الملخص
Objective:To construct the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU),and to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in the noninvasive diagnosis of the bladder cancer model.Methods:Sixty femail SD rats were divided into experiment group (n=45)and control group (n=15).The rats experiment group were induced with MNU (2 mg per rat)by intravesical administration every other week,for 4 times.Meantime,the rats in control group were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL per rat)by intravesical administration.At the end of the 14th week,all rats were examined by MRI and the pathological changes of bladder tissue were detected.Results:In experiment group,43 rats were alived and 2 rats were died at the end of the 14th week;the survial rate was 95.6% and the death rate was 4.4%;the abnormal signals were found in each of 43 rats by MRI which manifested as bladder tumor, and the same results were identified by pathology;the tumor formation rate was 100%.In control group,14 rats were alived and 1 rat was died at the end of the 14th week;the survival rate was 93.3%,and the death rate was 6.7%;there was no abnormal signal in the MRI examination and no bladder cancer in the pathological examination;the tumor formation rate was 0.The tumor formation rates of bladder cancer of the rats in two groups had significant difference (P 0.05).Conclusion:The method to establish the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by MNU is simple and reliable;the results of MRI are consistent with the pathological results and MRI examination is a reliable diagnostic method concerning this model.
الملخص
Objective:To explore the expressions of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)and its synthases cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE)in the cell lines of normal bladder and bladder cancer,and to clarify their mechanism in the development of bladder cancer.Methods:The bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3,EJ)and human bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were selected.The expressions of CBS and CSE in bladder cancer and normal cell lines were analyzed by Western blotting assay and the productivities of H2 S in cell lines were detected by sensitive sulphur electrode assay.The EJ cells were selected based on the previous experimental results and divided into groups as follows:① 10 μmol· L-1 NaHS group, 50 μmol·L-1 NaHS group,100 μmol·L-1 NaHS group and control group.After drug treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h.② 5 μg·L-1 cisplatin group,cisplatin (5 μg·L-1 )+ NaHS (100 μmol·L-1 )group and control group.After medicine treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay and the cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h. Results:Compared with the normal bladder cells (SV-HUC-1),the expression levels of CBS and CSE and the productivity of H2 S in the bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3 and EJ)were increased obviously (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Compared with control group,exogenous H2 S promoted the cell proliferation of EJ cells.The cell survival rates were increased with the increase of drug dose (P <0.05),which showed a dose-dependent effect.The cell survival rates were increased with the prolongation of time (P <0.05),which showed a time-dependent effect.After medicine treatment,compared with cisplatin group,the cell viability in cisplatin+NaHS group was increased (P <0.05)and the apoptotic rate was decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous H2 S and its synthases CBS and CSE have an increased expression level in bladder cancer cell lines compared with the normal bladder cells.H2 S can enhance the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and decrease the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.
الملخص
Objective To develop an ideal substitution material for bladder defect ,which can reduce serious complications of urinary intestinal diversion ,we establish experimental rabbit model of reconstruction the new bladder by ileal seromuscular with transplantation of autologous peritoneum .This animal research provides the basical ground for the experimental model and further clinical application of replacement bladder .Methods Randomly ,seven experimental female rabbits were chosen ,and their body weight was 4 .0-5 .0 kg .By intravenous anesthesia ,the bladder substitute operation was carried out (to transplant the peritoneum to an ileum segment which mucosa had been removed .These flaps were used to mend and reconstruct the bladder by composite cys‐toplasty) .Animals were euthanized at 4 ,8 weeks for routine pathology and immunohistochemistry .Results Seven rabbits under‐went reconstruction ,but three were lost to complications .The length of ileum was 4 .0 cm ,and the area of substitute peritoneum was 4 .0 cm × 2 .5 cm .Voiding behaviour was normal ,and urine was clear in the remainder .At autopsy ,reconstructed bladders were healthy .Pathological examination showed that the technique was successful in creating seromuscular segments with no epithelial remnants .When applied surgically ,the seromuscular flaps with peritoneum survived at 4 weeks and the peritoneum was substituted by transitional epithelium at 8 weeks .Conclusion In this experimental rabbit model ,reconstruction bladder by autologous peritone‐um and seromuscular segment is an ideal approach for which can prevent regrowth by ileal epithelial cells and overcome the compli‐cations of conventional enterocystoplasty .Voiding behaviour is normal in the remainder .This animal study provides the basical ground for the large experimental model and further clinical application of the new enterocysplasty .
الملخص
Objective To review the clinical manifestation,pathological characteristics,treatment and prognosis of borderline phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Methods A case of borderline phyllodes tumor of the Prostate was reported and relative literature was reviewed. Results A 32-year-old man was admided to hospital with a history of aggravated dysuria 2 weeks and urinary retchtion one day. The enlarged prostate was palpated softly and smoothly by DRE.The serum PSA was 20.62 ng/ml.Transrectal ultrasonography and MRI revealed a well-demarcated poly-cystiform tumor which compressed the right lobe of the prostate to flattening.The diagnosis of benign stroma tumor which was not differentiated maturity obtained after transrectal sextant needle biopsy,and the transvesical enucleation was performed under epidural anesthesia.The tumor was histologically diagnosed as borderline phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Microscopic examination showed the tumor was composed of epithelial and stroma cells.The stroma cells proliferated obviously with atypia and mitosis,and the epithelial cells propagated without atypia.Immunohistochemical staining was performed.Vimentin was typically positive,PSA and PAP was positive,and SMA was negative.Forty days after the enucleation,the tumor recurrenced then radical prostatectomy was performed.The diagnosis of low potential malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate was made.The tumor was limited in tegument and the cross-section of urethra was infiltrated.The patient received external radiation to the whole pelvis(66 Gy)1 month postoperatively.At 6 months'follow up,the patient was asymptomatae. Conelusions The right diagnosis can not be obtained by needle biopsy because hyperptastic epithelial cells can not get and the recurrences of phyllodes tumor increase malignant potential.Radical prostatectomy is the most reliable method of treatment at present.