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Background@#As the medical knowledge base grows at an accelerating rate, evidence-based clinical performance becomesincreasingly important for providing quality care. Previous studies have highlighted the need to promote job crafting to actualize evidence-based practical skills in the medical field. This study aimed to investigate the degree of evidence-based practice among dental hygienists and assess the impact of job crafting on the evidence-based practical skills of dental hygienists. @*Methods@#Dental hygienists working at dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were surveyed betweenFebruary 28 and April 6, 2023. The sample was comprised of 267 participants. The hypotheses were tested independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses using SPSS 29.0. @*Results@#The degree of job crafting by dental hygienists demonstrated significant differences based on educational attainment,workplace size, and workplace type. Evidence-based practical skills exhibited significant variations based on educational attainment and job position. All job crafting subfactors demonstrated positive correlations with evidence-based practical skills. The job crafting subfactors affecting the evidence-based practical skills of dental hygienists were ‘increasing structural job resources’ and ‘increasing challenging job demands,’ which together explained 38.7% of the variance in evidence-based practical skills. @*Conclusion@#This study demonstrates that job crafting was positively and significantly correlated with evidence-based practicalskills. To strengthen the job crafting ability of dental hygienists, improving environmental conditions and fostering an organizational culture that motivates continued participation in education is necessary. The development and promotion of programs that enable learning of the latest evidence should be actively pursued. Additionally, regular attendance at workshops and participation in organizational evidence-based practice education programs are necessary.
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Background@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the tooth whitening effect of Listerine Healthy White and provide effective management of extrinsic discoloration by comparing the whitening effects of existing whitening products. @*Methods@#The included study four groups: those using whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, and Listerine Healthy White and a control using artificial saliva. Each group received 40 bovine tooth specimens, which were stained with commonly consumed tooth-coloring-inducing foods; black tea, black coffee, and instant noodles for 72 hours. The specimens were treated with tooth whitening materials for 5 weeks, after which the lightness (L*) was measured weekly using a spectrophotometer. @*Results@#There was a significant difference in lightness among the groups between the 1st and 5th week of treatment for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods (p＜0.05). When comparing the changes in lightness values from before whitening to the 5th week of whitening for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods, the order of change was as follows: whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, Listerine Healthy White, and artificial saliva. Listerine Healthy White showed a significant whitening effect for all toothcoloring-inducing foods (p＜0.05). Particularly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by black tea after 5 weeks of whitening were in the following order: whitening gel (21.72), whitening toothpaste (14.89), Listerine Healthy White (12.91), and artificial saliva (3.85). For specimens stained by black coffee, the changes in lightness values were in the following order: whitening gel (12.99), whitening toothpaste (9.66), Listerine Healthy White (7.91), and artificial saliva (3.12). Lastly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by instant noodles were as follows: whitening gel (10.84), whitening toothpaste (9.85), Listerine Healthy White (7.71), and artificial saliva (2.61). @*Conclusion@#Listerine Healthy White exhibits continuous whitening effects over time, and for consumers seeking convenient ways to achieve tooth whitening effects at home, consistent use of Listerine Healthy White is recommended.
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Background@#Swallowing function deterioration is a common problem experienced by older adults worldwide. Many studies have been conducted to improve swallowing function in older adults; however, due to differences in intervention methods and study designs, it is difficult to draw a common conclusion. This study aimed to analyze trends and intervention methods in studies of swallowing function intervention for older adults conducted from 2010 to 2022, to establish a systematic approach for developing interventions to improve swallowing function in older adults and to provide evidence for this approach. @*Methods@#Literature research was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2022 that applied to swallow function interventions to adults aged 60 years or older. Databases including PubMed, Medline, RISS, Science On, KISS, and KCI were used. From a total of 1,164 articles searched using keywords, 20 articles were selected for final analysis. @*Results@#The number of published articles steadily increased over time, and the intervention period was most commonly 6 or 8 weeks. The types of interventions included focused exercises to improve oral muscle strength in 12 articles and programs incorporating education, practice, and expert management in 8 articles. Among the focused exercises, tongue-strengthening exercises were most common in 4 articles. The evaluation variables for intervention effects were muscle strength evaluation, oral function evaluation, quality of life, and oral health and hygiene status. Muscle strength and oral function evaluations were statistically significant in focused exercise interventions, while the quality of life and oral health and hygiene status was significant in program interventions. @*Conclusion@#This literature review is meaningful as a study that can be used to select the intervention period and program contents when planning an elderly swallowing intervention program.
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Background@#Recently, a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler based on a feedback control mechanism was introduced for pain relief. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a new ultrasonic scaler in reducing pain and discomfort in adults. @*Methods@#A newly introduced ultrasonic scaler (Master 700Ⓡ ) was used as the test device and a conventional ultrasonic scaler device (PIEZONⓇ ) was used as the control device. Forty-one healthy adults visited the dental clinic for dental scaling but did not undergo scaling or periodontal treatment within 6 months. Intraoral examinations were performed before scaling and 3 months later; before scaling, both devices were randomly assigned on the left or right side of each dentition (split-mouth model) and scaling was performed by a registered dental hygienist. The levels of pain and discomfort during scaling were evaluated subjectively and objectively using the visual analog scale (VAS) and physiological monitoring of the heart rate (HR), respectively.Time was measured for each device. @*Results@#All clinical indicators, except bleeding on probing, significantly improved with both devices. The treatment times were 7 minutes, 13 minutes (control) and 6 minutes, 59 minutes (test). VAS scores for pain were 4.89±2.12 (control) and 4.58±2.77 (test) points out of 10; for noise, these were 4.68±2.33 (control) and 4.55±2.55 (test), and for vibration, the values were 4.26±2.0 (control) and 4.18±2.48 (test). HR averages were 72.34±3.39 (control) and 75.97±9.78 (test) beats/min. No statistically significant differences were observed between the devices. @*Conclusion@#The pain, discomfort levels, and scaling time of the new piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler did not differ from those of the conventional device. Further research and development are necessary for more prominent pain-relief effects of scaling devices.
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Background@#As a restorative material used to treat dental caries, the light-curing type resin is widely used, but it has the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage. The Bulk-Fill composite resin was developed to solve these shortcomings, but the existing research mainly focused on comparing the physical properties of a composite resin and a Bulk-Fill resin. A study on the light curing time and distance of the Bulk-Fill resin itself tend to be lacking. @*Methods@#This study compares the surface microhardness of specimens prepared by varying the light curing time and distance of smart dentin replacement (SDR) as a flowable Bulk-Fill resin and Tetric N-ceram as a packable Bulk-Fill resin, and confirms the polymerization time and distance that becomes the optimum hardness. To determine the hardness of the specimen, it was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number (Matsuzawa MMT-X, Japan). @*Results@#In SDR, the surface microhardness decreased as the distance increased in all time groups in the change distance from the curing tip. In the change of light curing time with respect to the distance from curing tip, the surface microhardness increased as the time increased. In Tetric N-ceram, the surface microharness showed no significant difference in the change of the distance of curing tip in the group of 20 and 60 second. But in the group of 10 and 40 seconds, decreased as the distance increased. The surface microharness increased as the light curing time increased in all distance groups. @*Conclusion@#When using SDR and Tetric N-ceram in clinical practice, it is considered that as the distance from the polymerization reactor tip increases, a longer light curing time than the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer is required.
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Background@#This study aimed to determine the effect of ramen sauce on tooth tone changes over time, after selecting three different ramen colors from the ramens sold in the market, and applying the sauce to bovine teeth. @*Methods@#Healthy bovine teeth were selected, and cutting discs were used to produce 60 specimens (5×5×3 mm), with 15 specimens distributed per county. Three types of ramen (buldak, chacharoni black bean sauce, and ottogi curry noodle) were used as the experimental group, and water was used as the negative control group. Tooth tone measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer (CM-700d) to measure the color before and after 1 (3 h 44 min), 2 (7 h 28 min), 3 (11 h 12 min), and 4 weeks (14 h 56 min). Analysis of the color tone change was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28. @*Results@#In the experimental group, there was a significant color tone change before and after immersion. L* indicated the largest change in black bean sauce ramen, a* indicated buldak ramen, and b* indicated the largest change in curry ramen. The amount of color change (ΔE*) was the largest in curry ramen, followed by buldak and black bean sauce ramens. The results of the post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between all groups except buldak and black bean sauce ramens. @*Conclusion@#All three types of ramen revealed significant color change before and after immersion, and curry ramen showed the largest amount of color change among them.
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Background@#Self-leadership, an action strategy that can maximize individual capabilities, can affect the organizational commitment of dental hygienists and ultimately improve the quality of medical services. This study aims to demonstrate the need for self-leadership and organizational commitment for dental hygienists and develop measures to improve the quality of medical services. @*Methods@#An online survey of dental hygienists working at dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea was conducted from March 28 to May 1, 2022. A total of 341 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The measurement tools were modified and supplemented based on the theories and models developed by Manz for self-leadership, Mowday for organizational commitment, and Cronin and Taylor for medical services. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA, simple regression, and multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. @*Results@#In leadership education, self-leadership is based on participation experience, the number of participants, and when and where it is received. Organizational commitment comes from participation experience, and the quality of medical services has been found to affect participation experience and location. Self-leadership had an effect on the quality of medical services (β=0.497, t=10.551, p＜0.001; β =0.599, t=13.783, p＜0.001; β=0.353, t=7.601, p＜0.001) and organizational commitment was found to have a mediating effect. @*Conclusion@#Dental hygienists’ self-leadership has a positive effect on the quality of medical services through the formation of appropriate interrelationships within the organization. Therefore, self-leadership programs should be developed, participated in, and promoted to improve the self-leadership of dental hygienists. Moreover, hospitals should improve their environment to provide and improve self-leadership education.
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Background@#This study analyzed the practice of dental medical dispute prevention rules of dental hygienists to present an improvement plan for improving perceived importance and practice and provide data for the development of effective medical dispute prevention programs. @*Methods@#A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted targeting dental hygienists who were providing assistance at dental hospitals and dental clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do regions from March 22 to April 28, 2022. The questionnaire collected from 273 dental hygienists consisted of eight questions on general characteristics, 30 questions on medical dispute experience, and 14 questions on medical dispute prevention. @*Results@#Complaints showed a high experience rate in ‘Consultation & reservation’, medical disputes in ‘Patient handling (unkind) related’, and ‘Prosthesis installation and cement removal’. In both the importance and practice of medical dispute prevention rules, Preservation of medical records and other medical-related data’ was high, and ‘Management of patients on standby for a long time’was low in terms of practice. ‘Lack of time’ and ‘Lack of manpower’ were cited as reasons for not resolving dental treatment disputes. The importance of dental dispute prevention rules was found to be significant according to age and position, and it was also found to affect the level of practice. @*Conclusion@#Seventy-six-point six percent of the respondents said that education on the prevention of medical disputes was necessary, although they lacked recognition of prevention rules compared to their perceptions and experiences. This study suggested specifying prevention rules in dental hygiene subjects and expanding education, improvement of dental treatment system, revise the law on the range of work to improve the recognition and practice of prevention rules.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and chewing discomfort and identify the role of food insecurity in the association's causal pathway in a representative sample of Korean elders.MATERIALS/METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2015) data for elders aged ≥ 65 years.Socioeconomic status indicators used included household income and education level.Chewing discomfort was assessed according to the self-reported presence of chewing problems. Food security was surveyed using a questionnaire based on the US Household Food Security Survey Module. @*RESULTS@#The odds ratios of chewing discomfort in the 1st and 2nd income quartiles were 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.10) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.03–1.90), respectively, compared to participants in the highest income quartile. Participants with the lowest education level were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.30–2.75) times more likely to have chewing discomfort than those without chewing discomfort. After including food security in the final model, the logistic coefficients were attenuated in the income and education quartiles. @*CONCLUSIONS@#Low socioeconomic status was associated with chewing discomfort. In addition, the results confirm that food insecurity can mediate the association between socioeconomic inequalities and chewing discomfort among the elderly.
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Background@#This study aimed to investigate the effect of selecting commercially available blending teas and applying them to bovine teeth on color change over time. @*Methods@#After selecting healthy bovine teeth, using a cutting-disc, 105 specimens with a dimension of 5×5×3 mm were prepared, and 15 specimens were distributed to each group. Black tea was used as a positive control, water was used as a negative control, and blended tea of five types was used as an experimental group. First, pH and buffering capacity were measured with a pH meter, and tooth color was determined using a spectrophotometer before immersion in the blending tea solution and 1, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after immersion. Thereafter, the shape change of the enamel surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and SPSS ver.26 was used to analyze the color change. @*Results@#The average pH of the five blending teas in the experimental group was 3.78, and the pH of group 3 (strawberry rhubarb) was the lowest at 3.22. The pH levels of black tea and water were 5.19 and 7.30, respectively. The buffering capacity was the highest in group 3 at both pH levels of 5.5 and 7.0. The L*a*b* color change according to immersion time was the largest in group 4 (rooibos yellow flower), and the amount of color change was large in black tea and group 4. As a result of observing the enamel surface of bovine teeth, changes in the surface shape were noted in all groups immersed in the experimental solution for 21 days, except for water. @*Conclusion@#There was a significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of color change according to the immersion time, and color and enamel surface changes were observed in black tea and all experimental groups, except for water.
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Background@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of liquefied digestive medicines on the composite resin surface. @*Methods@#Three types of liquefied digestive medicines (Gashwalmyeongsu, Wicheongsu, and Saengrokcheon) were selected as experimental groups, Samdasoo and Chamisul as negative controls, and Trevi as positive controls were selected to measure pH and titratable acidity. The samples filled with resin at acrylic were made total 300, 50 per group. To evaluate the erosion risk of the composite resin, the specimens were immersed in a liquefied medicine for 1, 3, 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and then the surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number, and the surface change was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). @*Results@#The average pH of the three liquefied medicine was 3.75±0.30, the Saengrokcheon was the lowest at 3.45±0.01, and the Trevi was 4.66 and Samdasoo and Chamisul were 7.40 and 8.58, respectively. The amount of NaOH reaching pH 5.5 and 7.0 was the lowest in the order of Trevi, Gashwalmyeongsu, Wicheongsu, and Saengrokcheon. The largest surface hardness reduction value was shown in Gashwalmyeongsu (−11.85±3.73), followed by Saengrokcheon (−9.79±3.11) and Wicheongsu (−8.28±2.83), and Samdasoo (−0.84±1.56) and Chamisul (−6.24±0.42) had relatively low surface hardness reduction values. However, Trevi (−16.67±5.41), a positive control group containing carbonic acid, showed a higher decrease in surface hardness than the experimental group. As a result of observation with SEM, experimental group and positive control group, showed rough surfaces and irregular cracks, and negative control groups showed smooth patterns similar to before immersion. @*Conclusion@#The liquefied digestive medicine with low pH could weaken the composite resin surface, and the carbonic acid component could more effect on the physical properties of the composite resin than pH.
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Background@#The elderly have, a higher disease morbidity than other age groups due to a decrease in resistance to the diseaseand have complex diseases, so care should be taken. Accordingly, it is considered important to provide information for improving the health of the elderly. Health information plays an important role in individual health promotion and education, so the degree of exposure to information about oral health of the elderly is expected to have a significant impact on understanding and acquiring information on oral content videos on the importance, prevention, and management of oral health of the elderly in the future. @*Methods@#This study analyzed video content related to oral diseases of the elderly in a total of 150 videos uploaded on YouTubefrom January 1, 2012 to May 13, 2021, using a total of three books of dental hygiene for the elderly. @*Results@#Forty-nine broadcasters accounted for the most of this information. Among the information providers, there were twodental hygienists. They accounted for 1.3% of all the information providers. The highest number of dental hygienists who broadcasted information was 42 in 2019. The average number of views was 37,303 periodontal diseases, the highest. Among the videos, dry mouth was the most common with 34 oral diseases. @*Conclusion@#The number of images for each disease varies, so it seems that information should be provided in various ways. Dentalhygienists should widely improve oral health knowledge by providing various dental hygiene management images for each oral disease to improve the oral health of the general public. In addition, based on the information of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, the development and provision of content should be actively carried out so that people can obtain the information they desire.
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Background/Aims@#Because gastrointestinal tract is not sterile, primary culture has contamination risk despite of massive washing with antimicrobial media. Microbial contamination can play a key role in initial failure during biopsy-derived primary tumor culture. @*Methods@#Tumor tissue was acquired from esophageal and gastric tumors using endoscopic biopsy. Three-dimensional cultures were performed, and separated spheroids were cultured in media for 7 to 10 days and then transferred to Matrigel (Corning Inc.). We investigated risk factors and patterns of initial fungal contamination. @*Results@#Initial tumor contamination was observed in 23% (7/30) of esophageal cancer and 20% (3/15) of gastric cancer samples. Two cases of bacterial contamination occurred during the establishment of culture protocol. Moderate to thick whitish plaques (p < 0.001) and food retention in lumen (p < 0.001) were risk factors for initial fungal contamination. After exclusion of high risk patients for contamination, no fungal contamination occurred in primary organoid cultures. Fungal contamination was usually detected within 3 days after tumor preparation. However, unusual fungal contamination (GC11 and EC29) was recognized after several passages. Growing spherical shapes resembled cancer organoids. Although they rapidly proliferated and multiple daughter spheroids appeared, the media were translucent. After several passages, yeasts and pseudohyphae were detected on the edges of the solid spherical structures and media. @*Conclusions@#Moderate to thick whitish plaques and food retention are clinical risk factors for initial fungal contamination during biopsy-derived cancer organoid culture. Most initial fungal contamination was detected within 3 days, but it could be unusually recognized after several passages.
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Background/Aims@#Because gastrointestinal tract is not sterile, primary culture has contamination risk despite of massive washing with antimicrobial media. Microbial contamination can play a key role in initial failure during biopsy-derived primary tumor culture. @*Methods@#Tumor tissue was acquired from esophageal and gastric tumors using endoscopic biopsy. Three-dimensional cultures were performed, and separated spheroids were cultured in media for 7 to 10 days and then transferred to Matrigel (Corning Inc.). We investigated risk factors and patterns of initial fungal contamination. @*Results@#Initial tumor contamination was observed in 23% (7/30) of esophageal cancer and 20% (3/15) of gastric cancer samples. Two cases of bacterial contamination occurred during the establishment of culture protocol. Moderate to thick whitish plaques (p < 0.001) and food retention in lumen (p < 0.001) were risk factors for initial fungal contamination. After exclusion of high risk patients for contamination, no fungal contamination occurred in primary organoid cultures. Fungal contamination was usually detected within 3 days after tumor preparation. However, unusual fungal contamination (GC11 and EC29) was recognized after several passages. Growing spherical shapes resembled cancer organoids. Although they rapidly proliferated and multiple daughter spheroids appeared, the media were translucent. After several passages, yeasts and pseudohyphae were detected on the edges of the solid spherical structures and media. @*Conclusions@#Moderate to thick whitish plaques and food retention are clinical risk factors for initial fungal contamination during biopsy-derived cancer organoid culture. Most initial fungal contamination was detected within 3 days, but it could be unusually recognized after several passages.
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Background@#Various oral health management programs in Korea affect the oral health improvement in the elderly Several studies have been conducted to date; however, those studies have not shown uniform results due to the differences in research methods or designs. Hence, this study aimed to review the overall research trends of the reported oral health care programs for the elderly in Korea, verify their effects, and clarify them based on the systematic literature review. @*Methods@#The literature search selected intervention studies that applied the oral health care program for the elderly in Korea from 2001 to 2020. Following the COre, Standard, and Ideal (COSI) models presented by the US National Library of Medicine, we selected databases including Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceOn, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DBpia, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Of the 1,335 studies searched using keywords, titles, and abstracts, 21 were finally selected based on primary and secondary exclusion criteria. @*Results@#The most frequent intervention period was 4 weeks, and the number of interventions varied between 2 and 90 times. As for the type of intervention, 14 studies that conducted both theory and practice were the most frequent. Significant differences in the clinical indicators, such as calculus, halitosis, salivation rate, swallowing function, and dry mouth, were found in most oral health care programs. @*Conclusion@#Based on the results of this study, the intervention program needs further verification using multiple indicators in future studies. In addition, a study extending the intervention period and the number of samples is considered necessary for verifying continuous effectiveness of the intervention program.
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Background@#This study was conducted to identify the level of gender sensitivity and gender equality consciousness among dental hygiene students and to confirm the necessity of gender equality programs in the curriculum. @*Methods@#A self-report questionnaire was conducted with some dental hygiene students using the Gender Sensitivity tool and Korean Gender Egalitarianism Scale for Adolescents (KGES-A). @*Results@#First, the gender equality consciousness of the students who took women’s studies was high in the areas of educational life and socio-cultural life, and that of the subjects of grandparent families and Catholic was found to be high in the domestic life area. Second, the gender sensitivity of the subjects who took women’s studies was found to be high in all sub-areas. In addition, the gender sensitivity of females was higher in the areas of sexual identity, non-violence, and self-reflection than that of males. That of 4-year college students was higher in the areas of sexual identity, openness to gender roles, and non-violence than that of 3-year college students. In addition, the gender sensitivity of Catholic students was high in the areas of sexual identity and openness to gender roles. Third, gender equality consciousness was found to have an effect depending on whether subjects took women’s studies, family type, family type, and religion, and gender sensitivity was found to have an effect depending on whether subjects took women’s studies or gender. @*Conclusion@#Since dental hygienist is a profession that targets humans, education that can instill equal awareness and values of humans is important. To inspire gender sensitivity and gender equality consciousness in a prospective professional, it is necessary to conduct programs and education related to gender intelligence within dental hygiene curriculum.
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Background@#To identify work–family balance and level of happiness among married women dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The goal of this study is to use the outcome as basic data to determine the compatibility of dental hygienists with work and family, systems, and improvement of happiness levels. @*Methods@#From July 3 to August 10, 2020, 250 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were targeted. The questionnaire comprised 65 questions, including general characteristics (perception of work–family balance, perception of work–family balance system, job satisfaction, parenting type, happiness level) whether or not they were implemented. The results were obtained through a self-control questionnaire. @*Results@#The perception of work–family balance was significantly different in job rank and average income, while that of the work– family balance system had significant differences in workplace type, total work experience, current job work experience, childcare system status, and parental leave period. Happiness level and job satisfaction were significantly different in job rank, average income, and childcare system status. Additionally, the perception of work–family balance and that of the work–family balance system showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction and happiness level. Finally, the perception of married women dental hygienists toward work–family compatibility was determined, where the higher the satisfaction with the job, the higher the level of happiness. @*Conclusion@#To improve the work–family balance and job satisfaction of dental hygienists and their levels of happiness, changes in social perception and improvement of the working environment such as proper staffing, flexible work systems, and incentive systems should be considered.
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Purpose@#Intensive IV insulin infusion therapy has been applied widely to critically ill patients. However, IV insulin protocols are complex, and require repeated calculations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of a computerized insulin infusion (CII) protocol to replace manual insulin infusion protocols, for glucose control in critically ill patients. @*Methods@#This was an observational study (September 2016 to January 2017) of 43 patients in ICU whose blood glucose level was between 140-180 mg/mL and could not be controlled by the conventional manual insulin protocol. The CII protocol was integrated in to the electronic medical record order system, and automatically calculated the insulin infusion dose and blood sugar test (BST) interval. BSTs were taken 48 hours pre- and post-initiation of the CII protocol. The proportion of BSTs in the normal (70-180 mg/mL), hypoglycemic (70 mg/mL), and severe hyperglycemic (> 250 mg/mL) range were recorded. @*Results@#The mean number of BSTs performed before using the CII protocol was 10.3/person and 0.4/hour, and after implementing the protocol, increased to 21.7/person and 0.7/hour. The mean glucose level (281.4 mg/mL) decreased after using the CII protocol (195.5 mg/mL; p 250 mg/mL) decreased from 47.3% to 17.9% after protocol implementation (p = 0.020). @*Conclusion@#The CII protocol safely and successfully maintained a normal glucose range, and decreased severe hyperglycemia in intensive care patients.
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Purpose@#Intensive IV insulin infusion therapy has been applied widely to critically ill patients. However, IV insulin protocols are complex, and require repeated calculations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of a computerized insulin infusion (CII) protocol to replace manual insulin infusion protocols, for glucose control in critically ill patients. @*Methods@#This was an observational study (September 2016 to January 2017) of 43 patients in ICU whose blood glucose level was between 140-180 mg/mL and could not be controlled by the conventional manual insulin protocol. The CII protocol was integrated in to the electronic medical record order system, and automatically calculated the insulin infusion dose and blood sugar test (BST) interval. BSTs were taken 48 hours pre- and post-initiation of the CII protocol. The proportion of BSTs in the normal (70-180 mg/mL), hypoglycemic (70 mg/mL), and severe hyperglycemic (> 250 mg/mL) range were recorded. @*Results@#The mean number of BSTs performed before using the CII protocol was 10.3/person and 0.4/hour, and after implementing the protocol, increased to 21.7/person and 0.7/hour. The mean glucose level (281.4 mg/mL) decreased after using the CII protocol (195.5 mg/mL; p 250 mg/mL) decreased from 47.3% to 17.9% after protocol implementation (p = 0.020). @*Conclusion@#The CII protocol safely and successfully maintained a normal glucose range, and decreased severe hyperglycemia in intensive care patients.
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Background@#A comprehensive history taking at the first visit could be an important start of treatment. This study investigated the current status of the initial history taking for dental patients in S area, and the implementation and importance of the initial history taking process. Based on this, we intend to provide basic data for the development of organized and standardized questionnaires in dental clinics. @*Methods@#In April 2019, 303 dental clinics in S area were targeted and special dental clinics (orthodontics, children, and disabled) were excluded. The questionnaire consisted of 29 items, including general characteristics, systemic disease history, dental history, oral health behaviors, and the data were obtained through self-administered questionnaire. @*Results@#Initial history taking was mostly implemented using oral and questionnaire at the time of the first visit. Systemic disease history, dental history, and oral health behaviors differed in the work experience of the dental clinic staff. As a result of analyzing the importance according to implementation, there were significant differences in all questions except drug-related items. The importance of the questionnaire was highly recognized, but the reason it was not actually implemented was because of existing the questionnaire in the clinic and lack of time. @*Conclusion@#Considering that the initial history taking implementation rate showed low, it is necessary to develop standardize a practical questionnaire and interview skills for dental clinics in the future. In addition, training programs should be provided to dental staff that can recognize the importance of initial history taking questionnaires and contribute to active implementation.