الملخص
Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.
الملخص
Walking downstairs and running are common actions in daily life;however,older adults with functional decline are prone to falls or injuries.To cope with various situations and avoid falls,the first neuroprotective motor mechanism activated by the body is the regulation of lower limb stiffness.Hence,this study retrieved and collected relevant research results from databases such as China Knowledge,Wanfang,Google Scholar,and Web of Science,using key words such as elderly and lower limb stiffness,and summarized the similarities and differences in changes in lower limb stiffness in different action tasks.The findings show that interventions on controllable factors can improve changes in lower limb stiffness to prevent falls in older adults.However,owing to the small number of related studies,it is necessary to further investigate the effects of action interventions on lower limb stiffness in older adults to obtain reliable regularity features and references.
الملخص
Objective:To explore the radiation dose of brachytherapy plan for cervical cancer patients under different image-guided method and the time efficiency characteristics of each part of the clinical workflow, so as to provide reference for the overall arrangement of clinical brachytherapy.Methods:The workflow of 223 patients with brachytherapy was retrospectively analyzed. The whole workflow was divided into 5 parts: applicator placement, image acquisition, delineation of target and organs at risk, plan design and review, and treatment implementation. The image-guided brachytherapy was divided into X-ray guided 2D treatment groups, and computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided 3D treatment groups. The radiation dose and the time spent in each part of the three image-guided brachytherapy workflow were calculated. The radiation dose was evaluated using total reference air kerma (TRAK). The results were analyzed using the nonparametric test of SPSS 20 software.Results:TRAK 4.2(4.4, 3.9) cGy was significantly higher in X-ray guided 2D treatment group than in the CT guided 3D treatment group [3.5(3.9, 2.7) cGy, H =90.73, P < 0.01] and the MRI guided 3D treatment group[2.7(2.9, 2.4) cGy, H =90.73, P < 0.01]. The total workflow time of the X-Ray film guidance group was the shortest [55.0(67.0, 50.0) min], followed by the CT guidance group [80.0(91.0, 72.0) min], and the total workflow time of the MRI image guidance group was the longest [119.0(143.0, 105.5) min, H =106.39, P <0.01]. The image acquisition time of the MRI-guided group was significantly higher than that of the X-ray film guidance group and the CT-guided group ( H =44.80, P<0.01). The time of target delineation in the MRI-guided group was significantly longer than that in the CT-guided group ( Z=-5.10, P<0.01). The MRI-guided group took the longest time for planning, followed by the CT-guided group, and the X-ray guided group took the shortest time ( H =57.93, P<0.01). Conclusions:The 2D brachytherapy mode guided by X-ray film had the shortest process time but higher TRAK, while the 3D brachytherapy mode guided by MR had the longest process time, and the planned TRAK result were comparable to those guided by CT. When multiple patients are treated with brachytherapy at the same time, the work efficiency can be improved by interspersing different phases and the waiting time can be avoided.
الملخص
ObjectiveTo establish and evaluate a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model with lung-spleen qi deficiency. MethodA rat model mimicking COPD with lung-spleen qi deficiency was established by the combination of cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) along with gavage of Sennae Folium infusion. Forty male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned to blank, model, and low- (L-FXY), medium- (M-FXY), and high-dose (H-FXY) Sennae Folium infusion groups. Other groups except the blank group were exposed to daily cigarette smoke, with LPS administrated via intratracheal instillation on the 1st and 14th days. On the 28th day of modeling, the L-FXY, M-FXY, and H-FXY groups were administrated with Sennae Folium infusion at 5, 10, and 20 g·kg-1, respectively, and at 4 ℃ for three weeks. The modeling lasted for 49 days. The general conditions (body mass, food intake, fecal water content, and anal temperature) and behaviors (grip strength test and tail suspension test) of rats in different groups were examined. The lung function, lung histopathology, D-xylose, amylase, and gastrin levels in the serum, interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in the alveolar lavage fluid, levels of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+) in the peripheral blood, and thymus and spleen indices were measured. ResultTwo rats died in the H-FXY group. Compared with the blank group, both the M-FXY and H-FXY groups exhibited reduced body mass and food intake (P<0.01) and increased fecal water content (P<0.01). The anal temperature in the H-FXY group was lower than that in the blank group (P<0.01). The grip strength decreased in the modeling groups compared with the blank group (P<0.01), and the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test increased in the M-FXY and H-FXY groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the modeling groups showed reduced 0.3 second forced expiratory volume (FEV0.3), FEV0.3/forced vital capacity (FVC)(P<0.01), thickening of bronchial walls, proliferation of goblet cells, and the presence of emphysematous changes. In terms of gastrointestinal function, the M-FXY and H-FXY groups had lower levels of D-xylose, gastrin, and α-amylase than the blank group (P<0.01). Regarding the immune and inflammatory indices, the M-FXY and H-FXY groups showed lower thymus and spleen indices than the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the modeling groups presented lowered CD4+ level (P<0.01) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the peripheral blood and elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the alveolar lavage fluid (P<0.01) than the blank group. ConclusionA model of COPD with lung-spleen Qi deficiency was established through the combination of daily cigarette smoke, intratracheal instillation with LPS, and gavage of Sennae Folium infusion. The comprehensive evaluation results suggested medium-dose (10 g·kg-1) Sennae Folium infusion for gavage during the modeling of COPD with lung-spleen Qi deficiency.
الملخص
Wearable physiological parameter monitoring devices play an increasingly important role in daily health monitoring and disease diagnosis/treatment due to their continuous dynamic and low physiological/psychological load characteristics. After decades of development, wearable technologies have gradually matured, and research has expanded to clinical applications. This paper reviews the research progress of wearable physiological parameter monitoring technology and its clinical applications. Firstly, it introduces wearable physiological monitoring technology's research progress in terms of sensing technology and data processing and analysis. Then, it analyzes the monitoring physiological parameters and principles of current medical-grade wearable devices and proposes three specific directions of clinical application research: 1) real-time monitoring and predictive warning, 2) disease assessment and differential diagnosis, and 3) rehabilitation training and precision medicine. Finally, the challenges and response strategies of wearable physiological monitoring technology in the biomedical field are discussed, highlighting its clinical application value and clinical application mode to provide helpful reference information for the research of wearable technology-related fields.
الموضوعات
Monitoring, Physiologic , Wearable Electronic Devicesالملخص
As a low-load physiological monitoring technology, wearable devices can provide new methods for monitoring, evaluating and managing chronic diseases, which is a direction for the future development of monitoring technology. However, as a new type of monitoring technology, its clinical application mode and value are still unclear and need to be further explored. In this study, a central monitoring system based on wearable devices was built in the general ward (non-ICU ward) of PLA General Hospital, the value points of clinical application of wearable physiological monitoring technology were analyzed, and the system was combined with the treatment process and applied to clinical monitoring. The system is able to effectively collect data such as electrocardiogram, respiration, blood oxygen, pulse rate, and body position/movement to achieve real-time monitoring, prediction and early warning, and condition assessment. And since its operation from March 2018, 1 268 people (657 patients) have undergone wearable continuous physiological monitoring until January 2020, with data from a total of 1 198 people (632 cases) screened for signals through signal quality algorithms and manual interpretation were available for analysis, accounting for 94.48 % (96.19%) of the total. Through continuous physiological data analysis and manual correction, sleep apnea event, nocturnal hypoxemia, tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats were detected in 232 (36.65%), 58 (9.16%), 30 (4.74%), and 42 (6.64%) of the total patients, while the number of these abnormal events recorded in the archives was 4 (0.63%), 0 (0.00%), 24 (3.80%), and 15 (2.37%) cases. The statistical analysis of sleep apnea event outcomes revealed that patients with chronic diseases were more likely to have sleep apnea events than healthy individuals, and the incidence was higher in men (62.93%) than in women (37.07%). The results indicate that wearable physiological monitoring technology can provide a new monitoring mode for inpatients, capturing more abnormal events and provide richer information for clinical diagnosis and treatment through continuous physiological parameter analysis, and can be effectively integrated into existing medical processes. We will continue to explore the applicability of this new monitoring mode in different clinical scenarios to further enrich the clinical application of wearable technology and provide richer tools and methods for the monitoring, evaluation and management of chronic diseases.
الموضوعات
Humans , Heart Rate , Monitoring, Physiologic , Movement , Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Wearable Electronic Devicesالملخص
This paper aims to study the accuracy of cardiopulmonary physiological parameters measurement under different exercise intensity in the accompanying (wearable) physiological parameter monitoring system. SensEcho, an accompanying physiological parameter monitoring system, and CORTEX METALYZER 3B, a cardiopulmonary function testing system, were used to simultaneously collect the cardiopulmonary physiological parameters of 28 healthy volunteers (17 males and 11 females) in various exercise states, such as standing, lying down and Bruce treadmill exercise. Bland-Altman analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, from the perspective of group and individual, were used to contrast and analyze the two types of equipment to measure parameters of heart rate and breathing rate. The results of group analysis showed that the heart rate and respiratory rate data box charts collected by the two devices were highly consistent. The heart rate difference was (-0.407 ± 3.380) times/min, and the respiratory rate difference was (-0.560 ± 7.047) times/min. The difference was very small. The Bland-Altman plot of the heart rate and respiratory rate in each experimental stage showed that the proportion of mean ± 2SD was 96.86% and 95.29%, respectively. The results of individual analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the whole-process heart rate and respiratory rate data were all greater than 0.9. In conclusion, SensEcho, as an accompanying physiological parameter monitoring system, can accurately measure the human heart rate, respiration rate and other key cardiopulmonary physiological parameters under various sports conditions. It can maintain good stability under various sports conditions and meet the requirements of continuous physiological signal collection and analysis application under sports conditions.