Awareness and knowledge of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the community of Al-Khobar city

The history of resuscitation going back thousands of years has been reported in literature throughout history. This concept has undergone several decisive revolutionary changes particularly in pediatrics. Although the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation [CPR] is relatively new in pediatrics, progress has been remarkable in the last a few decades. As it becomes more popular, especially under the influence of globalizing media, CPR also becomes a life requirement that is not restricted to health professionals. This was a cross-sectional community-based survey of 753 individuals of both sexes, visiting the first Pediatric Health Awareness Week held at Dammam University Hospital in April 2013. Data were collected by a personal face-to-face interview during which a short history was taken and a check list of sociodemographic data and questions related to infants' CPR was completed. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS. The study was carried out on 753 subjects [602 Saudis, 151 non-Saudis, 483 females, and 270 males]. The mean age of participants was 33.3 +/- 10.9 years. The postsecondary school level of education was 37.5% among females versus 21.9% among males. Of the participants, 80.8% of the females and 86.5% of males were totally unaware of CPR. The mean number of children among participants was 3.5 +/- 2.5 children. There were 150 participants [19.9%] with disabled children; 32% of them [6.4% of all participants] were completely unaware of CPR despite having disabled children. Overall, 15.5% of all female participants had attended some CPR course [s] compared with 6.1% of the males; 18.7% of the females had watched CPR program [s]/video [s] on TV or online compared to 11.1% of the males, and 59.4% of the females were willing and eager to participate in any CPR course compared with 29.3% of the males. The reasons for not wanting to attend CPR courses were as follows: 48.6% indicated that it was because of the unavailability of such courses, 41.4% said because of time constraints, and 10% gave financial reasons. Finally, the study showed that 365 females [84.3%] and 247 males [91.2%] did not know when to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and/or chest compression, and would do it for the wrong reasons. Public awareness and knowledge on CPR was inadequate even among the younger population, and among parents with disabled children. The general public were willing to improve their knowledge and skills of CPR. We recommend that CPR courses/campaigns should be provided to the public and be included in high school curricula

Epidemiology and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a tertiary care university hospital: 10 years' experience

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH] is a major birth defect, which continues to be associated with significant rate of morbidity and mortality. CDH-local studies are limited. The objective of this article is to determine the epidemiology and demographics of CDH; and if the introduction of nitric oxide has influenced the outcome

Materials and Methods: A retrospective 10-year medical records review of neonates with CDH admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] of a tertiary care hospital

Results: A total of 29 infants had been admitted to the NICU with CDH between January 2001 and December 2010. The mean gestational age was 38.58 +/- 2.6 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2821 +/- 682 g. The incidence of CDH among the inborn infants was 1/250 live births [P < 0.05] and the overall male to female ratio was 0.7. Of the 12 infants [41%] were inborn and 17 [59%] were referred from other centers. Out of the 29 infants, 23 [79%] were Saudis; the same figure was true for the vaginal deliveries and those born at term. Only 10 infants [34%] were diagnosed antenatally. The mean Apgar scores were 5 and 7 at the 1[st] and 5[th] min respectively. Two infants [7%] had right-sided defect against 27 [93%] who had it left-sided. Moreover, 18 infants had survived and were discharged home, with an overall mortality rate of 38% [compared with 45% before introducing inhaled nitric oxide [iNO]], P > 0.05

Conclusion: The incidence of CDH was found much higher than the reported cases in literature; and although the mortality rate has improved after the introduction of iNO, the difference was not statistically significant. Both interesting findings necessitate further studies

Discharge against medical advice from neonatal intensive care unit: 10 years experience at a university hospital

Discharging patients against medical advice is a problem of every age-group. However, because of their physiological vulnerability, the risk for the neonatal population is greater when discharged against medical advice [DAMA]. This article is a study of the prevalence of the problem, the possible causes and/or risk factors. A retrospective review of 10 years of medical records of neonates discharged against medical advice from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU] at a university hospital. The overall prevalence of DAMA was 1.6%. Most of the 51 infants who were taken out of hospital against medical advice [AMA] were term [72.5%] with a mean gestational age of 37.78 +/- 2.5 weeks, of normal birth weight, with a mean of 2736 +/- 661 g, Saudis [96%], those delivered vaginally [69%], and those that were provisionally diagnosed with transient tachypnea of newborn [TTN] and/or query sepsis [49%]. There was no difference between males and females [M/F = 1.2]. There was an association between DAMA and the timing of DAMA [27.5% of DAMA at weekends and 67% of DAMA from May to October]. DAMA of neonates is particularly critical. The causes and risk factors are many and difficult to predict. In addition to several other factors, its prevalence is influenced negatively by some socio-cultural beliefs

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a case report

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma [CMN] is a rare renal tumor. It can be detected antenatally especially with judicious use of ultrasonography. A premature female neonate 28 weeks' gestation, complicated by polyhydramnios, was born to a 28-year-old woman. An abdominal mass was detected antenatally. At the end of the first week of life, the newborn had hypertension that was controlled by hydralazine. Ultrasonography and CT scan showed a right-sided renal heterogeneous solid mass. Right nephrectomy was performed and the histology showed CMN