag mostrou uma associação significativa e positiva para analfabetismo, estado civil solteiro, ruralidade e localização na região natural Selva do distrito com maternidade na adolescencia; acesso à água potável mostrou associação negativa. Conclusão: Um em cada dez adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos no Peru já foi mãe. Os distritos com maior prevalência de maternidade adolescente estão localizados na região natural Selva. Fatores sociodemográficos e socioeconómicos em nível distrital, como analfabetismo, ruralidade, estado civil solteiro e localização na região natural Selva, foram associados positivamente com a maternidade na adolescência. Uma prevalência mais alta de acesso a água potável no nível distrital está associada a uma prevalência mais baixa de maternidade adolescente no nível distrital.
الملخص
INTRODUCCIÓN: El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la trombolisis local asistida por ultrasonido (TLUS) constituye una alternativa de tratamiento validada para pacientes de riesgo intermedio. No existen reportes del uso de esta tecnología en el ámbito nacional. MÉTODOS: Análisis descriptivo, prospectivo, sobre una serie de pacientes con TEP agudo, de riesgo intermedio, tratados en forma percutánea con trombolisis local asistida por catéter de ultrasonido terapéutico (EKOSonic®). Se analiza la eficacia y seguridad del procedimiento mediante variables clínicas, hemodinámicas y radiológicas, así como desenlaces intra hospitalarios. Se reporta, además, el seguimiento a 30 días. RESULTADOS: Entre Junio de 2019 y Marzo de 2020, 4 pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fueron tratados con esta técnica. El score PESI (Pulmonary Embolism severity Index) promedio era de 79,5 + 6,1. Dos pacientes requirieron la instalación de 2 catéteres para efectuar terapia bilateral. Se observó una reducción promedio en la presión sistólica de arteria pulmonar de 29% y en 3 de los 4 enfermos se logró revertir la dilatación ventricular derecha presente al ingreso. La carga trombótica se redujo en un 20% medido por score CTOI. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias ni intrahospitalarias asociadas a la intervención. CONCLUSIONES: En esta serie inicial, el uso de la trombolisis local con catéter de ultrasonido en pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fue segura y efectiva. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales; sin embargo, aún se requieren de estudios con mayor número de pacientes para confirmar los beneficios de esta técnica en nuestro medio.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and local ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) is a validated alternative treatment for intermediate-risk patients. There are no reports on the use of this technology in our country. METHODS: Prospective series of patients with acute, intermediate-risk PE treated percutaneously with therapeutic ultrasound catheter-assisted local thrombolysis (EKOSonic®). The efficacy and safety of the procedure were analyzed using clinical, hemodynamic, and radiological variables, as well as intra-hospital outcomes. The 30-day follow-up is also reported. RESULTS: between June 2019 and March 2020, a total of 4 patients with intermediate-risk PE were treated with this technique. The average PESI score was 79.5 + 6.1. Two out of 4 patients required the use of 2 catheters for bilateral therapy. The average reduction in systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was 29% and 3 patients reversed the right ventricular dilation present at admission. The thrombotic burden was reduced by 20% according to the Computed Tomography Obstruction Index (CTOI). There were no intraoperative or in hospital complications associated with the intervention. CONCLUSION: In this initial series, the use of local thrombolysis with an ultrasound catheter in patients with intermediate-risk PE was safe and effective. The perioperative and 30-day outcomes were similar to those previously reported in international series. However, larger randomized trials are needed to confirm this potential benefit.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Ultrasonic Therapy , Catheters , Mechanical Thrombolysis , Pulmonary Artery , Pulmonary Embolism/physiopathology , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Safety , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Ventricular Function , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Hemodynamics , Length of Stayالملخص
RESUMEN Introducción. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, donde el sexo masculino es el grupo mayormente afectado. Objetivo. Determinar las diferencias según sexo de los factores asociados a HTA en la población peruana mayor de 18 años. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional y Demográfica de Salud 2017. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia crudas (RP) y ajustadas (RPa) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson entre la variable dependiente (HTA) e independientes. Resultados. Se encontró que la prevalencia de HTA fue de 17,8% en hombres y 11,4% en mujeres. La edad, tener sobrepeso y obesidad aumentaron la probabilidad de padecer HTA. Mientras que ser de la costa, sierra y selva disminuyeron la probabilidad de HTA en ambos sexos. Conclusiones. Existe mayor prevalencia de HTA en el sexo masculino y factores como la edad, sobrepeso y obesidad aumentaron la probabilidad de padecer HTA.
ABSTRACT Introduction. High blood pressure (HBP) is a leading cause of death worldwide, where the male sex is the most affected group. Objetives. Determine the gender differences of the factors associated with HBP in the Peruvian population over 18 years of age. Methods. A secondary analysis of the 2017 National and Demographic Health Survey was performed. Crude (RP) and adjusted (RPa) prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using generalized linear models of the Poisson family between the dependent variable (HBP) and independent. Results. The prevalence of HBP was found to be 17,8% in men and 11,4% in women. Age, being overweight and obese increased the likelihood of HBP. While being from the coast, mountain range and jungle decreased the likelihood of HBP in both sexes. Conclusions. There is a higher prevalence of HBP in the male sex and factors such as age, overweight and obesity increased the likelihood of HBP.
الملخص
La lesión hepática inducida por medicamentos o DILI (del inglés, Drug-Induced Liver Injury) es una condición relativamente rara, y más aún durante el embarazo. Usualmente es subdiagnosticada, y cuando se presenta en nuestro medio, pocas veces es notificada a los sistemas de registros nacionales, con un importante subregistro a nivel nacional y de Latinoamérica. Su forma de presentación clínica, tiempo de latencia, patrón de lesión hepática y reacciones idiosincráticas dificultan el diagnóstico oportuno, así como la ausencia tanto de pruebas diagnósticas objetivas, como de cambios histológicos patognomónicos que confirmen esta entidad. Se presenta el primer caso reportado en la literatura de una mujer en primer trimestre de gestación, quien cursó con DILI secundario al uso de tionamidas por sospecha clínica de hipertiroidismo.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a relative rare condition among general population and among pregnant women. It is usually underdiagnosed, and when identified, it is rarely notified to the national registry systems, especially locally, and in general in Latin America. Clinical presentation, time before symptom onset, patterns of liver injury and idiosyncratic reactions make an early diagnosis difficult, as well as the absence of diagnostic tests or histological changes that are unique to this pathology to confirm the diagnosis. We present the first case reported in the literature of a woman, who during the first trimester of pregnancy presented with DILI, secondary to the use of thionamides due to suspected hyperthyroidism.
الموضوعات
Humans , Pregnant Women , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Toxicity , Methimazoleالملخص
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relation between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and multimorbidity in a national representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 year or older. METHODS: This study used data from 8,347 participants of the Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI - Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging) conducted in 2015-2016. The dependent variable was CHE, defined by the ratio between the health expenses of the adult aged 50 years or older and the household income. The variable of interest was multimorbidity (two or more chronic diseases) and the variable used for stratification was the wealth score. The main analyses were based on multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of CHE was 17.9% and 7.5%, for expenditures corresponding to 10 and 25% of the household income, respectively. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 63.2%. Multimorbidity showed positive and independent associations with CHE (OR = 1.95, 95%CI 1.67-2.28, and OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.11-1.76 for expenditures corresponding to 10% and 25%, respectively). Expenditures associated with multimorbidity were higher among those with lower wealth scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results draw attention to the need for an integrated approach of multimorbidity in health services, in order to avoid CHE, particularly among older adults with worse socioeconomic conditions.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Estimar a relação entre gasto catastrófico em saúde (GCS) e multimorbidade em amostra nacional representativa da população brasileira com 50 anos de idade ou mais. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de 8.347 participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (2015-2016). A variável dependente foi o GCS, definido pela razão entre as despesas com saúde do adulto de 50 anos ou mais e a renda domiciliar. A variável de interesse foi a multimorbidade (duas ou mais doenças crônicas), e a variável utilizada para estratificação foi o escore de riqueza. As principais análises foram baseadas na regressão logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: A prevalçncia de GCS foi de 17,9% e 7,5% para gastos correspondentes a 10% e 25% da renda domiciliar, respectivamente. A prevalçncia da multimorbidade foi de 63,2%. A multimorbidade apresentou associações positivas e independentes com GCS (OR = 1,95, IC95% 1,67-2,28 e OR = 1,40, IC95% 1,11-1,76 para gastos correspondentes a 10% e 25%, respectivamente). Os gastos associados à multimorbidade foram maiores entre aqueles com menor escore de riqueza. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados chamam atenção para a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada da multimorbidade nos serviços de saúde, de forma a evitar os GCS, particularmente entre adultos mais velhos com piores condições socioeconômicas.