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In order to provide a reference basis for the development of relevant compound preparations， this article takes a comprehensive analysis of the usage and dosage of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty from various perspectives， and gives corresponding countermeasures on this basis. Through the comprehensive analysis of the classification and statistics of Zhongjing's medication characteristics， decoction methods， administration and dosage， and combining conversion methods of weights and measures by ancient medical practitioners， along with the dosage and administration of the listed Han dynasty famous classical formulas， it was found that the "Jiangxi method" served as a general guideline for administration according to Zhongjing's original text. This method allowed for flexible dosing based on the conversion of the ancient measurements to modern equivalents［13.8 g per Liang（两）］， ensuring the safe and effective medication of these formulas. After combing， it is found that although the dosage of single medicine is large in famous classical formulas from Han dynasty， the administration is flexible. The crude drug amount per administration serves as the foundational dose， with the frequency of administration adjusted flexibly according to the condition. This dosing approach becomes the key for the rational development of compound formulations of famous classical formulas. Based on the conclusions of the study， it is recommended that when developing compound formulations of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty， the original administration method and dosage should be respected. The original crude drug amount per administration should be considered as the daily foundational dose， with the frequency of administration described within a range（1 to N times per day， where N is the maximum number of administrations as per the original text）. The specific frequency of administration can be adjusted flexibly by clinical practitioners based on the individual condition. This approach should also be adopted in toxicological studies， where the dosage per administration serves as the basis for toxicity research， and the toxicity profile at the maximum administration frequency should be observed， providing guidance on the clinical safety range. Corresponding drug labels should provide information within a range to indicate toxicological risk intervals.
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Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix are also traditional Chinese herbal medicines. The market is in great demand. However, the market sales of Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix have problems such as pesticide residues, excessive heavy metals and degraded quality, which affect their safety and effectiveness. The establishment of a pollution-free and planting system can effectively reduce the pesticide residue and heavy metal content and improve the quality of the medicinal materials while ensuring the production of Moutan Cortex and Paeonia Radix. The article uses field data which based on P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora cultivation, combined with growth habits and distribution of origin, this research has developed a pollution-free and planting technology system for P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora. The system includes planting base regionalization, field management, fertilization, pest control and so on, which provides reference for P.suffruticosa and P.lactiflora.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different intervention times on the efficacy of catheter balloon dilatation therapy for cricopharyngea] achalasia after stroke.Methods Forty-eight cases diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia were divided into 4 groups,groups A,B,C,and D according to the time of intervention from the onset (i.e.0.5,0.5-1,1-3,and 3-6 months),with 12 cases in each group.A 14# urethral catheter was inserted into the esophagus and water was injected into the balloon to make it turgid.The catheter was then pulled upwards through the stricture in the esophagus to dilatate the cricopharygeal muscle.The patients also received low frequency electrical stimulation combined with dysphagia rehabilitation behavioral therapy once daily.The treatment end point was either when the patient resumed an oral diet or after 6 weeks of treatment.The effects of the treatment were evaluated in terms of the number of times the dilatation therapy was administered,the pharyngeal transit duration,swallowing function and fluoroscopic examination before and after treatment.Results Groups A,B and C required significantly fewer treatment sessions than group D.Groups A and B required significantly fewer sessions than group C,but the difference between groups A and B was not statistically significant.After treatment,there were 11 patients can eat water,liquid,paste and solid food both in groups A and B.But the number of patients who can eat the4 traits of food was 9,9,10,9 in group C and 6,6,7,5 in group D respectively.Swallowing function in groups A,B and C was adjudged,on average,significantly better than in group D.Compared with group C,swallowing function in groups A and B was also significantly improved,but the difference between groups A and B was not statistically significant.The pharyngeal transit duration in all 4 groups was shorter than before treatment,but the duration in groups A,B and C was significantly shorter than in group D.Compared with group C,the pharyngeal transit duration in groups A and B was significantly shorter,but the difference between groups A and B was again not statistically significant.Fluoroscopy showed the efficiency in groups A and B to be over 91 ％.In group C it was 83％ and in group D 58％.The difference between group D and groups A,B and C was significant.The efficiency in groups A and B was significantly better than in group C,but the difference between groups A and B again was not statistically significant.Conclusions Early intervention using catheter balloon dilatation therapy can facilitate the improvement of swallowing function in patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia after stroke and improve their quality of life.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the composition structure of "annual rings" and the formation process of anomalous structures in Sophora flavescens, and further discuss the medicinal parts of S. flavescens.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Based on investigation on S. flavescens in its producing areas, the morphology of root systems was observed, and the developmental anatomy of roots was researched.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Creeping underground rhizomes of S. flavescen existed in some parts of the north place, there were many differences in appearance characters and microscopic features between these roots and rhizomes. Parenchyma cells in secondary xylem regained meristematic ability, became into anomalous cambia, and then developed into anomalous structures. "Annual rings" in transverse section of S. flavescens were not actually growth rings, they were made up of anomalous parenchyma girdle in secondary xylem and normal secondary structure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Roots are the medicinal parts of S. flavescens. This paper suggests that "annual rings" in the decoction pieces of S. flavescens should be called "annular structure".</p>
الموضوعات
Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Cell Biology , Sophora , Chemistry , Cell Biologyالملخص
@#Objective To explore the effects of catheter balloon dilatation therapy on cricopharyngeal achaiasia in patients with stroke and 1 year follow-up study. Methods 28 cases of dysphagia caused by stroke were diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia through videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). A l4# urethral catheter was used to insert into the esophagus and an amount of water was injected into the balloon of urethral catheter to make it turgid. Then the catheter was pulled upwards and passed through the stricture of esophagus to dilatate the cricopharygeus muscle. At the same time, vitalstim low frequency electrical stimulation was used and combined with routine dysphagia rehabilitation training once daily. The treatment end point was either the patient resuming an oral diet or after 6 weeks of treatment. All cases were evaluated by swallowing function and VFSS before and after treatment and followed after 1 year of treatment. Results After catheter balloon dilatations therapy, 22 patients regained the ability to take solid food and water orally, 24 of them could take pasty food. There was significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment (P<0.01). The time of bolus passing the pharynx significantly shortened from 0.22 s to 0.14 s after treatment. The scores of VFSS significantly increased after treatment (P<0.01). VFSS showed that the total effective rate was 89.28%. 1 year after treatment, 23 patients could take solid food and water orally, and 12 patients approach to normal in the time passing the pharynx and VFSS score. Conclusion Catheter balloon dilatation has long-term effect on cricopharyngeal achalasia caused by stroke.
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The paper analyzed the current status and existing problems of traditional Chinese medicine resources. Blind introduction phenomenon, slow progress of variety breeding, low utilization rate of medicinal parts and herb residue seriously affected the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper raised suggestions according to these problems: to develop directional cultivation based on genuine drug, to develop directive breeding based on improvement the content of effective components, to expanding use the medicinal parts based on diversification and to comprehensive use the herb residue.
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Breeding , China , Conservation of Natural Resources , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistryالملخص
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory tract infection in elderly patients. METHODS An open clinical trial was conducted for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in elderly patients.The dosage of the drug was 0.5g once daily injection,the duration of treatment was 7-14 days. RESULTS The total cure rate,the total response rate and the bacterial clearance rate were 56.7%,83.3%,and 82.1%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Levofloxacin is a drug both effective and safe for respiratory tract infection in elderly patients.The dosage of the drug(0.5g/day) can reach higher clinical effective rate,best tolerance and compliancy.