الملخص
Syndrome is an important concept in the theoretical system of tradtional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the four-dimensional attributes of syndrome are proposed based on clinical practice， namely materiality， regularity， complexity and holism. The materiality of syndrome is an objective existence that can be perceived and seen， and it can be perceived from more levels by using modern science and technology to explore the visualisation， objectification and digitisation of syndrome； the regularity of syndrome is hierarchical， can be grasped， for example in the beginning of the epidemic the pathogen is unknown， and grasping the regularity of syndrome can make a rapid response in the treatment of the epidemic； the complexity of syndrome is not only reflected in the geographical， seasonal and individual differences， but also reflected in the development of the dynamics of a certain period of law， especially for the epidemic disease with characteristics of rapid onset， rapid change， so changeable syndrome， bad syndrome can appear at any time， and an objective and comprehensive grasp of the complexity of the syndrome can help improve the diagnosis and treatment of epidemic disease； the holism of syndrome not only embodied in the human body is a whole， the form of God as a whole， but also emphasised that man and nature are a whole， so more emphasis on man and nature as a whole. The occurrence of epidemics usually due to the unexpected qi appeared not the time， and the holism view of man and nature is an effective way to prevent and control epidemics. With the syndromes as the core， we explored the effective treatment strategy of epidemic disease combined with syndromes to provide ideas for the prevention and control of the epidemics.
الملخص
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as an invaluable scientific legacy and cultural patrimony of China， encapsulates the cumulative wisdom of millennia from the Chinese civilization. The deeply rooted medical theories and extensive empirical practices of TCM hold an indispensible central role within China's healthcare framework. Facing the challenges of modern medicine and health needs， it is particularly urgent to explore the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. Post-translational modification （PTM）， as a core mechanism to regulate the complex and diverse protein functions， is a bridge between environmental stimuli and physiological responses. Different PTMs can interact with each other to form a complex regulatory network， which is in line with the multi-component and multi-target action of Chinese medicines. In recent years， protein modification omics has emerged as a powerful means to probe into PTMs， and studies have employed protein modification omics to investigate the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. However， the research in this field is still in the initial stage. This article summarizes the basic theory of PTM and the basic research process of protein modification omics， reviews the application status of protein modification omics in the research on the mechanisms of Chinese medicines， and analyzes the existing research limitations. This study aims to explore an innovative research paradigm for analyzing the mechanisms of Chinese medicines from the perspective of PTM and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for understanding the mechanisms of Chinese medicines in the future.
الملخص
ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.
الملخص
By reviewing ancient materia medica， prescription and medical books， combined with modern literature， the paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China， but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties， and since then there have been constant controversies， and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly. In the past dynasties， Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names， some aliases and trade names were also seen. Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties， and there are many plants belonging to Angelica， Heracleum and Aralia， which are also used as this medicine. However， the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N. franchetii， which is relatively uniform. The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China， among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei， Chongqing， Sichuan， Shaanxi and other places， and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan， Gansu， Qinghai， Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn， especially in February and August of the lunar calendar. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots， few branches， firm texture and strong aroma is superior， and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes， tightly raised knots， purple-brown skin， tight cross-section， strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior. The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds， and the raw product is used as medicine. Based on the above research results， it is recommended that the roots of A. biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N. incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas， and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.
الملخص
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and regulations of medication in different stages of disease by constructing a dynamic disease network and a cellular feature network spanning from myocardial infarction to heart failure.METHODS Based on transcrip-tome and single-cell sequencing data from a mouse model of left anterior descending coro-nary artery ligation,a dynamic early-middle-late network and cellular feature network were con-structed by integrating differential gene expres-sion trends and biological functions.The robust-ness of the perturbation effect of traditional Chi-nese medicine(TCM)on the disease network was calculated based on multi-target TCM,and we acquired the foundational data by analyzing the results of effectiveness.The predictive plat-form was scrutinized and assessed with regards to the functional attributes of FDA approved-drugs and compound prescriptions,in order to determine the primary stages of intervention and the drug patterns actions in the progression of heart failure.RESULTS In this study,we devel-oped a prediction and analysis platform for assessing the efficacy of drugs using a network-based approach.The accuracy of the system was validated by FDA approved-drugs.It was found that blood-activating drugs,heat-clearing drugs,and phlegm-expelling drugs exhibited favorable intervention effects during the early to middle stages of the disease by investigating the effects of single herbs and TCM prescriptions on disease progression.Similarly,phlegm-expelling drugs,spirit-nourishing drugs,and diuretic showed better intervention effects during the mid-dle to late stages.These findings were consis-tent with the clinical use of drugs.Analysis of the clustering heatmap results of TCM prescriptions revealed that the formulas aimed at qi stagnation and blood stasis had a strong effect in early stage,while the formulas for qi and yin deficiency and cardiorenal yang deficiency had a strong effect in the middle to late stages.Furthermore,analysis of the single-cell feature network demon-strated that TCM had advantages in modulating the changes in fibroblasts,myofibroblasts,endo-thelial cells,and granulocytes during the patho-logical process.Additionally,most prescriptions exhibited strong perturbation effects on the fea-ture network of NK-T cells,granulocytes,macro-phages,and myofibroblasts.CONCLUSION This platform quantitatively evaluates the primary action stages and characteristics of TCM and for-mulas involved in the dynamic process of myo-cardial infarction to heart failure based on the effective prediction of the efficacy of TCM and FDA approved-drugs.It provides reference for the precise clinical application of TCM and formu-las with multiple targets and multiple pathways.
الملخص
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mecha-nism of Tou Tong Ning capsule(TTNC)and elu-cidate crosstalk between multi-components drug and trigeminal ganglia cells in migraine.METH-ODS We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and a quantitative evaluation algorithm of the disturbance of multi-target drugs on the dis-ease network to explore the specific pathology of TTNC for migraine.Cerebrovascular smooth muscle spasmolytic activity experiment was car-ried out to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis.RESULTS TTNC can effectively regu-late the functions of synaptic signaling,inflamma-tion and immune response,and cerebrovascular smooth muscle.For different cell subtypes of tri-geminal ganglia,TTNC can significantly disturb the robustness on neuronal cell networks and non-neural networks(fibroblast and vascular cells),indicating TTNC vasodilation activity of brain vessels and neural regulation activities of various neuro types.Contraction of cerebrovas-cular smooth muscle of mouse ex vivo confirmed the vasodilation activity of TTNC and active com-pounds(Emodin,Luteolin and Levistilide A).And literature mining confirmed the vasospasmolytic activity and neuroprotective effect activity of TTNC.CONCLUSIONS Integrating single-cell data and network disturbance tools provides a new strategy for the MoA of multi-components drug through cell subtyping.
الملخص
Existing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization, integrity and precision, and need to be updated urgently. Herein, an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0 (ETCM v2.0, http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/) was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books, 9872 Chinese patent drugs, 2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients. To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery, we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module, which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient, as well as their binding activities. Importantly, five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0, which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy, to summarize the rules of prescription use, and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials. Moreover, ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced JavaScript-based network visualization tool for creating, modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks. ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs, the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing, and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.
الملخص
Meige syndrome is one of the rare Diseases of neurology. It is a part of the group of segmental cranial dystonia, which affects more than two cranial muscle groups. Especially, blepharospasm is associated with another cranial dystonia. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder are not well-understood. Based on the theory of collaterals and the relationship between collateral disease and five zang organs,we try to classify the disease into the category of collateral disease, and hold that the mechasnism of disease is not only linked to brain, but also the five zang organs. The disorder of qi and blood leads to the "deficiency of qi and blood", "phlegm-damp" and "stagnant blood" in collateral. These pathological changes cause the deficiency of both qi and blood in brain marrow and tendon.We think that "unblocking and regulating the collterals"is the general program. Adjusting the five zang organs to heel the brain is the key point of the treatment. What's more, we create Tongmai Heluo Decoction to regulate qi and blood of the collateral. This decoction is composed of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction with some herbal medicine for tonifying qi and activating blood. By adjusting the middle energizer, the qi and the qi movement of five zang organs are well regulated. We use this decoction effectively on refractory Meige syndrome.
الملخص
Over the past decade, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely embraced systems biology and its various data integration approaches to promote its modernization. Thus, integrative pharmacology-based traditional Chinese medicine (TCMIP) was proposed as a paradigm shift in TCM. This review focuses on the presentation of this novel concept and the main research contents, methodologies and applications of TCMIP. First, TCMIP is an interdisciplinary science that can establish qualitative and quantitative pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) correlations through the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines and techniques and from different PK-PD processes
الملخص
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injection in the clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database and PubMed database,literatures about top 10 TCM injections in the list of report number stated in 2014 CFDA ADR monitoring report were researched in recent 30 years. By literature retrospective study,ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection were analyzed. Combining with post-marketing drug safety re-evaluation and rationality study,the security of clini-cal use of TCM injection was evaluated. RESULTS:A total of 2013 literatures were retrieved,1354 were. Most organs or systems were involved in ADR,especially cardiovascular system,respiratory system,skin and its appendants. Allergic reaction was main clinical manifestation,among which server ADR was allergic shock. Ten ADR/ADE-inducing TCM injections had the lower consis-tency with instructions in the original diseases,solvent,dosage concentration and compatibility application. Consistency rate of original diseases,solvent and dosage concentration was 78.30%,77.94% and 74.64%;81.73% of them were used individually. CON-CLUSIONS:ADR/ADE induced by TCM injection is serious. It is urgent to improve post-marketing revaluation scheme from the aspects of safety and rationality.
الملخص
Objective To compare the lung injury in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV) and thoracotomy cardiac surgery.Methods A total of 60 patients underwent thoracotomy cardiac surgery (control group) or thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV (observation group) in our hospital from May 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled,30 patients in each group.Two-lung ventilation was performed with a single-lumen endotracheal tube in the control group.In observation group,left lung ventilation was performed with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.Arterial blood gas analysis parameters,levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) were detected after the induction of anesthesia (T1),before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(T2),immediately after the onset of the CPB (T3),30 min after CPB (T,) and 60 min after CPB (T5),and the respiratory index (RI) was calculated at the above time points,as well.Lung tissues were collected during operation for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) detection and pathological analysis.Results Compared with the control group,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) were decreased at T3,T4 and T5,and RI values were increased at T2,T3,T4 and T5 in the observation group(P＜ 0.05).After surgery,the serum levels of ICAM-1 and expression levels of NF-κB in both two groups were increased,and serum levels of SP-A in both two groups were decreased;moreover,the levels of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the level of SP-A in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The lung histopathological changes showed alveolar swelling,neutrophil infiltration and interstitial exudation in the observation group,and inflammation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group.Conclusion Comparing with thoracotomy cardiac surgery,lung injury is more serious in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV.
الملخص
Objective To compare the lung injury in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV) and thoracotomy cardiac surgery.Methods A total of 60 patients underwent thoracotomy cardiac surgery (control group) or thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV (observation group) in our hospital from May 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled,30 patients in each group.Two-lung ventilation was performed with a single-lumen endotracheal tube in the control group.In observation group,left lung ventilation was performed with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.Arterial blood gas analysis parameters,levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) were detected after the induction of anesthesia (T1),before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(T2),immediately after the onset of the CPB (T3),30 min after CPB (T,) and 60 min after CPB (T5),and the respiratory index (RI) was calculated at the above time points,as well.Lung tissues were collected during operation for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) detection and pathological analysis.Results Compared with the control group,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) were decreased at T3,T4 and T5,and RI values were increased at T2,T3,T4 and T5 in the observation group(P＜ 0.05).After surgery,the serum levels of ICAM-1 and expression levels of NF-κB in both two groups were increased,and serum levels of SP-A in both two groups were decreased;moreover,the levels of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the level of SP-A in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The lung histopathological changes showed alveolar swelling,neutrophil infiltration and interstitial exudation in the observation group,and inflammation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group.Conclusion Comparing with thoracotomy cardiac surgery,lung injury is more serious in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery with OLV.
الملخص
[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the role of TNF-αand NF-κB in the mechanism of neuropathic pain due to chronically compressed dorsal root ganglion ( CCD) .METHODS:Based on the CCD model, von Frey filaments were used to quantify behavior test.The expression changes of TNF-αand NF-κB were determined by Western blotting, and the cor-relation between the expression of TNF-αand the 50%paw withdrawal threshold was also analyzed.Moreover, the location of TNF-αin dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) was observed with immunofluorescence double staining.RESULTS: We found 50%paw withdrawal threshold of CCD decreased at the first day after operation.The mechanical allodynia was the most ob-vious at postoperative 7~14 d and lasted longer than 35 d.The expression of TNF-αand NF-κB increased significantly in DRG after operation (P<0.01), especially at 7~14 d, and then restored gradually.Moreover, there was a correlation between the protein expression of TNF-αand the changes of neuropathic behavior ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: TNF-αand NF-κB are involved in the mechanism of mechanical allodynia after chronically compressed DRG.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of ozone on nigra oxidative stress and apoptosis-related protein expression in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Thirty-two adult male SD rats aged 2-3 months and weighted 180-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8):PD group,PD+ozone 20 group (given ozone 20 mg/L),PD+ozone 50 group (given ozone 50 mg/L) and control group; rats in the former three groups were given right striatum injection of 15 μg 6-OHDA to induce PD models,and rats in the control group were given the same volume of normal saline; four weeks after PD inducement,mixed gases of 5.0 mL of oxygen and ozone (20 mg/L and 50 mg/L,1 mg/kg) were given to rats in the PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group,respectively,for 15 d.Then,tissues were obtained from nigra; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by using chromometry; the protein expressions of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were detected by using Western blotting.Results As compared with those in the control group,the GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased and the MDA content was significantly increased in PD group,PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group (P＜0.05); the GSH-Px activity (6.98±0.60 vs 9.37±0.41、10.04±0.59) was significantly increased and the MDA content(2.31±0.54 vs 1.85±0.29、1.79±0.39) was significantly decreased in PD+ozone 20 group and PD+ozone 50 group as compared with those in the PD group (P＜0.05).Western blotting indicated no significant differences of protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 among the four groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ozone can improve antioxidation capability of rats with PD by increasing the activity of GSH-PX,while it does not affect the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and treatment method for no midline shift-severe craniocerebral trauma accompanied with post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swelling (PADBS).Methods 60 PADBS patients were randomly divided into conservative treatment group and operation group,30 patients in each group.The operation group was treated with intracranial pressure monitoring by implantation of the probe and decompressive craniectomy,while the conservative treatment group received conservative treatment.The postoperative recovery was observed.Results The GCS scores of operation group postoperative 7d and 15d were (11.21 ± 2.24) and (12.88 ±2.31),which were obviously higher than (7.47 ± 1.51) and (8.19 ± 1.28) of the conservative treatment group (t =2.215,2.321,all P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative long-term follow-up results indicated that,according to GOS score,63.3％ patients in the operation group recovered well,which was significantly higher than 26.7％ in the conservative treatment group.While the percent of patients with coma or dead was 6.7％ and 10.0％ in the operation group,which were significantly lower than the conservative treatment group (x2 =15.721,4.172,3.84,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In general,PADBS could not be cured easliy,the operation methods of using intracranial pressure monitoring and decompressive craniectomy based on conservative treatment could help to evaluate the trauma objectivly,detect the changes of disease earlier,treat in time and assess the prognosis accurately,all which would reduce the mortality.
الملخص
Objective To analyze the composition principles of Chinese patent drugs containing Rehmanniae Radix;To provide reference for clinical application and new drug research and development.Methods Based on the software Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (V2.0), the authors built prescription database containing Rehmanniae Radix in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD). Then the authors adopted the statistical module by using data mining methods such as association rules and improved mutual information method, with a purpose to analyze the attending disease, combination rules and the core groups in prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix.Results In 357 prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix, 17 most commonly used drug combinations were mined. Meanwhile, two diseases, namely, insomnia and vertigo were chosen from the 22 diseases that Rehmanniae Radix was most frequently used to make deeper analysis, showing that Rehmanniae Radix can achieve different therapeutic effects through different compatibility.Conclusion Prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radixin NSCPD mainly concentrate on clear heat and cool blood, and nourish Yin. The composition principles obtained from the research that Rehmanniae Radix used when curing different diseases can fully play the efficacy of RehmanniaeRadix and provide evidence for clinical scientific formulae.
الملخص
Objective To analyze the composition principles of Chinese patent drugs containing Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua) in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD) enacted by Ministry of Public Health of China by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS), and provide reference for its clinical application and development. Methods Based on TCMISS (V2.0), with methods of association rules and improved mutual information method, we analyzed the composition patterns and rules of single drugs and drug combinations. Results Through analyzing on the 201 patent drugs, 21 core drug combinations and 19 diseases that Jinyinhua commonly used were mined, from which influenza, and sore and ulcer were chosen to further analysis, including core drugs and drug combination rules, syndrome etc, disclosing the composition principles of Jinyinhua used in different diseases. Conclusion Patent drugs containing Jinyinhua collected from NSCPD mainly could clear heat and remove toxicity, and the composition principles reflect the compitable characteristics of Jinyinhua in treating different diseases, which are in accordence with clinical application of multiple-efficacy drugs.
الملخص
Epidemic influenza (flu) is a disease threatening the life of people for a long history.A precise forecast for the flu outbreak can warn and help health care providers to take measures to reduce the influences and harms in advance.At present,with the development of information technology,there have accumulated tremendous data of flu trends and climate information.With a history of 90 years researches about the forecast of flu trends,researchers have put forward different types of forecasting methods,and each of them has merits and demerits.Among these methods,those ones considering the key climate factors have higher precisions.Considering various methods at present,the prediction accuracy can be improved mainly from two aspects:on one hand,the forecast accuracy can be improved by effectively integrate the advantages of different models ; On the other hand,the prediction must take into account of the specific climate of an area,pathogens and the mode of transmission characteristics in order to determine the most relevant climate factors or other highly related factors with which to design a more reasonable and accurate prediction method.
الملخص
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an everted intestinal sac method for determining absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill and study absorption characteristics of major chemical constituents of yuanhuzhitong pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The everted intestinal sac model was adopted. Intestinal sac fluid samples at different time points after administration of three concentrations of Yuanhuzhitong pill were collected and determined by HPLC. The accumulative absorbed doses of active constituents were calculated, while the proportion between samples of yuanhuzhitong pill and absorption ingredients was compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong pill can be detected in intestinal sac, they are protopine, palmatine, coptisine, imperatorin, berberine, byakangelicin, alpha-allocryptopine and tetrahydropalmatine. The absorption rate constants (Ka) of eight constituents increased in jejunum and ileum with the increase in concentration of Yuanhuzhitong pill extracts (P < 0. 05), indicating a passive absorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As ingredients are selectively absorbed in intestinal sac, the everted intestinal sac method is selected to assess the intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong prescription.</p>
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Rats , Angelica , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Corydalis , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Intestinal Absorption , Intestines , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Rats, Sprague-Dawleyالملخص
Application of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) will be benefit for clarifying active components and mechanism of action of TCM and increase the study level of new drug of Chinese medicine. ADME process can identify drug components from TCM and obtain the possible metabolites which can clarify active components in vivo. For the complexity of active constituents of TCM, it indicated that the ADME process will be the precondition for application of network pharmacology in TCM. This paper introduced the study ideas of the combination of ADME process in vivo and network pharmacology.