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Abstract Objectives The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to determine the endotypic inflammatory pattern of a sample of patients with CRS in Brazil, correlate it with olfactory function, and evaluate the clinical severity of the disease. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 73 CRS patients were recruited. Patients were classified into type 2 and non-type 2 endotypic patterns based on IgE and eosinophilia levels. All subjects performed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®) and responded to the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Results The majority of patients had type 2 CRS (n = 57, 78.1%). Patients with type 2 CRS compared to non-type 2 CRS had a higher prevalence of nasal polyps (93% vs. 12.5%), asthma (40.3% vs. 12.5%), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD, 17.5% vs. 0%). Type 2 patients also had significantly lower UPSIT® and higher SNOT-22, Lund-Kennedy, and Lund-Mackay scores. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that type 2 CRS is associated with a higher prevalence of nasal polyps, asthma, and NERD, as well as decreased olfactory function and worse quality of life scores. These data will contribute to the body of knowledge on CRS and the development of treatments for this disease in Brazil. Level of evidence: 3.
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Abstract Introduction Auditory evoked potentials are widely used in clinical practice to complement the assessment of central auditory processing. However, it is necessary to understand whether these potentials are highly accurate, to assist in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder. Objective To measure the accuracy of middle and long latency auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder in adults. Methods This is a case-control study, formed by a control group of 30 individuals with normal auditory processing assessment, and a case group composed of 43 individuals with altered auditory processing assessment. Their sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of alterations were measured and compared between the potentials. Results The accuracies of the middle and long latency potentials were 51% and 67%, respectively. The P1-N1-P2 and N2-P300 complexes had an accuracy of 57.5% and 58.9%, respectively. The cognitive potential P300 showed an accuracy of 55%. There was no significant result for the middle-latency potential (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6-5.4, p > 0.42) and for P300 (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.85-8.43, p > 0.11). However, the result was significant for the long-latency potential (OR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2-19.6, p < 0.01). There was a significant result for the P1-N1-P2 complexes (OR = 6.76, 95% Cl:1.4-32.5, p = < 0.010) and N2-P300 (OR = 3.60; 95% CI: 10.16-11.20, p < 0.039). Conclusion Individuals with altered long-latency auditory evoked potential are more likely to have auditory processing disorder and, as such, this test can be used as a complementary tool to confirm the diagnosis.
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Abstract Introduction Auditory processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness with which the central auditory nervous system uses auditory information. Middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials are objective electrophysiological tests that can complement the diagnosis of alterations involving central auditory processing. Objectives To standardize latency and amplitude values for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults with normal hearing thresholds. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-three adults with normal hearing thresholds, without hearing complaints, and with normal central auditory processing were evaluated. All underwent basic audiological evaluation, central auditory processing assessment, and short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials. Results Absolute latency and interpeak values for middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials were lower than internationally suggested. However, for the brainstem auditory evoked potential, the means were within the range considered as normal, as suggested in the equipment. Conclusions The present study provided measurements of normal latencies and amplitudes for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults.
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Abstract Introduction Olfactory epithelium biopsy has been useful for studying diverse otorhinolaryngological and neurological diseases, including the potential to better understand the pathophysiology behind COVID-19 olfactory manifestations. However, the safety and efficacy of the technique for obtaining human olfactory epithelium are still not fully established. Objective This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of harvesting olfactory epithelium cells, nerve bundles, and olfactory epithelium proper for morphological analysis from the superior nasal septum. Methods During nasal surgery, 22 individuals without olfactory complaints underwent olfactory epithelium biopsies from the superior nasal septum. The efficacy of obtaining olfactory epithelium, verification of intact olfactory epithelium and the presence of nerve bundles in biopsies were assessed using immunofluorescence. Safety for the olfactory function was tested psychophysically using both unilateral and bilateral tests before and 1 month after the operative procedure. Results Olfactory epithelium was found in 59.1% of the subjects. Of the samples, 50% were of the quality necessary for morphological characterization and 90.9% had nerve bundles. There was no difference in the psychophysical scores obtained in the bilateral olfactory test (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT®]) between means before biopsy: 32.3 vs. postoperative: 32.5, p= 0.81. Also, no significant decrease occurred in unilateral testing (mean unilateral test scores 6 vs. 6.2, p= 0.46). None out of the 56 different odorant identification significantly diminished (p> 0.05). Conclusion The technique depicted for olfactory epithelium biopsy is highly effective in obtaining neuronal olfactory tissue, but it has moderate efficacy in achieving samples useful for morphological analysis. Olfactory sensitivity remained intact.
Resumo Introdução A biópsia do epitélio olfatório tem sido útil para estudar diversas doenças otorrinolaringológicas e neurológicas, incluindo seu potencial para melhor compreender a fisiopatologia por trás das manifestações olfatórias na COVID‐19. No entanto, a segurança e eficácia da técnica de obtenção de epitélio olfatório humano ainda não estão totalmente estabelecidas. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a segurança e eficácia da coleta de células do epitélio olfatório, feixes nervosos e epitélio olfatório adequados para análise morfológica, no septo nasal superior. Método Durante a cirurgia nasal, 22 indivíduos sem queixas olfatórias foram submetidos a biópsias de epitélio olfatório do septo nasal superior. A eficácia da obtenção de epitélio olfatório, a verificação de epitélio olfatório íntegro e a presença de feixes nervosos nas biópsias foram avaliadas por imunofluorescência. A segurança da função olfatória foi testada psicofisicamente usando testes unilaterais e bilaterais antes e um mês após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados Epitélio olfatório foi encontrado em 59,1% dos sujeitos. Das amostras, 50% apresentaram a qualidade necessária para a caracterização morfológica e 90,9% continham feixes nervosos. Não houve diferença nos escores psicofísicos obtidos no teste olfatório bilateral (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT®]) entre as médias antes da biópsia: 32,3 vs. pós‐operatório: 32,5, p = 0,81. Além disso, nenhuma diminuição significante ocorreu no teste unilateral (escore médio do teste unilateral 6 vs. 6,2, p = 0,46). Não houve redução significante na identificação de nenhum dos 56 odorantes diferentes (p > 0,05). Conclusão A técnica descrita para biópsia de epitélio olfatório é altamente eficaz na obtenção de tecido olfatório neuronal, mas tem eficácia moderada na obtenção de amostras adequadas para análise morfológica. A capacidade olfativa permaneceu intacta.
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Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed millions of lives. Adequate protection of the professionals involved in patient care is essential in the battle against this disease. However, there is much uncertainty involving safety-relarted topics that are of particular interest to the rhinologist in the context of COVID-19. Objective To evaluate the current evidence regarding three safety-related topics: mask and respirator use, performance of nasal endoscopic procedures, and use of topical nasal and intranasal medications (saline irrigation and nasal corticosteroids). Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with standardized search queries for each of the three topics of interest. Results In total, 13 articles on mask use, 6 articles on the safety of nasal corticosteroids, 6 articles on the safety of nasal endoscopic procedures, and 1 article on nasal irrigation with saline solution were included in the final analysis. Conclusion N95 respirators are essential for the adequate protection of otolaryngologists. If reuse is necessary, physical methods of sterilization must be employed. No evidence was found to contraindicate the use of nasal corticosteroids, whether acute (in the management of sinonasal inflammatory conditions) or continued (in patients who use them chronically). Nasal irrigation with saline solution apparently does not increase the risk in the context of COVID-19. Nasal endoscopic procedures should only be performed after testing the patient for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the surgical team must wear full personal protective equipment to prevent aerosol exposure.
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Abstract Introduction Sudden olfactory dysfunction is a new symptom related to COVID-19, with little data on its duration or recovery rate. Objective To characterize patients with sudden olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially their recovery data. Methods An online survey was conducted by the Brazilian Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery, and Brazilian Academy of Rhinology, including doctors who assessed sudden olfactory dysfunction patients starting after February 1st, 2020. Participants were posteriorly asked by e-mail to verify data on the recovery of sudden olfactory loss and test for COVID-19 at the end of the data collection period. Results 253 sudden olfactory dysfunction patients were included, of which 59.1% were females with median age of 36 years, with a median follow-up period of 31 days. 183 patients (72.3%) had been tested for COVID-19, and of those 145 (79.2%) tested positive. Patients that tested positive for COVID-19 more frequently showed non-specific inflammatory symptoms (89.7% vs. 73.7%; p = 0.02), a lower rate of total recovery of sudden olfactory dysfunction (52.6% vs. 70.3%; p = 0.05) and a longer duration to achieve total recovery (15 days vs. 10 days; p = 0.0006) than the ones who tested negative for COVID-19. Considering only positive-COVID-19 patients, individuals with sudden hyposmia completely recovered more often than the ones with sudden anosmia (68.4% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.04). Conclusion Positive-COVID-19 patients with sudden olfactory dysfunction showed lower total recovery rate and longer duration than negative-COVID-19 patients. Additionally, total recovery was seen more frequently in positive-COVID-19 patients with sudden hyposmia than the ones with sudden anosmia.
Resumo Introdução A perda súbita do olfato é um novo sintoma relacionado à COVID-19, porém com poucos dados sobre sua duração ou resolução. Objetivo Caracterizar pacientes que apresentaram perda súbita do olfato durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e em especial a sua recuperação. Método Pesquisa online desenvolvida pela Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial e Academia Brasileira de Rinologia direcionado aos médicos que atenderam pacientes com perda súbita do olfato com início após 1° de fevereiro de 2020. Os participantes foram questionados posteriormente por e-mail, para verificar os dados sobre a recuperação da perda súbita do olfato e teste para COVID-19, no final do período de coleta de dados. Resultados Foram incluídos 253 pacientes com perda súbita de olfato, 59,1% mulheres e idade mediana de 36 anos, acompanhados por 31 dias (mediana). Testagem para COVID-19 foi feita em 183 (72,3%) pacientes, 145 (79,2%) positivos e 38 (20,8%) negativos. COVID-19 positivos apresentaram sintomas inflamatórios inespecíficos mais frequentemente (89,7% vs. 73,7%; p = 0,02); menor taxa de recuperação total da perda súbita do olfato (52,6% vs. 70,3%; p = 0,05) e maior tempo para atingir a recuperação total (15 dias vs. 10 dias; p = 0,0006) comparados aos COVID-19 negativos. Considerando somente COVID-19 positivos, hiposmia súbita apresentou melhoria total mais frequentemente do que anosmia súbita (68,4% vs. 50,0%; p = 0,04). Conclusão A perda súbita do olfato em pacientes COVID-19 positivos apresentou menor taxa de recuperação total e duração mais prolongada do que em Covid-19 negativos. E a hiposmia súbita apresentou recuperação total mais frequentemente do que a anosmia súbita em COVID-19 positivos.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Brazil , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiologyالملخص
Abstract Introduction: We are facing a pandemic with a great impact worldwide, as a result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The medical community is still getting to know behavior of this virus and the consequences from a population point of view. All this knowledge is extremely dynamic, so some behaviors are still not well established. Otorhinolaryngologists have a central role in the management of this situation, in which they must assess the patient, avoid contamination to and by health professionals and other patients. Thus, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) have the main objective of reducing the spread of the new coronavirus during otorhinolaryngological care and assisting in the management of these patients. Methods: Review of the main recommendations of national and international scientific societies, decisions by government agencies and class councils. The topics will be related to the general aspects of COVID-19, personal protective equipment, care in patient assistance, endoscopic exam routines and the management of sinonasal, otological and pediatric evaluations related to COVID-19. Results: The use of personal protective equipment is considered crucial in routine ENT care. We recommend postponing appointments, exams and elective surgeries to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Similarly, we recommend changing routines in several areas of otolaryngology. Additionally, guidance is provided on the use of telemedicine resources during the pandemic period. Conclusions: We are still at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and scientific evidence is still scarce and incomplete, so these ABORL-CCF recommendations for otorhinolaryngologists may be updated based on new knowledge and the pattern of the new coronavirus spread.
Resumo: Introdução: Estamos diante de uma pandemia de grande impacto mundial como resultado da rápida propagação do novo coronavírus, COVID-19. A comunidade médica está ainda conhecendo o comportamento desse vírus e as repercussões do ponto de vista populacional. Todo esse conhecimento é extremamente dinâmico, por isso algumas condutas ainda não estão bem estabelecidas. O otorrinolaringologista tem um papel central no manejo dessa situação em que deve avaliar o paciente e evitar a contaminação dos profissionais da saúde e dos demais pacientes. Dessa forma, as recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (ABORL-CCF) têm por objetivo principal reduzir a propagação do novo coronavírus durante o atendimento otorrinolaringológico e auxiliar no manejo desses pacientes. Método: Revisão das principais recomendações das sociedades científicas nacionais, internacionais, decisões de órgãos governamentais e de conselhos de classe. Os tópicos serão relativos aos aspectos gerais do COVID-19, equipamentos de proteção individual, cuidados no atendimento ao paciente, as rotinas dos exames endoscópicos e o manejo de aspectos nasossinusais, otológicos e pediátricos relacionados ao COVID-19. Resultados: É considerado crucial o uso de equipamento de proteção individual no atendimento otorrinolaringológico de rotina. Recomendamos postergar atendimentos, exames e cirurgias eletivas para diminuir a propagação do COVID-19. Da mesma forma, recomendamos mudança de rotinas em diversas áreas da otorrinolaringologia. Além disso, orientações sobre o uso do recurso da telemedicina durante o período de vigência da pandemia. Conclusões: Estamos ainda no início da pandemia do COVID-19 e as evidências científicas são ainda escassas, por isso essas recomendações da ABORL-CCF para os otorrinolaringologistas podem sofrer atualizações baseadas nos novos conhecimentos e no padrão de disseminação do novo coronavírus.
الموضوعات
Humans , Otolaryngology/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Betacoronavirus , Societies, Medical , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infectionsالملخص
Abstract Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure among otorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the "European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses", aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology in the Portuguese language. Objective: Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavities of the "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses" to Portuguese. Methods: A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopic endonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according to the methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith. Results: The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majority of the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest the terms "inferior turbinate", "nasal septum", "(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum", "(middle/inferior) nasal meatus", "frontal sinus drainage pathway", "frontal recess" and "uncinate process" be standardized. Conclusion: We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technical announcements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil.
Resumo: Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o "Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais" com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português da "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses". Método: Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith. Resultados: Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioria dos participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busque uniformizar termos como "concha inferior", "septo nasal", "porção (óssea/cartilaginosa) do septo nasal", "meato (médio/ inferior) nasal", "via da drenagem do seio frontal", "recesso frontal" e "processo uncinado". Conclusão: Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da "European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses" que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais no Brasil.
الموضوعات
Humans , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Nose/anatomy & histology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Terminology as Topic , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Brazil , Nose/surgery , Prospective Studies , Consensus , Language , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Nasal Cavity/surgeryالملخص
Abstract Introduction: The concept of quality of life is subjective and variable definition, which depends on the individual's perception of their state of health. Quality of life questionnaires are instruments designed to measure quality of life, but most are developed in a language other than Portuguese. Questionnaires can identify the most important symptoms, focus on consultation, and assist in defining the goals of treatment. Some of these have been validated for the Portuguese language, but none in children. Objective: To validate the translation with cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) into Portuguese. Methods: Prospective study of children aged 2-12 years with sinonasal symptoms of over 30 days. The study comprised two stages: (I) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SN-5 into Portuguese (SN-5p); and (II) validation of the SN5-p. Statistical analysis was performed to assess internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity, as well as construct and discriminant validity and standardization. Results: The SN-5 was translated and adapted into Portuguese (SN-5p) and the author of the original version approved the process. Validation was carried out by administration of the SN-5p to 51 pediatric patients with sinonasal complaints (mean age, 5.8 ± 2.5 years; range, 2-12 years). The questionnaire exhibited adequate construct validity (0.62, p < 0.01), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73), and discriminant validity (p < 0.01), as well as good test-retest reproducibility (Goodman-Kruskal gamma = 0.957, p < 0.001), good correlation with a visual analog scale (r = 0.62, p < 0.01), and sensitivity to change. Conclusion: This study reports the successful translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SN-5 instrument into Brazilian Portuguese. The translated version exhibited adequate psychometric properties for assessment of disease-specific quality of life in pediatric patients with sinonasal complaints.
Resumo Introdução: O conceito de qualidade de vida é subjetivo e de definição variável; depende da percepção do indivíduo quanto ao seu estado de saúde. Os questionários para qualidade de vida são instrumentos planejados para medir a qualidade de vida, mas a maioria foi desenvolvida em línguas diferentes do português. Os questionários podem identificar os sintomas mais importantes, serem focadas na consulta e ajudar na definição das metas terapêuticas. Alguns desses instrumentos foram validados para o idioma português, mas nenhum em crianças. Objetivo: Validar a tradução com adaptação transcultural e validação do questionário SN-5 para o idioma português. Método: Estudo prospectivo de crianças com idades entre 2 e 12 anos com sintomas sinonasais com mais de 30 dias de duração. O estudo consistiu em dois estágios: (I) tradução e adaptação transcultural do SN-5 para o idioma português (SN-5p); e (II) validação do SN5-p. Foi realizada análise estatística para avaliação da consistência interna, confiabilidade de reteste e sensibilidade, bem como construto e validade discriminante e de padronização. Resultados: O questionário SN-5 foi traduzido e adaptado para o idioma português (SN-5p) e o autor da versão original aprovou o processo. A validação foi realizada pela administração do SN-5p a 51 pacientes pediátricos com queixas sinonasais (media de idade, 5,8 ± 2,5 anos; variação de 2-12 anos). O questionário exibiu validade de construto adequada (0,62, p < 0,01), consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,73) e validade discriminante (p < 0,01), além de boa reprodutibilidade de teste-reteste (gama de Goodman-Kruskal = 0,957, p < 0,001), boa correlação com uma escala analógica visual (r = 0,62, p < 0,01) e sensibilidade à mudança. Conclusão: O presente estudo relata uma bem-sucedida tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário SN-5 para o idioma português brasileiro. A versão traduzida exibiu propriedades psicométricas adequadas para avaliação da qualidade de vida específica para doenças em pacientes pediátricos com queixas sinonasais.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translations , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Cultural Characteristicsالملخص
INTRODUCTION: Establishing a diagnosis in patients with olfactory disturbances has always been challenging for physicians.One reason for this is the rarity of some of the diseases that affect this sense, such as Kallmann's syndrome and post-viral olfactory loss. OBJECTIVE: To identify the major causes of olfactory disturbances and to describe the diagnostic evaluation in outpatients attended to at an ambulatory clinic specialized in olfaction disorders. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in outpatients with primary olfactory complaint attended to between June 1, 2011 and September 30, 2013 in a center specialized in olfactory disorders. Patient history, nasofibroscopy, and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) comprised the examination. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were evaluated. The major causes were chronic rhinosinusitis (31%); rhinitis, primarily the allergic type (19%); post-viral olfactory loss (13%); and post-traumatic loss (8%). UPSIT scores were statistically different among different etiologies (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The major diagnoses that should be part of the physician assessment when a patient complains of olfactory disturbance are chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps, allergic rhinitis, post-viral olfactory loss, and post-traumatic loss. .
INTRODUÇÃO: Estabelecer um diagnóstico em pacientes com distúrbios olfatórios foi sempre um desafio aos médicos. Uma das razões para isso é a raridade de algumas doenças que afetam esse sentido como a Síndrome de Kallmann e a perda olfatória pós-viral. OBJETIVO: Identificar as principais causas das doenças olfatórias e descrever sua condução diagnóstica em um ambulatório direcionado a esses distúrbios. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes ambulatoriais com queixa olfatória primária atendida entre 1º de junho de 2011 e 30 de setembro de 2013 em centro especializado. História clínica, nasofibroscopia e o Teste de Identificação do Olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia (UPSIT) compuseram a avaliação. Sempre que necessário, foram solicitadas tomografia de seios paranasais e ressonância magnética de crânio. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e dois pacientes foram avaliados. As causas mais comuns encontradas foram respectivamente: rinossinusite crônica (31%), rinites (19%), principalmente a rinite alérgica, perda olfatória pós-viral (13%) e pós-traumática (8%). As pontuações no UPSIT foram estatisticamente diferentes entre as cinco principais causas (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os principais diagnósticos que devem fazer parte na investigação médica diante de um paciente com queixa olfatória são: rinossinusite crônica com e sem polipose nasal, rinite alérgica, perda olfatória pós-viral e pós-traumática. .
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Nasal Polyps/complications , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complicationsالملخص
Objective: To describe a case of dermoid cyst arising from the pterygopalatine fossa and review the literature. Methods: We report a case of a 23-year-old man who suffered a car accident 2 years before otolaryngologic attendance. He had one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure and developed a reduction of visual acuity of the left side after the accident. Neurologic investigation was performed and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an incidental finding of a heterogeneous ovoid lesion in the pterygopalatine fossa, hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging. Results: Endoscopic sinus surgery with transpterygoid approach was performed. The ovoid lesion was noted in the pterygopalatine fossa. Puncture for intraoperative evaluation showed a transparent thick fluid. Surprisingly, hair and sebaceous glands were found inside the cyst capsule. The cyst was excised completely. Histologic examination revealed a dermoid cyst. The patient currently has no evidence of recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion: This unique case is a rare report of a dermoid cyst incidentally diagnosed. An endoscopic transnasal transpterygoid approach may be performed to treat successfully this kind of lesion. Although rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expansive lesions in the pterygopalatine fossa, including schwannoma, angiofibroma, esthesioneuroblastoma, osteochondroma, cholesterol granuloma, hemangioma, lymphoma, and osteoma...
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adult , Dermoid Cyst , Epidermal Cyst , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Pterygopalatine Fossa , Diagnosisالملخص
OBJECTIVES: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, a test of olfactory function that is widely used by otolaryngologists, geriatricians, and neurologists, has been translated into more than a dozen languages. In some instances, cultural and socioeconomic factors have necessitated changes in the odorant items or the response alternatives to make the test scores congruent with North American norms. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of Brazilian subjects on a new Portuguese language version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test with their performance on an earlier Portuguese language version of the test, as well as to assess the influences of gender, age, ethnicity, and economic status on the test scores. METHODS: Based on pilot data, several response alternatives of the earlier Portuguese language version of the test were altered in an effort to improve test performance. Forty-nine healthy Brazilian volunteers, who represented several economic classes, were tested. The test scores of the study cohort who received the newer version of the test were compared with those of a group of 25 subjects who received the earlier version of the test. RESULTS: The mean score for the new version [35 (2.1)] was significantly (p = 0.002) higher than that for the earlier version [32.5 (3.5)]. Although no apparent influence of socioeconomic status was observed, the female participants outperformed the male participants in the current subject cohort. CONCLUSION: The changes made in the new cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were effective in increasing the average test scores of the participants. Overall, the female subjects outperformed the male subjects on the test.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cultural Characteristics , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Smell/physiology , Age Factors , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Language , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Translationsالملخص
Obstrução nasal é uma queixa frequente. Quando causada por um desvio de septo nasal, a septoplastia é cirurgia de escolha para tratamento destes pacientes. O questionário NOSE é um instrumento para avaliar a qualidade de vida doença-específica dos pacientes após intervenções para tratamento da obstrução nasal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da septoplastia na qualidade de vida doença-específica dos pacientes com obstrução nasal secundária a desvio de septo. Desenho: Prospectivo. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Pacientes submetidos à septoplastia com/sem turbinectomia após ausência de melhora clínica ao tratamento medicamentoso foram avaliados através do NOSE antes e 3 meses após cirurgia. Avaliou-se a melhora na pontuação total, a magnitude do efeito da cirurgia na qualidade de vida doença-específica e a correlação entre a pontuação pré-operatória e a melhora pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e seis pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Observou-se melhora estatisticamente significativa entre a pontuação do questionário NOSE pré-opera¬tória (md = 75, IIQ = 26) e após três meses (md = 10,IIQ = 20, p < 0,001.T-Wilcoxon). A cirurgia resultou numa magnitude de efeito padronizada de 3,07. Mostrou-se uma forte correlação entre a pontuação pré-operatória no questionário NOSE e a melhora da pontuação no pós-operatório (r = -0,789, p < 0,001, Spearman). Não se encontrou diferença entre a melhora na pontuação segundo sexo. (p = 0,668, U-Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSÃO: A septoplastia resultou numa melhora da QV doença-específica estatisticamente significativa.
Nasal obstruction is a common complaint in the population. When caused by a deviated nasal septum, septoplasty is the procedure of choice for treating these patients. NOSE is a tool for assessing the disease-specific quality of life related to nasal obstruction. AIM: To assess the impact of septoplasty on patients with nasal obstruction secondary to deviated nasal septum based on the disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire. Design: Prospective. METHODS: Patients undergoing septoplasty with/without turbinectomy after no clinical improvement with medical treatment were assessed by the NOSE questionnaire before and 3 months after surgery. We evaluated the surgical improvement based on total score, the magnitude of the surgery in the disease-specific quality of life and the correlation between the preoperative score and postoperatively improvement. RESULTS: Fourty-six patients were included in the study. There was a statistically significant improvement in the preoperative NOSE score (md = 75, IQR = 26) and after three months (md = 10, IQR = 20) (p < 0.001.T-Wilcoxon). The standardized response mean was 3.07. We found a strong correlation between the preoperative score in the NOSE questionnaire and improvements in the postoperative period (r = -0.789, p < 0.001, Spearman). No difference was found in improvement scores by gender. (p = 0.668, U-Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Septoplasty resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the disease-specific QOL questionnaire.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Nasal Septum/surgery , Quality of Life , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
A rinossinusite crônica é uma doença de etiologia não definida que impacta significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A sinusectomia endoscópica foi demonstrada como um tratamento eficaz em melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes em outros países; contudo, não existem estudos nacionais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação cirurgia endoscópica nasossinusal com a qualidade de vida doença-específica dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com e sem polipose nasossinusal pelo SNOT-20. Desenho: Estudo prospectivo. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Pacientes submetidos à sinusectomia endoscópica após ausência de melhora ao tratamento medicamentoso foram avaliados pelo questionário SNOT-20p antes e 12 meses após a cirurgia. Avaliou-se a melhora na pontuação total e nos cinco itens considerados mais importantes por cada paciente. Avaliamos também a presença de correlação entre a pontuação pré-operatória e a melhora pós-operatória e se havia diferença entre a melhora segundo sexo. RESULTADOS: Incluímos 43 pacientes com idade de 44 (19), md (IIQ); e 60,5% (26/43) do sexo masculino. Os pacientes apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significativa no SNOT-20 e SNOT-20 (5+), e correlação entre a pontuação pré-operatória e a melhora da pontuação (p<0.001). Não houve diferença entre melhora da pontuação na qualidade de vida segundo o sexo. CONCLUSÃO: A sinusectomia endoscópica em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica apresenta associação com melhora da QV doença-específica estatisticamente significativa.
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a disease of undefined etiology that significantly impacts the quality of life of its patients. Various studies carried out in countries other than Brazil have shown endoscopic sinus surgery as an effective means of treating this condition. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze, with the aid of SNOT-20, the association between endoscopic sinus surgery and disease-specific quality of life of Brazilian patients treated for chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied or not by nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study enrolled patients submitted to endoscopic sinus surgery after drug therapy failed to improve their symptoms. They were assessed based on questionnaire SNOT-20p before and 12 months after surgery. Improvement on total scores and on the five items deemed more important by each patient were assessed. The study also looked into the correlation between preoperative scores and postoperative improvement and if there were any gender-related improvement differences. RESULTS: Forty-three patients aged 44 (19), md (IQR), 65% of whom (26/43) were males. Statistically significant improvement was seen on SNOT-20 and SNOT-20(5+) and a correlation was established between preoperative scores and postoperative improved scores (p<0.001). No gender-related differences were observed in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with statistically significant improvements in disease-specific quality of life.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Endoscopy , Quality of Life , Rhinitis/surgery , Sinusitis/surgery , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnairesالملخص
O teste de identificação do olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia (SIT) é o exame olfatório mais citado na literatura devido a sua fácil aplicação e alta confiabilidade teste-reteste. Ainda não foram normatizados seus valores de olfação normal para a população brasileira. OBJETIVO: Verificar o escore no SIT alcançado por um grupo de brasileiros e o nível de dificuldade encontrado para a execução do teste. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O SIT foi aplicado a 25 voluntários brasileiros de diversas classes econômicas, sem queixas olfatórias prévias. Após a aplicação do teste, todos preencheram um questionário com uma escala visual analógica (VAS) referente ao nível de dificuldade encontrado na realização do teste. RESULTADOS: O escore médio da amostra de brasileiros foi 32,5 (desvio-padrão:3,48) de 40, abaixo do considerado normal para a população americana. O nível de dificuldade médio encontrado foi 26mm (desvio padrão: 24,68) segundo a VAS, tendendo a facilidade, e 4(16 por cento) participantes não conheciam algum dos odores escritos nas alternativas. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse estudo piloto, houve indícios de boa aplicabilidade do teste, com o escore dos brasileiros pouco abaixo da normosmia. São necessários estudos futuros para confirmar a existência de diferença de pontuação entre pessoas de diferente classe econômica.
The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (SIT) is the most cited olfactory test in the literature because it is easy to perform and there is high test-retest reliability. There were no standardized olfaction values in a normal Brazilian population. AIM: To measure the SIT score in a group of Brazilians, and to assess the level of difficulty when implementing the test. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SIT was applied in 25 Brazilian volunteers of various income levels who presented no olfactory complaints. Following the test, subjects answered a questionnaire with a visual analog scale (VAS) for the level of difficulty. RESULTS: The mean in the sample of Brazilians was 32.5 (SD: 3.48) our of 40; this is below what is considered normal for US citizens. The level of difficulty was on average 26 mm (SD: 24.68) in the VAS, but it trended towards easy; 4(16 percent) participants did not recognize some of the odors under 'alternatives'. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, there was evidence of good test applicability; the score of the sample of Brazilians was just below normosmia. Further studies are needed to confirm the existence of differences between people of different income levels.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Odorants , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smell/physiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Pilot Projects , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factorsالملخص
Introdução: A perfuração do septo nasal é um achado ocasional da rinoscopia anterior e a maioria dos pacientes são assintomáticos. Contudo, são várias as etiologias possíveis dessa afecção, fazendo-se necessária uma investigação criteriosa. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura as principais causas da perfuração septal e descrever os exames diagnósticos atualmente utilizados. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura de periódicos indexados identificáveis até dezembro de 2008. Comentários Finais: Entre as principais causas, encontram-se as traumáticas/iatrogênicas, o uso de drogas nasais, a exposição a gazes tóxicos, as doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas e as neoplasias. O diagnóstico se baseia na anamnese detalhada, com enfoque na ocupação e procedência do paciente, na observação das características mucosas da lesão, na biópsia e na coleta de exames complementares, como o ANCA, guiada pelas suspeitas principais...
Introduction: The nasal septum perforation is an occasional finding of rhinoscopy and most patients are asymptomatic. However, there are several possible etiologies of this condition, making necessary a thorough investigation. Objective: To review the literature the main causes of septal perforation and describe the diagnostic tests currently used. Method: A systematic literature review of journals indexed identifiable until December 2008. Final Comments: The main causes are the traumatic / iatrogenic nasal drug use, exposure to toxic gases, inflammatory and infectious diseases and neoplasms. The diagnosis is based on detailed medical history, focusing on occupation and origin of the patient, observation of the characteristics of mucosal injury on biopsy and collection of additional tests such as ANCA, guided by the main suspect...
الموضوعات
Humans , Granuloma/diagnosis , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/pathology , Nasal Septum/physiopathologyالملخص
Introdução: Desde 1950, foram realizados inúmeros estudos dos corpos estranhos em orelhas e vias aéreas superiores. São casos frequentes no pronto socorro e que, se não abordados adequadamente, podem acarretar várias complicações como trauma e perfuração de membrana timpânica, hemorragias de conduto, perda auditiva e otites. Objetivo: Determinar a idade, sexo, complicações e tipo de corpos estranhos em meato acústico externo de 462 pacientes atendidos em um hospital terciário. Método: Estudo retrospectivo dos casos de corpos estranhos de orelha removidos pelo serviço de Otorrinolaringologia de um hospital terciário no período de 1º de janeiro de 1999 a 31 de julho de 2006. Resultados: Os corpos estranhos mais encontrados foram os insetos. A maior incidência de corpo estranho em orelha foi encontrada na faixa etária acima dos 16 anos e no sexo masculino. As complicações ocorreram principalmente na faixa etária abaixo dos 6 anos. Conclusão: A prevalência de corpo estranho em orelha nos adultos é elevada. As complicações ocorrem principalmente na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos. Em nosso serviço, os insetos são os mais frequentes e os responsáveis pela maior parte das complicações.
Introduction: Since 1950, a numberless of studies of the foreign-bodies in ears and upper airways were executed. They are usual cases in the emergency rooms and, if they are not rightly addressed, they can bring about several complications as trauma and tympanic membrane perforation, auditory meatus hemorrhagia, hearing loss and otitis. Objective: Establish the age, sex, complications and foreign-bodies' type in external auditory meatus of 462 patients attended in a tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective study of the cases of ear' foreign-bodies removed by the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital in the period of January 1, 1999 to July 31, 2006. Results: The insects were the foreign-bodies more found. The major incidence of foreign-body in an ear was found in the age group above 16 years old and, in the male sex. The complications occurred mostly in the age group below 6 years old. Conclusion: The foreign-body' prevalence in an ear of the adults is high. The complications occur mostly in 0 to 6 years old age group. In our service, the insects are the most frequents and the responsible for the major part of the complications.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Foreign Bodies/epidemiology , Foreign Bodies/etiology , Ear/pathology , Otitis/complicationsالملخص
Introdução: Uma das afecções mais atendidas pelos otorrinolaringologistas no pronto socorro é a fratura dos ossos nasais. O pico de incidência encontra-se entre os 15 e 25 anos de idade, sendo mais freqüente no sexo masculino. Objetivo: Analisar a idade, sexo e as causas mais freqüentes das fraturas nasais atendidas no serviço de otorrinolaringologia de um hospital terciário. Método: Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura nasal atendidos no período de 1º de julho de 2003 a 1º julho de 2007. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 167 pacientes com fratura dos ossos nasais, sendo 134 homens e 33 mulheres. A causa mais comum foi a agressão física com 55 casos (32,9%), seguida da queda da própria altura com 33 casos (19,7%) e do acidente em motocicleta com 14 casos (8,4%). A idade mais afetada foi entre 21 e 39 anos (46,1%). Conclusão: Sexo masculino, idade entre 21 e 39 anos e a agressão física são as características mais frequentemente encontradas nos pacientes com fraturas nasais em nosso serviço. Acidente em motocicleta também tem um papel importante nessa afecção.
Introduction: One of the most common diseases in the otorhinolaryngology emergency room is the nasal bones fracture. The peak of incidence is between 15 and 25 years of age. Generally men are more affected. Objective: To analyze the age, gender and the most frequent causes of nasal fractures evaluated in the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital. Method: Retrospective study of records of the patients with nasal fracture diagnosis treated between July 1st, 2003 and July 1st, 2007. Results: 167 patients with nasal bones fracture were included in the study, including 134 men and 33 women. Violence was the most frequent cause, with 55 cases (32.9%), followed by fall from their own height, with 33 cases (19.7%), and motorcycle accident, 14 cases (8.4%). The most common age was between 21 and 39 years (46.1%). Conclusion: Male, age between 21 and 39 years and violence are the most common characteristics found in our service. Motorcycle accidents also play an important role in this affection.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Fractures, Bone , Nasal Bone/injuries , Skull Fractures , Facial Injuries/epidemiologyالملخص
Introdução: As doenças granulomatosas são decorrentes de processos imunopatológicos em que há falha na fagocitose de organismos intracelulares. Podem ocasionar úlceras nas mucosas orais, nasais e faríngeas, lesões nas pregas vocais, otorréia e lesões vegetantes orofaríngeas. Objetivo: Descrever as manifestações otorrinolaringológicas mais freqüentes em doenças granulomatosas comuns: hanseníase, paracoccidioidomicose e leishmaniose. Método: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com as doenças citadas acima, do período de 1º de janeiro de 2005 a 31 de outubro de 2007, no ambulatório de infectologia de um hospital terciário. Resultados: Avaliaram-se 142 pacientes; 93 com diagnóstico de leishmaniose, 39 de paracoccidiodomicose e 10 de hanseníase. Dos 93 casos de leishmaniose, 16 (17,2%) apresentavam comprometimento mucoso, sendo os sinais mais freqüentes a perfuração septal e úlcera em mucosa nasal, ambos com 8 casos. Na paracoccidiodomicose, a lesão mucosa mais freqüente foi a ulceração orofaríngea com 15 casos (38,4%). Conclusão: Sinais e sintomas de cabeça e pescoço são comuns nos pacientes com leishmaniose e paracoccidioidomicose. As manifestações nasais prevalecem na leishmaniose e as orofaríngeas na paracoccidioidomicose.
Introduction: Granulomatous diseases result from immunopathologic processes in which there is a failure in the fagocitosis of intracellular organisms. They can cause oral, nasal and pharyngeal mucosa ulcers, vocal cords lesions, otorrhoea and oropharyngeal vegetant lesions. Objective: Describing the most frequent otorhinolaryngologic manifestations in common granulomatous diseases: hanseniasis, paracoccidioidomycosis, leishmaniasis. Method: A retrospective study has been carried out from records of patients diagnosed with the abovementioned diseases between January 1, 2005 and October 31, 2007 in an infectology ambulatory of a tertiary hospital. Results: 142 patients were evaluated; 93 with leishmaniasis, 39 with paracoccidioidomycosis and 10 with hanseniasis. In 93 cases of leishmaniasis, 16 (17.2%) had mucosal affection, and the most common signs were septum perforation and nasal mucosal ulcers, both with 8 cases. In paracoccidioidomycosis, oropharyngeal ulcer was the most frequent, with 15 cases (38,4%). Conclusion: Head and neck signs and symptoms are common in patients with leishmaniasis and paracoccidioidomycosis. Nasal manifestations prevail in leishmaniasis and oropharyngeal ones in paracoccidioidomycosis.