Discussion on the Evolution of the Traditional Preparation Process of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata / 广州中医药大学学报

This article discussed the evolution of the traditional preparation process of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata.The production methods for Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata in Song Dynasty include cake-making of Pinelliae Rhizoma together with ginger juice and fermentation after cake-making,and the former method of cake-making was the mainstream.The process technology in Jin and Yuan Dynasties inherited from that in Song Dynasty,and the application of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata had certain limitations.The medical practitioners of Ming Dynasty elucidated the mechanism of processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata,and proposed the view of"sliced Pinelliae Rhizoma being potent while fermented Pinelliae Rhizoma being mild".In the Ming Dynasty,LI Shi-Zhen defined the cake-making process and fermentation process for Pinelliae Rhizoma,and HAN Mao's Han Shi Yi Tong(Han's Clear View of Medicine)contained five prescriptions for the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata,which had the epoch-making signficance in the expansion of prescriptions for the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata.In the Qing Dynasty,HAN Fei-Xia's ten methods for making Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata were summarized on the basis of the methods recorded in Han Shi Yi Tong,and at that time,the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata and the preparation of Massa Medicata Fermentata interacted with each other.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the local experience in the preparation of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata was deeply influenced by the methods in the Qing Dynasty,and the local preparation technical standards gradually became the same.Moreover,this article also explored the issues of the importance of"Pinelliae Rhizoma"and"ingredients for fermentation",the pre-treatment of Pinelliae Rhizoma,the distinction between cake-making process and fermentation process for Pinelliae Rhizoma,the amount of flour added as well as the timing of adding,the addition of Massa Medicata Fermentata powder,the role of Alum in Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata and so on.

Schisandrin B Improves the Hypothermic Preservation of Celsior Solution in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND@#Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have emerged as promising therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases. However, how to maintain the activity and unique properties during cold storage and transportation is one of the key factors affecting the therapeutic efficiency of hUCMSCs. Schisandrin B (SchB) has many functions in cell protection as a natural medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SchB on the hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs. @*METHODS@#hUCMSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly. Subsequently, hUCMSCs were exposed to cold storage (4 °C) and 24-h re-warming. After that, cells viability, surface markers, immunomodulatory effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial integrity, apoptosis-related and antioxidant proteins expression level were evaluated. @*RESULTS@#SchB significantly alleviated the cells injury and maintained unique properties such as differentiation potential, level of surface markers and immunomodulatory effects of hUCMSCs. The protective effects of SchB on hUCMSCs after hypothermic storage seemed associated with its inhibition of apoptosis and the anti-oxidative stress effect mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 signaling. @*CONCLUSION@#These results demonstrate SchB could be used as an agent for hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs.

Research and verification of quality evaluation method of Epimedii Folium based on quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker / 中国中药杂志

The quality control of Epimedii Folium, composed of diverse constituents, is single at present. In view of this, an eva-luation method of 13 chemical constituents based on quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) was established to further explore the composition differences of raw products and alcohol extracts in different batches and the influence of alcohol extraction on the composition, so as to provide a reference for improving the quality evaluation and control of Epimedii Folium. The fingerprints of different batches of Epimedii Folium were constructed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) to evaluate the inter-batch consistency. The changes of the flavonoids in Epimedii Folium during alcohol extraction were analyzed based on determined levels and heat map, and the reasons for the changes were preliminarily discussed. With icariin, the quality control component recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, as the internal reference, the stability of the relative correction factors of chemical components under different conditions was investigated to obtain the relative correction factors. Then the determination results of QAMS and the external standard method were compared to verify the accuracy of QAMS. The results revealed that all batches of Epimedii Folium met the requirements specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the fingerprints of Epimedii Folium from the same place of origin exhibited a high similarity. Raw products and alcohol extracts of Epimedii Folium could be clearly distinguished by prenylated flavonoids, which are potential biomarkers for quality control. Additionally, the glycoside hydrolysis in the alcohol extraction was preliminarily explored. The QAMS method has good accuracy, durability, and repeatability in determining 13 chemical components in Epimedii Folium under different experimental conditions. No significant difference in the results obtained by the two methods was observed. This study can provide a reference for comprehensive, rapid and reasonable quality evaluation of Epimedii Folium.

Biopharmaceutical classification and transport mechanism of 4 alkaloids in Mongolian herbal medicine Sophorae Flavescentis Radix / 中国中药杂志

In this study, we studied the solubility and permeability of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and oxysophocarpine, four alkaloids in the Mongolian herbal medicine Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, and evaluated the absorption mechanism with the Caco-2 cell model, so as to provide a basis for the new drug development and efficacy evaluation of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The results showed that all the four alkaloids had high solubility and high permeability and can be well absorbed, belonging to the class-I drugs of Biopharmaceutical Classification System(BCS). The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of matrine and oxymatrine were not affected by the concentration while the absorption depended on P-gp protein. The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of sophoridine and oxysophocarpine were positively related to the concentration and time, and the absorption process was independent from P-gp protein. The results provide scientific reference and an experimental basis for the development of Mongolian medical prescriptions containing Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.

Effect of flavones of Sorbus tianschanica against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury / 中草药

Objective: To screen active components and main target molecules from Sorbus tianschanica for treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by network pharmacology methods, and verify its protective effects and mechanism of flavonoids in S. tianschanica (FST). Methods: The compounds from S. tianschanica with protective effects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) were screened and the compound-target-disease network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the key targets were located through TCMSP database. Langendorff-reperfusion rat isolated-hearts were prepared to induce MIRI. The high dose (1.5 mg/L), low dose (0.5 mg/L) of FST, and 4'-chlorodiazepam (CDZ, 1 μmol/L) were administrated for pretreatment respectively. Hemodynamic index, infarct size of myocardial tissue, and the pathological changes of myocardium were analyzed. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione/ oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the opening degree of mPTP were determined. Results: The active components screened from S. tianschanica by network pharmacology in treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion were flavonoids; The core target was TSPO, which was closely related to mitochondrial permeability transition pore mPTP. Each treatment group significantly enhanced the cardiac function index, reduced infarct size of myocardial tissue, increased the activity of SOD and CAT (P < 0.01), increased GSH/GSSG and T-AOC of myocardial tissue (P < 0.01), and inhibited the opening of mPTP. High dose (1.5 mg/L) had the strongest effect by contrast. Conclusion: Flavonoids of S. tianschanica can enhance the function of myocardial relaxation and contraction, reduce the area of myocardial infarction and the oxidative stress injury of myocardial tissue; It can inhibit the opening of mPTP by the main target TSPO to reduce the mitochondrial swelling of myocardial cells.

Metabolomic screening for diagnostic biomarkers of drug-induced chronic liver injury related cirrhosis / 药学学报

About 15%-20% of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) will progress to chronic manifestation (CH-DILI), which sometimes advances rapidly to liver cirrhosis (LC-DILI) within 0.5-1 year with deteriorative clinical prognosis. Therefore, it is important to find a non-invasive diagnosis for early detection of liver cirrhosis. In this study, the metabolomic profiles revealed significant differences in the metabolites from the plasma of LC-DILI versus CH-DILI. We found 35 differential metabolites through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Through pathway enrichment analysis, some up-regulated metabolic pathways reflected impaired liver functions such as bile acid, lipid synthesis and decomposition during cirrhosis. Five biomarkers were found to exhibit effective diagnosis value (AUC > 0.6), including phosphatidylcholine, lysoPC (18:1 (9Z)), creatine, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid. Furthermore, we found that the relative content ratio between phosphatidylcholine and lysoPC (18:1 (9Z)) had a better distinguishing ability (AUC = 0.867). The relative content ratio also had the feature to reduce systematic errors of sample processing and instrument detection, therefore having a greater value for clinical application.

Research Progress of Gas6 with Type 2Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications / 昆明医科大学学报

Growth arrest-specific 6, which is a member of the vitamin K-dependent protein family, is a ligand of TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase family.Gas6/Axl signaling pathways are involved in pathophysiological processes of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, platelet aggregation, vascular remodeling, inflammatory and immune responses. In recent years, studies found that Gas6/Axl signaling pathway, Gas6 level and the gene polymorphism of Gas6 were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetic complications.This article reviews the correlation between Gas6 and type 2 diabetes and its complications

Effect of continuous light on reproductive rhythm of rats and intervention effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 医学研究生学报

Objective Light acts as an important zeitgeber and regulates the body's circadian rhythm.Excessive lighting at night leads to light pollution,which interferes with the circadian rhythm and thus adversely affects the body.To observe the adverse effect of continuous light on female reproductive endocrinology and explore effective treatment,the animal experiment was carried out.Methods 185 sexual maturity female SD rats in the age of 2 months with normal estrous cycle were enrolled.60 rats were selected randomly and enrolled into control group.Normal illumination conditions were given.The remaining rats were given 300±20lux light intensity for 24h/d last for 50 days to get reproductive rhythm disorder model.The model rats (100) were randomly divided into models group (n =50) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group (n =50).Traditional Chinese Medicine group was treated with sequential TCM.At last we get 50 rats enrolled into model group and herbal group respectively.The TCM group rats were given therapy of nourishing yin and tonifying yang sequential TCM,while the two other groups were gavaged the same volume of physiological saline.The estrous cycle was observed in all groups.20 days later,blood were collected dynamically and E2 (estradiol),P (progesterone),LH (Luteinizing Hormone),FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)and melatonin were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect of TCM.Finally,try to explain the mechanism of TCM's effect from the perspective of melatonin.Results At the first day,E2 was lower in TCM group and models group than control group (P＜ 0.05).At the second day,E2 was higher in traditional Chinese Medicine group than control group (9＜0.05).At the third day,E2 was higher in TCM group and models group than that in control group (P＜ 0.05).Progesterone in control group showed low level in pre-estrous and estrous period and elevated in the late stage of estrous.Progesterone showed no obvious change during the estrous cycle in TCM group and models group.At the third and fourth day,Progesterone was significantly lower in models group than TCM group and control group.At the first day,LH in models group [(249.8±50.2)mIU/mL] and TCM group [(83.4±37.3)mIU/mL] were significantly lower than control group [(430.0± 100.4)mIU/mL] (P＜0.05).At the first day,FSH in models group and TCM group were significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05).At the fourth day,FSH in TCM group was significantly lower than control group and models group (P＜0.05).Compared the melatonin among three groups,the circadian rhythm was high at night but low in the day in control group.The highest level was nearly 5 times higher than the lowest level.Neither the models group nor the TCM group had obvious recent rhythm changes.Conclusion Continuous light can induce disordered estrous cycle and loss of rhythm.Traditional Chinese Medicine can somehow induce circulation reconstruction.Continuous light can induce disordered endocrine,E2,FSH,LH surge abnormal,ovulation failure,luteal phase defect.TCM can induce ovulation and luteal support.Continuous light can destroy melatonin circadian rhythm and TCM can increase melatonin,which could be the mechanism of TCM's effect.

Absorption enhancing effects and safety of PAMAM dendrimers on liquiritin / 中国中药杂志

PAMAM dendrimer is one of the most widely studied dendrimers in recent years, which has a large number of functional groups on the surface and cavities inside, specific three-dimensional structure and good biocompatibility, permeability and stability. It has been widely applied in drug and gene carrier fields and may become a new absorption enhancer. In order to study the absorption enhancing effects of PAMAM dendrimers, liquiritin was selected as the model drug, with the protection of spleen and liver, detoxification and other functions, but it had not been widely used in clinical application because of its difficult absorption, first pass effect, and low bioavailability. This topic was based on the two main determinants (solubility and permeability) of intestinal absorption in the body, researched the physicochemical properties of liquiritin, analyzed the transport volume of liquiritin with or without PAMAM dendrimers by using Caco-2 cell model, and analyzed the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers on Caco-2 cells by MTT experiments. These results showed that 0.1% of the G4 generation PAG can promote the absorption of liquiritin safely and effectively, and it was suitable for further development into a new type of pharmaceutical excipients.

Content determination of alkaloids in different parts of Papaver nudicaule from different populations / 中草药

Objective To determine the qualitities Papaver nudicaule from different populations, a total alkaloid and three main kinds of alkaloids (reframidine, nudicauline, and amurensinine) from different parts, in order to provide a scientific basis for rational utilization and quality evaluation of P. nudicaule. Methods The qualitative and quantitative analysis of P. nudicaule has been conducted based on the method of LCMS-IT-TOF, Bromocresol green acid dye colorimetry and UPLC-MS, respectively. Results From the quantitative analysis, 13 kinds of alkaloids have been analyzed, in which eight kinds of chemical structures have been identified, and the results of quantitative analysis showed that there were greater variabilities in total alkaloid and three main kinds of alkaloids. Comprehensively, the plants grown in WLBT, HGL, and DL were better than other populations, in which the plants grown in WLBT were the best. In addition, the contents of total alkaloid and three main kinds of alkaloids were highly existed in the entire plants and flowers. Conclusion Based on the evaluation of the quality characteristics of P. nudicaule, it is suggested that total alkaloid and nudicauline can be seen as main reference indexes. Additionally, the result suggests that WLBT, HGL, and DL can be chosen to select and breed excellent quality of P. nudicaule, develop the quality standard and make layout of source area. The best harvest time should be chosen in late July to early August, and harvest site should be chosen flowers and whole plants.

Biopharmaceutics classification and absorption mechanisms primary study on four kinds of flavonoids / 中国中药杂志

The solubility and permeability on four kinds of flavonoids (kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein) were test according to the theory of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS), and their absorption mechanism. The solubility was investigated by the method in determination of solubility of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010". To detect appearance permeability of compounds mentioned above, the appropriate concentrations were selected by the MTT method in cell transfer experiments in Caco-2 cell model, which established by in vitro cell culture method. Therefore, these compounds were classified with BCS according to solubility and permeability. In addition, to explore absorption mechanisms, the experiments in three different concentrations of compounds in high, medium and low in bidirectional transformation methods in Caco-2 cell model contacted. The study indicated that all of kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein have the characteristics in low solubility and high permeability, which belong to BCSⅡ, and the absorption mechanism of kaempferol was active transportation. Whereas, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein were passive transportation. In this study, it carried out initial explorations on establishment of determination for solubility and permeability in flavonoids, and provided theoretical reference for further research on BCS in traditional Chinese medicine.

Mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating pulmonary alveolitis in mice exposed to silica dust / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) in alleviating pulmonary alveolitis in mice exposed to silica dust. METHODS: Five specific pathogen free healthy male C57 BL /6 mice were used to isolate BMSCs using bone marrow adherent method. The poly-potent differentiation ability of BMSCs were identified by 3 differentiation-inducing experiments. Forty-five mice of similar background were randomly divided into 3groups: control group,silica group and BMSCs transplantation group. The mice of the control group were given 20. 0 μL of0. 90% sodium chloride solution by one time intratracheal injection. The mice of silica group and BMSCs transplantation group were first received 20. 0 μL( 250 g / L mass concentration) of silica dust suspension by one time intratracheal injection; followed by 500. 0 μL of 0. 90% sodium chloride solution or 500. 0 μL of BMSCs suspension( cell density 1 ×109/ L) by tail vein infusion 6 hours later. Mice were euthanized on the 3rd day of the experiment. Lung functional coefficient and pathologic changes in the lung were examined. The level of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Wright-Giemsa staining was used for staining cells in BALF for counting. Flow cytometry( FCM) was used to measure the percentage of macrophages of BALF in the mice. RESULTS: BMSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into osteogenic,adipogenic and chondrogenic cells and developed into osteoblast,adipogenic cells and chondroblast. On the 3rd day of the experiment,the mice in silica group showed histopathological changes similar to pulmonary alveolitis; while there was no obvious inflammatory change observed in the BMSCs transplantation group,and the structure of lung tissue appeared normal. The lung coefficient of the silica group was higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 05); the lung coefficient of BMSCs transplantation group was lower than that of the silica group( P < 0. 05),but it showed no significant difference when compared to the control group( P > 0. 05). The interleukin( IL)-1β,IL-6 and chemokine ligand 3 levels in BALF in the silica group were higher than those of the control group( P < 0. 05),and the above 3 indices in the BMSCs transplantation group regaining the level of the control group( P > 0. 05) were lower than those of the silica group( P < 0. 05). The level of tumor necrosis factor-α in BALF in silica group and BMSCs transplantation group were higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference between silica group and BMSCs transplantation group( P > 0. 05). The level of IL-10 in BALF showed no significant difference in these 3 groups( P > 0. 05). Wright-Giemsa staining results showed that the number of total cells and macrophages in BALF in the silica group was higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 05),and the above cell number of BMSCs transplantation was lower than that of silica group( P < 0. 05),but it showed no significant difference when compared to the control group( P > 0. 05). The FCM result showed that the percentage of macrophages was in accordance with that of the Wright-Giemsa staining. CONCLUSION: The BMSCs can alleviate pulmonary alveolitis in the mice exposed to silica dust by inhibiting the amounts and activity of alveolar macrophages and down-regulating the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF.

Toxicity-attenuating effect of processed rhubarb products based on bio-heat activity in Tetrahymena thermophila BF5 / 中草药

Objective To explore the toxicity difference of various processed rhubarb products on Tetrahymena thermophila BF5. Methods The effects of various processed-rhubarb products on parameter of bio-heat activity in T. thermophila BF5 were invastigated by a TAM air isothermal microcalorimeter. Results Various processed rhubarb products had different inhibition on the growth of T. thermophila BF5 in different degrees. The order of intensity was crude rhubarb > alcohol-processed rhubarb > steamed rhubarb > carbonized rhubarb. The inhibition on the growth of T. thermophila BF5 was with the phenomenon of tG being increased, Pmax being lowered down, and t max being delayed. The heat production during the growth of T. thermophila BF5s was reduced in varying degrees, and the reducing of crude rhubarb was the most obvious. Conclusion It could be concluded that the processed rhubarb could attenuate the toxicity significantly. The study on the bio-heat activity of T. thermophila BF5 is suitable for the early screening on toxicity of Chinese materia medica.

Two new phenolic acids from Drynariae rhizoma / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.

Essential issues of bioassay methods for quality control of laxative traditional Chinese medicines / 药学学报

The essential issues of bioassay methods for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) were investigated and discussed through the instantiation of developing the bioassay methods for laxative drugs. For the relatively broad variation of the quality of TCM, which might be influenced much by many factors, the parallel lines model of quantitative response is preferred to control the quality of TCM for its relatively high accuracy. The parallel model of quantal response is alternative while the sample can not meet the reliability standard for quantitative response model. According to the requirement of homogeneity between reference and sample for bioassay, the extract from referenced crude meterial is suitable to be used as reference substance after standardizing and defining by chemical substances, and to give reference to the establishment and reproducibility of authorized standard substance. The results of determination of the purgative biopotency of different species of rhubarb and the compound preparations showed that the bioassay methods and self-made reference substance established in this study could be used to control the quality of laxative medicines.

Methodological study on quality evaluation of rhubarb based on purgative bioassay / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method suitable to determine the purgative biopotency of rhubarb and construct a new quality evaluation pattern of rhubarb.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A series of factors such as observation index (mass of feces in 10 hours), animal strain (ICR mice), sex (male) and the dose of diphenoxylate complex (50 mg x kg(-1)) was investigated and fixed. The purgative biopotency as well as anthraquinone determination was used to evaluate the quality of different rhubarb samples.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There wasn't a good linear relationship between the purgative biopotency and content of anthraquinone. The quality difference of rhubarb samples could be well characterized by combination of purgative biopotency determination and anthraquinone determination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The purgative biopotency determination can be used in quality control and evaluation of rhubarb.</p>

Study on relationship of laxative potency and anthraquinones content traditional Chinese drugs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the laxative potency and anthraquinones content of six kinds of traditional Chinese drugs (TCDs) like Rheum tanguticum, Polygonum cuspidatum, R. palmatum, R. officeinale, Semen Cassiae and Radix Polygoni Multiflori.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The half effective dose (ED50) was applied to determine the laxative potency and the content of anthraquinones was evaluated by RP-HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The ED50 for the six kinds of TCD was 0.458, 0.686, 0.925, 1.004, 1.047, 1.986 g x kg(-1), respectively, and the sequence of laxative potency was R. tanguticum > P. cuspidatum > R. palmatum > R. officeinale > Semen Cassiae > Radix Polygoni Multiflori. In terms of the HPLC quantitative determination, the content of combined anthraquinones was 2.82% ,1.64%, 1.44%, 0.82%, 0.15%, 0.019%, respectively,and the sequence was R. tanguticum > Polygoni cuspidatum > R. palmatum > P. cuspidatum > Semen Cassiae > Radix Polygoni Multiflori.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a great difference in laxative potency between TCDs, and the relationship between laxative potency and the content of combined anthraquinones was found. The bioassay may be utilized to evaluate and control the quality of TCD with the chemical methods.</p>

Cytokine-induced killer cells showing multidrug resistance and remaining cytotoxic activity to tumor cells after transfected with mdr1 cDNA / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Routine treatment of cancer such as surgery, radiation or chemotherapy is sometimes unable to eradicate metastatic malignant cells. So we tried a new method and increased the adoptive immunotherapy of Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in tumor patients and the multidrug resistance (mdr1) cDNA was transfected into CIK cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CIK cells were obtained from peripheral blood and induced by IFN-gamma, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, IL-2 and IL-1. CIK cells were transfected with plasmid PHaMDR containing human mdr1 cDNA by electroporation. RT-PCR was used to detect mdr1 mRNA in transfected CIK cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expressed on surface of CIK cells was assayed by FITC-conjugated anti-P-gp monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Multidrug resistance to doxorubicin and colchicine and cytotoxic activity to human breast cancer cell line MCF7 were performed using MTT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>mdr1 mRNA was detected in transfected CIK cells. P-gp was expressed on the surface of the transfected CIK cells, and the P-gp positive cells reached 21% - 37% of the total CIK cells after transfection. The IC50 to doxorubicin increased to 22.3 - 45.8 times, and that to colchicines to 6.7 - 11.35 times, as compared to those of untransfected CIK cells. However, the cytotoxic activity to MCF7 cell line remained unaltered.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CIK cells were successfully transfected with mdr1 cDNA by using electroporation. The transfected CIK cells had the characteristics of multidrug resistance without change in their cytotoxic activity to tumor cells.</p>

Lactulose Breath Hydrogen Test in Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate lactulose breath hydrogen test in diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children.Me-thods Thirty-five children,aged 3 to 13 years old with mean (7.72?3.06) years old presented with chronic diarrhea,abdominal pain and flatulence.Among them,18 cases were male and 17 cases were female.Breath hydrogen test was carried out after the administration of a 0.5 g?kg-1 or 10 g lactulose,which was 100 g?L-1 solution.After the ingestion of lactulose,the breath hydrogen was collected in every 20 minutes and up to 3 hours.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed as positive when the hydrogen concentration increased more than 20 mg?m-3 in a sample.Results Eighteen cases in 35 (51.43%) children were positive and 17 cases were negative.Among these positive cases,8 cases in 18 (22.86%) patients were typically double peaks in breath hydrogen concentrations.Among the causes of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children,4 cases with chronic superficial gastritis,4 cases with chronic bacterial enteritis,2 cases with malnutrition and anorexia,1 case with volvulus of stomach,1 case with massive resection of small intestine,1 case with steatorrhea and 5 cases with unknown causes.Four cases of chronic bacterial enteritis were gained remission by antimicrobial agents.The other cases were treated by lac-to-and bifidbacteria probiotics.Seven patients of the clinical systems were controlled,3 cases were improved remarkably and 4 cases were failed.Conclusions The lactulose breath hydrogen test is validated as screening test in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children.Antimicrobial agents and bifidbacteria probiotics is effective in treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Bibiometric analysis on papers produced by Peking university hospital / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the academic status of the researchers in pediatric department of Peking university first hospital, we conducted bibliometric analysis of research on the scientific publications. Methods The total number, first authors, and the citing and cited conditions of these papers published from 1999 to 2000 were analyzed by bibliometric methods. Results There were total 513 papers including 275 original articles published in 59 journals from 1999 to 2003.There were 238 papers written in Chinese, of which 188 papers (79 %) were from the core journals. In the 37 original articles written in English, 31 papers(83.8 %) were select-ed by science citation index(SCI).The average of impact factors (IF) of sourcing journals was 1.447(0.107 -7.717). The averages of IF per year ranged from 0. 768 to 2.206.The original articles selected by SCI were totally cited 38 times. Every article was cited 1.41 times in average.Of all 275 papers,each had an average of 9.8 citing reference, increasing from 8.1 in 1999 to 12.0 in 2003.About 80.7 % of those references were written in foreign languages.The Price's index of those papers was 43.2%.Conclusions The number of papers kept improving in the past 5 years, and had a significant improvement in 2003.The authors showes great talents to use English articles as their main information sources. But the utilization of the last published papers in this subject should be im-proved.