Risk factors for prolonged postoperative ileus after radical colorectal cancer resection / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic factors for the risk of prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) after colorectal cancer resection.Methods:The clinical data of 896 patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between Jan 2016 and Dec 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into PPOI group (59 cases) and non-PPOI group (837 cases) according to whether PPOI happened after surgery. Potential prognostic factors for the risk of developing PPOI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive power of potential prognosis factors.Results:Fifty-nine patients (6.5%) developed PPOI after radical colorectal cancer resection. Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses showed that diabetes mellitus ( OR=2.360, P=0.018), preoperative albumin level <35 g/L ( OR=2.196, P=0.036), postoperative epidural analgesia ( OR=2.399, P=0.007), open surgery ( OR=3.413, P=0.001), and ICU hospitalization ≥ 48 h ( OR=6.134, P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for PPOI. Combining the above prognostic factors to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.806 (95% CI: 0.698-0.838), with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 73.9%, 74.0%, 72.9%, respectively. Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, postoperative epidural analgesia, open surgery, and ICU hospitalization ≥ 48 h were risk factors for PPOI after radical colorectal cancer resection.

Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids ameliorate methamphetamine-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in a Sigmar-1 receptor-dependent manner

Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse can cause serious mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The gut microbiota is a crucial contributor to maintaining host mental health. Here, we aim to investigate if microbiota participate in Meth-induced mental disorders, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, 15 mg/kg Meth resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice successfully and suppressed the Sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1)/BDNF/TRKB pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Meth impaired gut homeostasis by arousing the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related colonic inflammation, disturbing the gut microbiome and reducing the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, fecal microbiota from Meth-administrated mice mediated the colonic inflammation and reproduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in recipients. Further, SCFAs supplementation optimized Meth-induced microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated colonic inflammation, and repressed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Finally, Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1-/-) repressed the BDNF/TRKB pathway and produced similar behavioral phenotypes with Meth exposure, and eliminated the anti-anxiety and -depression effects of SCFAs. The activation of SIGMAR1 with fluvoxamine attenuated Meth-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Our findings indicated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs could optimize gut homeostasis, and ameliorate Meth-induced mental disorders in a SIGMAR1-dependent manner. This study confirms the crucial role of microbiota in Meth-related mental disorders and provides a potential preemptive therapy.

Simultaneous improvement to solubility and bioavailability of active natural compound isosteviol using cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks

Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) as a highly porous supramolecular carrier could be one of the solutions to the insolubility of isosteviol (STV). The solubility of STV was lower than 20.00 ng/mL at pH 1.0 and pH 4.5, whilst its solubility increased to 20,074.30 ng/mL at pH 6.8 and 129.58 ng/mL in water with a significant pH-dependence. The