الملخص
Abstract Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0.5 mL of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Glycemic and clinical parameters were evaluated every 7 days, and intestinal parameters were evaluated on the 14th day. The MetS-D animals showed a clinical pattern of hyperglycemia, with increases in the area of villi and crypts, lactulose:mannitol ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intestinal tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), but showed a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) when these parameters were compared to the control. The MetS-D group had increased secretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and water compared to the control group in ileal tissue. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in mRNA transcript of claudin-2, claudin-15, and NHE3 and increases of SGLT-1 and ZO-1 in the MetS-D group. These results showed that MetS-D triggered intestinal tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, complex alterations in gene regulatory protein transcriptions of intestinal transporters and tight junctions, damaging the IEBF and causing hydroelectrolyte secretion.
الملخص
Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.
الملخص
Abstract The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.
Resumo Estudos sobre assembleias de peixes em riachos enfatizam o papel dos filtros ambientais associados ao padrão de colonização das assembleias, por outro lado, quando a assembleia está sujeita aos efeitos antropogênicos, as variáveis ambientais associadas à qualidade ambiental assumem maior importância. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a riqueza e a composição de peixes de riachos amostrados em diferentes níveis de urbanização, buscando evidenciar se o efeito reflete diretamente na estrutura das assembleias. As amostragens foram realizadas em 31 locais distribuídos em três microbacias na bacia Rio Ivinhema, Alto Rio Paraná, no período de 2003 a 2011. Com base nas variáveis ambientais, físico-químicos da água e análise do uso e ocupação do solo as microbacias foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de urbanização (baixo, médio e alto). Foram amostrados um total 4.320 indivíduos, dos quais foram registradas 57 espécies de peixes. Os locais amostrados com influência média da urbanização apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, entretanto, os locais amostrados com alta influência da urbanização apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, constatamos que a urbanização influencia diretamente na integridade ambiental, que pode levar a homogeneização das assembleias de riachos.
الموضوعات
Humans , Animals , Urbanization , Rivers , Soil , Brazil , Ecosystem , Fishesالملخص
The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.
Estudos sobre assembleias de peixes em riachos enfatizam o papel dos filtros ambientais associados ao padrão de colonização das assembleias, por outro lado, quando a assembleia está sujeita aos efeitos antropogênicos, as variáveis ambientais associadas à qualidade ambiental assumem maior importância. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a riqueza e a composição de peixes de riachos amostrados em diferentes níveis de urbanização, buscando evidenciar se o efeito reflete diretamente na estrutura das assembleias. As amostragens foram realizadas em 31 locais distribuídos em três microbacias na bacia Rio Ivinhema, Alto Rio Paraná, no período de 2003 a 2011. Com base nas variáveis ambientais, físico-químicos da água e análise do uso e ocupação do solo as microbacias foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de urbanização (baixo, médio e alto). Foram amostrados um total 4.320 indivíduos, dos quais foram registradas 57 espécies de peixes. Os locais amostrados com influência média da urbanização apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, entretanto, os locais amostrados com alta influência da urbanização apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, constatamos que a urbanização influencia diretamente na integridade ambiental, que pode levar a homogeneização das assembleias de riachos.
الموضوعات
Animals , Soil Analysis , River Basins/analysis , Fishes/classification , Fishes/growth & development , Environmental Pollution/analysis , Urbanization , Land Use , Water/analysis , Water/chemistryالملخص
Abstract The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.
Resumo Estudos sobre assembleias de peixes em riachos enfatizam o papel dos filtros ambientais associados ao padrão de colonização das assembleias, por outro lado, quando a assembleia está sujeita aos efeitos antropogênicos, as variáveis ambientais associadas à qualidade ambiental assumem maior importância. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a riqueza e a composição de peixes de riachos amostrados em diferentes níveis de urbanização, buscando evidenciar se o efeito reflete diretamente na estrutura das assembleias. As amostragens foram realizadas em 31 locais distribuídos em três microbacias na bacia Rio Ivinhema, Alto Rio Paraná, no período de 2003 a 2011. Com base nas variáveis ambientais, físico-químicos da água e análise do uso e ocupação do solo as microbacias foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de urbanização (baixo, médio e alto). Foram amostrados um total 4.320 indivíduos, dos quais foram registradas 57 espécies de peixes. Os locais amostrados com influência média da urbanização apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, entretanto, os locais amostrados com alta influência da urbanização apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, constatamos que a urbanização influencia diretamente na integridade ambiental, que pode levar a homogeneização das assembleias de riachos.
الملخص
This study aimed to describe the main behaviors of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) expressed in a semi-intensive production system in Brazil. The behavioral activities of two groups of peccaries allocated in two paddocks were assessed, totaling 17 adult animals and eventual pups in different developmental stages. The animals were visually observed using the ad libitum sampling and scan sample methods during the adaptation and experimental phases, respectively. The animals were evaluated in the morning, afternoon, and at night. The behavioral activities observed by ad libitum sampling comprised feeding, pool contact, moving, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing, mutual rubbing, rubbing, aggression, sexual behavior, copulation, foraging, breastfeeding, sleeping, territorial marking, interactions, birthing, gnawing, and other behaviors. All behaviors observed by the ad libitum sampling method were confirmed in the experimental period by scan sample, except for territorial marking and birthing. The effects of time of day were statistically significant (p <0.05) for eating, pool contact, movement, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing and sleeping. These results contribute to the understanding of instinctive animal habits and to the development of nutritional, environmental and health management protocols that meet the requirements of peccaries.(AU)
Objetivou-se descrever os principais comportamentos que os queixadas (Tayassu pecari) expressam em sistema de produção semi-intensivo no Brasil, bem como suas diferenças de frequências comportamentais em função do período do dia. Foram avaliadas as atividades comportamentais de dois grupos de queixadas alocados em dois piquetes, totalizando 17 animais adultos e eventuais filhotes em diferentes estágios comportamentais. Na fase adaptativa e experimental os animais foram observados visualmente pelos métodos ad libitum e scan sample, respectivamente. Os animais foram avaliados nos períodos da manhã, tarde e noite. As atividades comportamentais observadas pelo método ad libitum foram alimentação, contato com a piscina, movimentação, interior do brete de manejo, descanso, lameando, esfregação mútua, esfregar-se, agressão, comportamento sexual, cópula, fuçando, amamentação, dormindo, marcando território, interações, manilha, parição, roendo e outros comportamentos. Todos os comportamentos observados pelo método ad libitum foram confirmados no período experimental scan sample, exceto para as variáveis marcando território e parição. O efeito do período do dia foi estatisticamente significativo (P<0,05) sobre as frequências dos comportamentos alimentação, contato com a piscina, movimentação, interior do brete de manejo, descanso, lameando e dormindo. Os resultados contribuem para a compreensão dos hábitos instintivos dos animais e, com isso, colaborar com a elaboração de protocolos de manejo nutricional, ambiental e sanitário, buscando-se suprir as necessidades dos queixadas. Futuras pesquisas envolvendo queixadas em cativeiro fomentarão os estudos voltados aos aspectos biológicos, conservacionistas e produtivos.(AU)
الموضوعات
Animals , Artiodactyla , Behavior, Animal , Animal Welfare , Brazil , Temporal Distribution , Animals, Wildالملخص
A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de grande impacto em saúde pública. A infecção nos gatos tem sido relatada nos países onde a doença é endêmica. Seu papel como reservatório não está satisfatoriamente elucidado, embora a transmissão do parasito de um felino infectado para vetor tenha sido reportada por xenodiagnóstico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em animais da espécie felina em área endêmica para LV (Bauru-SP), por meio dos testes sorológicos de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), e associá-los às variáveis: gênero, idade, raça e forma de criação. Foram testados soros de 276 felinos, dos quais 82 foram reagentes pelo método ELISA (29,71%), 17 pelo RIFI (6,15%) e 10 em ambos os testes (3,6%). Houve associação estatística significativa para a variável forma de criação, em que 100% dos animais errantes foram soropositivos a pelo menos um dos testes (P<0,005). Tal associação não foi encontrada para as demais variáveis analisadas (P>0,05). Não houve concordância entre o resultado dos testes, pois o método ELISA é mais sensível que o método RIFI.(AU)
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis with a great impact on public health. Infection in cats has been reported in countries where the disease is endemic. Its role as reservoir is not satisfactorily elucidated, although transmission of the parasite from an infected feline to vector has been reported by xenodiagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in feline animals in an area endemic to LV (Bauru-SP), using the serological tests of Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFR) and ELISA and variables: gender, age, race and form of creation. Samples of 276 felines were tested, of which 82 were ELISA reagents (29,71%), 17 by IFR (6,15%) and 10 in both tests (3,6%). There was a significant statistical association for the variable form of breeding, where 100% of the wandering animals were seropositive to at least one of the tests (P <0,005). Such association was not found for the other variables analyzed (P >0,05). There was no concordance between the results of the tests, since the ELISA method is more sensitive than the RIFI method.(AU)
الموضوعات
Animals , Cats , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Endemic Diseases/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinaryالملخص
Abstract Bacanga River Basin faces environmental problems related to urbanization and discharge of untreated domestic sewage, which compromise its ecosystem health. Due to the small number of studies that assessed its water quality, the present study aimed to assess the current status of this ecosystem based on the aquatic life protection index. Samples were carried out every two months, in a total of six events, in six sites along the basin, where the water samples were collected to assess physicochemical parameters and calculate the trophic state index and the index of minimum parameters for the protection of aquatic communities. The data were also compared with values determined by the resolution National Environment Council - CONAMA 357/05. Our results reveal significant changes in the water quality of Bacanga River Basin. An increase in nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentration led it to eutrophication. The surfactant values were high and put in danger the aquatic biota. Dissolved oxygen rates were below the values allowed by the resolution in most sites sampled. The current water quality is terrible for the protection of aquatic life in 61.92% of the sites sampled.
Resumo A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Bacanga (BHRB) apresenta problemas ambientais relacionados a urbanização e lançamentos de esgoto in natura que comprometem a qualidade desse ecossistema. Devido ao reduzido número de estudos associados à avaliação da qualidade da água no local, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a situação atual desse ecossistema por meio do Índice de Proteção da Vida Aquática. Seis amostragens bimestrais foram realizadas em seis pontos ao longo da bacia, coletando parâmetros físico-químicos para a aplicação do Índice de Estado Trófico e Índice de Parâmetros Mínimos para a Proteção da Vida Aquática, relacionando-os com a resolução Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente - CONAMA/357. Os resultados revelaram alterações significativas na qualidade da água da BHRB, o aumento de nutrientes e das concentrações de clorofila-a conduziram ao um estado geral de eutrofização. Os valores de surfactantes foram altos colocando em risco a biota aquática e as taxas de oxigênio dissolvido estiveram abaixo do permitido pela resolução na maioria dos pontos amostrados. A situação atual da qualidade da água para proteção da vida aquática é péssima em 61,92% dos pontos amostrados.
الموضوعات
Water Quality , Conservation of Natural Resources , Aquatic Organisms , Urbanization , Brazilالملخص
Acupuncture derives from traditional Chinese medicine, which aims to restore homeostasis. The action mechanism of this technique involves stimulation of certain points on the skin by inserting a needle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of stimulation of acupoints C7 and PC6 on the heart rate variability, heart rate and heart rhythm in healthy dogs. 30 male and female adult dogs were used, with no breed restriction. The animals were analyzed at two different times in weekly intervals. Firstly were applied needles in the true acupoints, and on the second time we applied needles in false acupoints. Previously to the acupuncture an ECG with 2 minutes of recorder was performed, and after an insertion of needles the electrocardiographic recording was maintained during the 30 minutes of acupuncture. Results showed no significant difference between the HR when comparing true and false acupoints (p = 0.890). For heart rate variability a small difference was observed between the groups (p = 0.0051), however, when comparing the baseline with 15 and 25 minutes of monitoring in the false acupoint group, no significant results were found when compared with true acupoint. In conclusion, it is suggested that the stimulation of acupoints C-7 and PC-6 in healthy dogs does not promote change in sympathovagal balance, specifically on the heart rate variability, heart rate and heart rhythm on healthy dogs.(AU)
الموضوعات
Animals , Dogs , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/veterinary , Heart Rate , Parasympathetic Nervous System , Sympathetic Nervous Systemالملخص
A eletrocardiografia computadorizada é mais precisa e prática quando comparada à convencional e por essa razão vem ganhando espaço na rotina clínica. No entanto os valores de referência devem diferir para os dois métodos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar e comparar o exame eletrocardiográfico computadorizado com o exame obtido pelo método convencional em equinos. O estudo demonstrou diferenças na amplitude da onda P (P<0,0001) com valor médio de 0,21 mV para o método convencional e 0,17 mV para o computadorizado; duração do intervalo PR (p=0,0005), tendo o valor médio de 260,49 ms para o método convencional e 242,37 ms para o informatizado e duração do complexo QRS (p=0,0003), sendo a média de valores para o método convencional de 75,61ms e 84,83 ms para o computadorizado. Essas diferenças devem ser levadas em consideração com o intuito de evitar equívocos na interpretação da eletrocardiografia na espécie equina.
Computerized electrocardiography has been gaining space in clinic routines because it is more practical and precise when compared to the conventional method. However, their reference values may differ from each other. The aim of this paper was to analyze and compare computerized and conventional electrocardiography in horses. Differences were observed between P wave amplitude (P<0001) with a mean of 0.21mV in the conventional method and 0.17mV in the computerized method, PR interval duration (p=0.0005) with a mean of 260.49 ms and 242.37 ms in the conventional and computerized methods respectively, and QRS complex duration (p=0.0003) with a mean of 75.61 ms in the conventional method and 84.83 ms in the computerized method. These differences should be taken into consideration in order to avoid misunderstandings in the interpretation of the electrocardiogram in equine species.
الموضوعات
Animals , Electrocardiography , Horses , Medical Informatics/methods , Medical Informatics/trends , Medical Examination/analysisالملخص
Estudou-se o efeito do teor de metionina + cistina sobre o desempenho de codornas de corte durante a fase inicial (nascimento ao 21° dia). Foram utilizadas 360 codornas, de ambos os sexos, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis níveis de metionina + cistina total (0,86; 0,96; 1,06; 1,16; 1,26 e 1,36), quatro repetições e 15 aves por unidade experimental. As características avaliadas foram o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar para fase inicial. Observou-se efeito quadrático significativo do teor de metionina + cistina sobre todas as variáveis avaliadas do nascimento ao 21° dia de idade, sendo observado melhor desempenho nas codornas alimentadas com 1,21% de metionina + cistina para peso corporal e ganho de peso, 1,36% de metionina + cistina para consumo e 1,1% de metionina + cistina para conversão alimentar. A exigência de metionina + cistina para máximo ganho de peso na fase inicial é de 1,21%.
The effect of total methionine + cystine level on the performance traits of European quails during the initial phase of the growth period (from hatch to 21 days of age) was evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with six levels of total methionine + cystine (.86; .96; 1.06; 1.16;1.26;1.36), with four replicates and 15 quails per experimental unit. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed: weight gain ratio were evaluated. Significant quadratic effects of total methionine + cystine level on the performance traits recorded from hatch to 21 days of age were observed. Highest body weight and weight gain were estimated for quails fed 1.21% total methionoine + cystine diets, lowest feed intake was estimated for quails fed 1.36% diets and best feed: weight gain ratio was estimated for quails fed 1.1% total methionoine + cystine diet. The total methionine + cystine requirement for weight gain from hatch to 21 days of age is 1.21%.
الموضوعات
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Coturnix/metabolism , Methionine/administration & dosage , Methionine/adverse effectsالملخص
O peso e o rendimento das carcaças de codornas de corte da linhagem EV1 foram avaliados no 35° dia de idade em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos consistidos de um fatorial 2 x 6, ou seja, dois sexos e seis níveis de metionina+cistina totais (0,73; 0,79; 0,85; 0,91; 0,97 e 1,03%), quatro repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados peso corporal, peso e rendimento de carcaça, peito, coxa, asas, vísceras comestíveis e gordura abdominal. Não houve efeito da interação sexo x nível de metionina das dietas para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de metionina+cistina sobre peso corporal, carcaça, peito, coxa, asa e coração, com pontos de máximo em 0,93% para peso corporal, carcaça, peito e coxa; 0,90% para peso de asa e 0,92% para peso de coração. O peso de fígado aumentou de forma linear à medida que foram aumentados os níveis de metionina+cistina das dietas. Os níveis de metionina+cistina da dieta influenciaram de forma quadrática nos rendimentos de peito e asas, com pontos de máximo estimados para codornas alimentadas com dietas contendo 0,96% e 0,98% de metionina+cistina, respectivamente. O maior rendimento de moela foi obtido nas codornas alimentadas com 0,73% de metionina+cistina. O peso corporal de carcaça, peito, coxa, asa, fígado, moela e o rendimento de fígado nas fêmeas foram maiores que nos machos. A exigência de metionina+cistina para pesos de carcaça e peito é 0,93%, e para rendimento de peito 0,96%...
Carcass weight and yield of European quail strain EV1 were evaluated at 35 days of age in a completely randomized experimental design, with the treatments consisting of a 2 x 6 factorial combination, two sexes and six different methionine+cystine levels of diets (.73; .79; .85; .91; .97 and 1.03%), with four replicates and 12 quails per experimental unit. Body weight, weights and yields of carcass, breast, thigh, wing and, edible giblets and abdominal fat were recorded. Significant and quadratic effect of methionine+cystine level on body weight, weights of carcass, breast, thigh and heart were observed with estimated maximum of body weight and weights of carcass, breast and thigh for quails fed .93% methionine+cystine diets, .90% for wing weight and .92% for heart weight. Increasing and linear response of liver weight to methionine+cystine level of diet was estimated while breast and wing yields showed quadratic responses with estimated maximum for quails fed .96% and .98% methionine+cystine level diets. Higher gizzard yield was observed for quails fed .73% diets. Higher body weight, and weights of carcass, thigh, wing, liver, gizzard and liver yields were estimated for females. Methionine+cystine requirement for quail carcass and breast weights is .93% and for breast yield .96%...
الموضوعات
Animals , Cystine/administration & dosage , Colinus/growth & development , Diet/veterinary , Methionine/administration & dosage , Weight Gain , Amino Acidsالملخص
Foram estudados olhos glaucomatosos de cães referidos no serviço de diagnóstico por imagem. Os pacientes foram submetidos à ultrassonografia em modo B de alta resolução para realização de biometria ocular, por meio da qual foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: espessura central da córnea, profundidade da câmara anterior, espessura da lente e profundidade da câmara vítrea. Para tal, foi realizada contenção física e instilado colírio anestésico. Foram aferidas a PIO e a paquimetria da córnea e, em seguida, foi realizada a ultrassonografia em modo B nos dois olhos. Além da diferença óbvia de PIO, maior nos bulbos glaucomatosos, os resultados mostraram-se estatisticamente significativos em dois parâmetros: aumento da profundidade da câmara vítrea nos casos de glaucoma crônico (1,24±0,26cm; P=0,01) quando se comparou aos olhos controle e aumento da espessura da córnea também nos casos de glaucoma agudo (0,987±0,28cm; P=0,027), quando se comparou aos olhos controle e aos olhos com glaucoma crônico. Observou-se que a câmara vítrea é a estrutura intraocular que mais contribui no processo de expansão de volume do bulbo (buftalmia) durante o glaucoma...
Dogs with glaucomatous eyes referred to the Diagnostic Image Service at the Veterinary Hospital in the Federal University of Parana were studied using B-mode ultrasonography. Patients were submitted to a high resolution B-mode ultrasonography examination in order to perform ocular echobiometry. The following measurements were performed: central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth. Physical restraint was performed and anesthetic eye drops were used. Corneal pachymetry and IOP were evaluated first and then B-mode ultrasonography was carried out in both eyes. Besides an obvious difference in IOP, which is higher in glaucomatous eyes, vitreous chamber depth significantly increases in cases of chronic glaucomatous eyes (1.24±0.26cm P=0.01), when compared to control eyes; and corneal thickness also increases in cases of acute glaucoma (0.987±0.28cm P=0.027), when compared to control eyes and to chronic glaucomatous eyeballs as well. Vitreous chamber is the intraocular structure that most contributes to the process of volume expansion of the globe (buphthalmos)...
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Biometry , Cornea , Dogs/anatomy & histology , Glaucoma , Glaucoma/veterinary , Intraocular Pressure , Lens, Crystalline , Conjunctiva , Diagnostic Imaging/veterinary , Epiretinal Membraneالملخص
Com o objetivo de analisar a intensidade das alterações histológicas em brânquias de Centropomus undecimalis para avaliar a qualidade da água do Parque Ecológico Laguna da Jansen, em São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, coletaram-se exemplares de peixes no período chuvoso de 2012 e amostras de água nos períodos seco de 2011 e chuvoso de 2012 para análises físico-química e bacteriológica. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos estava de acordo com os valores estabelecidos pela Resolução do CONAMA nº 357 de 2005. As alterações histológicas observadas foram: elevação do epitélio lamelar; proliferação excessiva de células dos epitélios filamentar e lamelar causando fusão total ou parcial das lamelas; alteração da estrutura das lamelas; hiperplasia das células mucosas; ruptura do epitélio lamelar; espessamento descontrolado do tecido proliferativo filamentar e lamelar e aneurismas de vários tamanhos. Também foi observada a presença de parasito em alguns exemplares. O Índice de Alteração Histológica (IAH) por indivíduo variou de 2 a 114. O valor médio do IAH obtido foi de 40,3, demonstrando que as brânquias dos indivíduos amostrados da espécie C. undecimalis apresentaram alterações de moderadas para severas no tecido. As alterações histológicas encontradas indicam que esses indivíduos desenvolveram mecanismos de defesa contra a ação de estressores presentes na água da laguna e a um provável desequilíbrio parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente associado à baixa qualidade do ambiente...
Aiming to analyze the intensity of the histological changes in the gills of Centropomus undecimalis to assess the water quality at Ecological Park of the Laguna da Jansen, in São Luís, State of Maranhão, specimens of fish were collected during the rainy season of 2012 and water samples during the dry season in 2011 and rainy season in 2012 for physical-chemical and bacteriological analyses. The results showed that most of the physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters analyzed agreed with the values established by CONAMA Resolution nº 357 of 2005. The histological changes were elevation of the lamellar epithelium, excessive cell proliferation of the filamentum and lamellar epithelium causing total or partial melting of the lamellar; changing the structure of the lamellar, hyperplasia of mucous cells, disruption of the lamellar epithelium, uncontrolled proliferative tissue filamentum thickening and lamellar and aneurysms in various sizes. We noted the presence of parasites in some samples. The Index Histological Amendment (IAH) per individual ranged from 2 to 114. The mean IAH obtained was 40.3, demonstrating that the gills of the individuals of the C. undecimalis species showed moderate to severe changes in the tissue. The histological findings indicate that these individuals have developed defense mechanisms against the action of stressors present in the water of the Laguna da Jansen and a probable parasite-host-environment imbalance associated with the environment's low quality...
الموضوعات
Animals , Bacteriological Techniques , Bass/anatomy & histology , Bass/physiology , Gills/physiopathology , Gills/microbiology , Water Bacteriological Characteristics , Bass/immunology , Coliformsالملخص
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes cargas de exercícios físicos no comportamento da frequência e do ritmo cardíaco de cães saudáveis, ao longo das 24 horas de gravação Holter. Utilizaram-se 23 cães, sem restrição de sexo, idade ou raça, dos quais 15 foram submetidos a atividades físicas e pertenciam ao grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram alterações na frequência cardíaca durante as atividades propostas, em que se alcançaram 174±27bpm durante a caminhada leve, 148±30 durante a atividade com bola e 165±26 durante o Cooper. Ademais, observaram-se arritmias, incluindo bloqueios atrioventriculares e extrassístoles e maior número e duração de pausas (até 5s) em repouso, além de uma menor variação na frequência cardíaca (FC) durante o período de sono dos animais do grupo experimental. Esses eventos não foram observados no grupo controle, o que sugere que o exercício físico extenuante interfere na modulação autonômica do coração, podendo predispor a arritmias importantes.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different loads of exercises on the heart rate behavior and rhythm in healthy dogs, over the 24-hour Holter recording. Twenty-three dogs were used without gender, age or breed restriction, and 15 animals were submitted to physical activities and 8 were used as control group. The results showed changes in heart rate during the proposed activities, with 174±27 bpm while walking, 148±30 during ball activity and 165±26 during Cooper. Moreover, arrhythmias were observed, including atrioventricular blocks and premature complexes and a larger number and duration of pauses (up to 5 sec) at rest, and provided a smaller variation in the HR during the sleep period of animals from the experimental group. These events were not observed in the control group, suggesting that strenuous physical exercise affects the autonomic modulation of the heart, and may lead to important arrhythmias.
الموضوعات
Animals , Heart/anatomy & histology , Electrocardiography , Exercise/physiology , Dogs/classificationالملخص
A 12-year-old male English Pointer was examined due to a soft-tissue swelling at the medial canthus of the right orbital region, which was causing facial deformity. The dog had epiphora, purulent nasal discharge, epistaxis, dyspnea, and progressive weight loss. An intraoral mass was observed near the right maxillary premolars. Neoplastic disease was diagnosed based on ancillary tests, which included blood work, skull and intraoral radiographs, ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography. Histopathology revealed transitional carcinoma involving the nasal and oral cavities, maxilla, bony orbit and retrobulbar space. Nasal tumors represent approximately 2% of all tumors diagnosed in this species. Transitional carcinoma is the second most common type of malignant epithelial tumor in the nasal sinuses. This case illustrates the extensive destruction of the soft and bony tissues of the face, including the bony orbit that this type of tumor can cause.
Um cão da raça Pointer Inglês, de 12 anos de idade, foi encaminhado para avaliação clínica por apresentar aumento de volume no canto temporal (medial) da órbita direita, o qual estava causando deformidade facial. O cão apresentava epífora, secreção nasal mucopurulenta, epistaxe, dispnésia e perda de peso progressiva. Uma massa foi observada na cavidade oral, próxima aos dentes pré-molares, do lado direito da face. Suspeitou-se de proliferação neoplásica baseando-se nos testes auxiliares, entre os quais: radiografia craniana e oral, ultrassonografia ocular e tomografia computadorizada. A análise histopatológica da massa revelou tratar-se de carcinoma transicional envolvendo as cavidades oral e nasal, os ossos da maxila e da órbita, além do espaço retrobulbar. Os tumores da cavidade nasal representam aproximadamente 2% de todos os tumores diagnosticados nessa espécie. O carcinoma transicional é o segundo tipo de neoplasia epitelial maligna mais comum nos seios nasais de cães. Este trabalho descreve a destruição extensiva dos tecidos moles e dos ossos da face e chama atenção para o fato de que esse tipo de neoplasia deve ser considerado nas doenças da órbita.
الموضوعات
Animals , Carcinoma/pathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Neoplasms , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Dogs , Tomographyالملخص
We compared two electroretinography (ERG) electrodes in dogs using ERG standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Ten healthy Yorkshire terrier dogs (mean age, 2.80 ± 1.42 years; 6 females) weighing 5.20 ± 1.56 kg were evaluated using an ERG system for veterinary use. Dark- and light-adapted ERG responses were recorded using an ERG-Jet electrode and a fiber electrode prototype. The examinations were performed during 2 visits, 3 weeks apart. Both electrodes (ERG-Jet or fiber prototype) were used on each animal and the first eye to be recorded (OD × OS) was selected randomly. Three weeks later the examination was repeated on the same animal switching the type of electrode to be used that day and the first eye to be examined. The magnitude and waveform quality obtained with the two electrode types were similar for all ERG responses. ERG amplitudes and implicit times obtained from dogs using the fiber electrode prototype were comparable to those obtained with the ERG-Jet electrode for rod, maximal rod-cone summed, cone, and 30-Hz flicker responses. The fiber electrode prototype is a low-cost device, available as an alternative instrument for clinical veterinary ERG recording for retinal function assessment.
الموضوعات
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Cornea/physiology , Electrodes , Electroretinography/veterinary , Equipment Design , Electroretinography/instrumentation , Electroretinography/methods , Photic Stimulation , Reproducibility of Resultsالملخص
Los mini-implantes son en la actualidad una herramienta ideal para obtener un anclaje máximo y solucionar un sinfín de problemas clínicos ortodóncicos. Son dispositivos fabricados con titanio grado V (Ti-6AI-4V), que los vuelve más resistentes a la fractura y menos propensos a la oseointegración. El siguiente trabajo tuvo como objetivo reunir diversos estudios de la literatura actual sobre los mini-implantes, para facilitar el entendimiento del asunto al ortodoncista clínico y odontólogos interesados en conocer este dispositivo. Este trabajo reunió estudios en relación a los aspectos clínicos y estructurales de los mini-implantes. Se hizo hincapié en los aspectos estructurales de los mini-implantes, ya que la literatura es escasa en este sentido. Se concluyó que los mini-implantes son dispositivos de anclaje temporario muy útiles en el tratamiento ortodóncico. Siguiendo las orientaciones establecidas y confeccionados de materiales estandarizados internacionalmente, los mini-implantes pueden ser usados en forma segura en seres humanos
Nowadays, the mini-implants are an ideal tool to obtain maximum anchorage solving an endless number of clinical orthodontic problems. These devices are made by titanium grade V (Ti-6Al-4V), which makes them more resistant to breakage and less inclined to osseointegration. By bringing together many studies on the mini-implants' current literature, this article aimed the understanding of the clinical orthodontists and dentists interested in work with this device. The topics are related with the biological, surgical and structural mini-implants. This article emphasized the structural aspects of the mini-implants because the literature is scarce in this important topic. The conclusion was that mini-implants are a temporary anchorage devices very useful in the orthodontic treatment. If followed the guidelines established and using manufactured materials internationally standardized, mini-implants can be used safely in humans
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Implants , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Dental Materials , Orthodonticsالملخص
Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (FDKs), the incidence of two main Gibberella (a teleomorph of Fusarium) complexes (G. fujikuroi and G. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grown across 23 municipalities during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. Additionally, 104 strains that were representative of all of the analysed samples were identified to species using PCR assays. The mean FDK was seven per cent, and only six of the samples had levels greater than six per cent. Fusarium spp. of the G. fujikuroi complex were present in 96% of the samples, and G. zeae was present in 18% of the samples (5/27). The mean incidence of G. fujikuroi was 58%, and the incidence of G. zeae varied from 2 to 6%. FB1 was found in 58.6%, FB2 in 37.9%, and both toxins in 37.9% of the samples. The FB1 and FB2 levels were below the quantification limits for 41.3% of the samples, and the mean FB1 levels (0.66 µg/g) were higher than the mean FB2 levels (0.42 µg/g). The PCR identification separated the 104 isolates into three of the G. fujikuroi complex: F. verticillioides (76%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. proliferatum (2%); and G. zeae (anamorph = F. graminearum) (18%). Our results confirmed the dominance of F. verticillioides, similar to other regions of Brazil, but they differed due to the relatively higher incidence of F. graminearum. Total fumonisin levels were below the maximum limit determined by current Brazilian regulations.
الموضوعات
Humans , Food Contamination , Fumonisins/analysis , Fumonisins/isolation & purification , Fusarium/growth & development , Fusarium/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Mycoses , Plant Structures , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Food Samples , Methods , Zea maysالملخص
Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes porcentagens de inclusão de metionina + cistina sobre o desempenho de codornas de corte durante as fases inicial - nascimento ao 21º dia - e total de criação - nascimento a 35º dia de idade. Foram utilizadas 288 codornas, de ambos os sexos, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis porcentagens de inclusão de metionina + cistina total, 0,73; 0,79; 0,85; 0,91; 0,97 e 1,03%, quatro repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental. As variáveis avaliadas foram peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar do nascimento ao 21º dia e do nascimento ao 35º dia de idade. Verificou-se efeito quadrático da inclusão do nascimento ao 21º dia de idade para todas as características avaliadas, observando melhor desempenho com 0,97% de metionina + cistina para peso corporal e ganho de peso, e 0,96% para consumo e conversão alimentar. Houve efeito quadrático da adição nível de metionina + cistina do nascimento ao 35º dia de idade para peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar, com melhor desempenho com 0,95; 0,95 e 0,96%, respectivamente. A exigência de metionina + cistina para máximo ganho de peso na fase inicial foi de 0,97%, e para fase total de criação 0,95%.
The effect of total methionine + cystine on performance of European quail EV2 strain during two phases of the growth period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 35 days of age) were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, with six levels of methinine + cystine (.73; .79; .85; .91; .97 and 1.03), four replicates and 12 quails per experimental unit. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed:weight gain ratio were recorded from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 35 days of age. The quadratic effect of methionine + cystine was observed for all traits measured from hatch to 21 days of age. Highest body weight and weight gain were estimated for quails fed .95% methionine + cystine diets, while better feed intake and feed:weight gain ratio were estimated for those fed .96% diets. The quadratic effects of methionine + cystine levels on body weight, weight gain and feed intake were also observed from hatch to 35 days of age, with estimated highest performance for quails fed .95%; .95%;and .96% diets, respectively. Methionine + cystine requirement for EV2 strain is .97% from hatch to 21 days of age and .97% from hatch to 35 days of age.