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Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis(HOKPP).Methods The clinical data of one HOKPP family were retrospectively analyzed.Results The proband presented with periodic paralysis,limb weakness and decreased serum potassium(1-2 mmol/L).The proband's father and cousin had similar symptoms.A heterozygous missense variant c.2006G＞A(p.R669H)in SCN4A gene was identified in the proband,his father,younger aunt and cousin using gene detection.However,the variant was absent in his elder aunt and younger uncle.Conclusions The family shows irregular dominant inheritance.The severity,frequency and age of onset of male heterozygotes were different,while female heterozygotes had no clinical phenotype.The study first confirms that the R669H variant in SCN4A gene causes complete penetrance in males and carriers in females in Asian populations.
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Objective:To explore the impact of nursing intervention in strengthening the implementation of ultrasound drug penetration therapy on postoperative rapid recovery of patients with digestive tract tumors after surgery, and to provide reference for the formulation of intervention plans for postoperative rapid recovery of digestive tract tumor patients.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was used. From April to July 2021, 120 postoperative patients with digestive tract tumors admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were selected and divided into a control group, a dispersed treatment group, and a concentrated treatment group according to the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group mainly received routine accelerated rehabilitation surgical care, supplemented by early rehabilitation training; the dispersed treatment group received nursing intervention with ultrasound drug penetration therapy on the basis of the control group, once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, lasting for 30 min each time; on the basis of the control group, the concentrated treatment group received nursing intervention of one-time concentrated ultrasound drug penetration therapy for 60 min. The gastrointestinal reactions, intestinal function recovery, hospitalization, postoperative complications, and nursing satisfaction of each group of patients were observed and compared using one-way ANOVA, LSD- t test, and χ2 test. Results:There were 27 males and 13 females in the control group, aged (61.85 ± 16.85) years old. while 23 males and 17 females in the dispersed treatment group aged (60.90 ± 16.88) years old, and 23 males and 17 females in the concentrated treatment group aged (59.80 ± 13.58) years old. The duration of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension symptoms, recovery time of bowel sounds, recovery time of exhaust, and first meal time in the dispersed treatment group and concentrated treatment group were (38.58 ± 2.74), (17.45 ± 1.92), (38.76 ± 3.34), (50.04 ± 2.57) h and (36.79 ± 2.58), (16.48 ± 1.85), (36.98 ± 2.28), (48.25 ± 3.07) h, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (43.13 ± 3.56), (21.24 ± 2.50) (42.65 ± 3.78), (52.21 ± 3.15) h, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.38-9.68, all P<0.05). The duration of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension symptoms, recovery time of bowel sounds, recovery time of exhaust, and first meal time in the concentrated treatment group were shorter than those in the dispersed treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.31-3.01, all P<0.05). The time to get out of bed activity and hospitalization of patients in the dispersed treatment group and the concentrated treatment group were (5.83 ± 1.20) h, (9.90 ± 2.12) d and (7.35 ± 2.13) h, (8.30 ± 1.42) d, respectively. The control group was (4.39 ± 1.53) h and (14.93 ± 2.56) d, respectively. The time to get out of bed activity and hospitalization of patients in the dispersed treatment group and the concentrated treatment group were better than those in the control group, while the time to get out of bed activity and hospitalization of patients in the concentrated treatment group were better than those in the dispersed treatment group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -7.14-14.34, all P<0.05). The incidence of intestinal obstruction was 15.0% (6/40) in the control group, 5.0% (2/40) in the dispersed treatment group, and 0 in the concentrated treatment group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.50, P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of patients in the concentrated treatment group reached 100.00% (40/40), which was 92.5% (37/40) and 85.0% (34/40) in the dispersed treatment group and control group, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.49, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nursing intervention through ultrasound drug penetration therapy, especially centralized treatment, can significantly improve postoperative intestinal function, reduce postoperative gastrointestinal reactions, shorten hospitalization time, reduce postoperative complications, accelerate patient recovery, and provide effective nursing intervention plans for clinical practice. It is worth promoting and applying.
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Objective To study the changes of tinnitus after cochlear implantation in post-lingual adault recip-ients and analyze the factors that affect tinnitus.Methods A total of 47 postilingually-deafened adult subjects with tinnitus who underwent cochlear implantation at the Department of Otology,the first affiliated hospital of Zheng-zhou University,from January 2017 to December 2021.The subjects were evaluated using tinnitus handicap invento-ry(THI)and visual analogue scale(VAS)before cochlear implantation and 6 months after cochlear implant surger-y.Results Among 47 subjects who were eligible for this study,the THI scores were 36.94±13.337,14.48± 12.726,respectively,before CI and 6 months after cochlear implantation.The VAS scores were 5.13±1.676 be-fore and 2.34±1.903 after cochlear tmplantation.Statistical analysis showed significant differences in THI and VAS scores before and after cochlear implantation(P＜0.05).A total of 18 patients experienced complete tinnitus suppression,14 patients experienced alleviation of tinnitus,tinnitus remained unchanged in 13 patients,tinnitus worsened in 2 patients,and the overall efficiency was 66.0％(31/47).The tinnitus alleviation rate was signifant higher in the patients with tinnitus history of ≤5 years than the patients with tinnitus history of＞5 years(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in tinnitus alleviation between the patients with mild tinnitus and the patients with more than mild tinnitus before surgery(P＜0.001).Conclusion Cochlear implantation has an inhibitory effect on tinnitus in adults.Patients with shorter duration of the tinnitus and higher tinnitus handicap are more likely to experience tinnitus improvement after cochlear implantation.
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Methods:A total of 160 Wistar neonatal rats were assigned into normoxia group, HPH group, normoxia+PDGF-BB group, HPH+PDGF-BB group and HPH+PDGF-BB inhibitor (STI571) group using random number table method (32 rats in each group), each group was further assigned into 4 subgroups on d3, d7, d14 and d21 (8 rats in each subgroup). HPH model was established using nitrogen-oxygen mixture with an oxygen concentration of 10%±0.5%. PDGF-BB groups were injected with adenovirus encoding PDGF-BB in the tail vein. HPH+STI571 group was given STI571 intragastrically. On d3, d7, d14 and d21 after modeling, mean right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was examined. Morphological changes of small pulmonary arteries were observed using HE staining and indicators of pulmonary vascular remodeling calculated. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein levels of PDGF-BB, HIF-1α and proliferation-associated protein nuclear protein Ki67 in the pulmonary vasculature of each group. RT-qPCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of PDGF-BB, HIF-1α and Ki67 in lung tissue.Results:At all time points, RVSP was higher in the HPH group than the normoxia group ( P<0.05), higher in the HPH+PDGF-BB group than the HPH group ( P<0.05), and lower in the HPH+STI571 group than both the HPH+PDGF-BB group and the HPH group ( P<0.05). On d3 after modeling, pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred in the HPH+PDGF-BB group; on d7, pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred in the PDGF-BB group and the HPH group. Pulmonary vascular remodeling appeared later and to a lesser extent in the HPH+STI571 group than the other hypoxic groups. On d3, d7 and d21 after modeling, protein and mRNA levels of PDGF-BB, HIF-1α and Ki67 in the HPH+PDGF-BB group were higher than the other groups ( P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression levels of PDGF-BB, HIF-1α and Ki67 in the HPH+STI571 group were lower than the HPH+PDGF-BB group and the HPH group at all timepoints ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PDGF-BB up-regulates HIF-1α expression, participates in PASMC proliferation, exacerbates pulmonary vascular remodeling and increases pulmonary artery pressure in neonatal rats with HPH.Obiective:To study the roles of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and the mechanisms of regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression, promoting the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and participating in the remodeling of pulmonary vessels.
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Objective:To explore the risk factors for malnutrition after a tracheotomy and to construct a predictive model useful for its prevention through early intervention.Methods:Clinical data describing 440 tracheotomy patients were subjected to a retrospective analysis. The variables examined were age, sex, etiology, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), activities of daily living (ADL) score, age-corrected Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI), food intake, swallowing function, incidence of infections, as well as any history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking or alcohol consumption. Patients identified as being at risk of malnutrition (NRS-2002≥3) were screened using the Nutritional Risk Screening tool (NRS-2002) and the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism′s ESPEN2015 criteria. The subjects were thus categorized into a malnutrition group of 343 and a control group of 97. Unifactorial and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were performed, and stepwise regression was applied to include the factors found significant in the unifactorial analysis into the multifactorial logistic regression analysis, and to construct a column-line graph prediction model. The clinical utility of the model was assessed by applying the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves, calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results:Of the 440 persons studied, 343 (78%) were malnourished. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary infection, dysphagia, low GCS score and high aCCI score were significant risk factors for malnutrition after a tracheotomy. A prediction nomograph was constructed. After fitting and correcting, the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model′s ROC curve was 0.911, the specificity was 80.4%, and the sensitivity was 91.3%. That was significantly higher than the AUCs for pulmonary infection (0.809), dysphagia (0.697), aCCI (0.721) and GCS (0.802). Bootstrap self-sampling was used to verify the model internally. After 1000 samples the average absolute error between the predicted risk and the actual risk was 0.013, indicating good prediction ability. The DCA results demonstrated that the model has substantial clinical applicability across a range of nutritional interventions, particularly for threshold probability values ranging from 0 to 0.96.Conclusion:Pulmonary infection, dysphagia, low GCS score, and high aCCI score are risk factors for malnutrition among tracheotomy patients. The nomogram model constructed in this study has good predictive value for the occurrence of malnutrition among such patients.
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The education concepts of four famous traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） doctors（XIAO Longyou， SHI Jinmo， KONG Bohua and WANG Fengchun） in Beijing during the Republic of China were compared， the commonalities in their education concepts of TCM were sorted out， and the root system of the cultivation and growth of talents in TCM， as well as the direction and way of further development were searched， so as to improve the quality of the inheritance and development of TCM. Based on the systematic review of text and opinion method（SrTO） developed by the centre for evidence-based health care at the Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI） in Australia， this study was conducted to collate and analyze the relevant information， including 14 books， 115 journal papers and 7 documents. Related theory construction and practice of early tutor and academic education have been summarized from college， continuing and tutor education， academic research， examination， and so on. And then the connections and commonalities between the different forms of education in the period were summarized to form a SrTO-based narrative， opinion， text assessment and review instrument（NOTARI） summary table. The findings revealed that these four esteemed TCM doctors and educators， through their substantial influence on TCM education in Beijing， emphasized the importance of classics in teaching and clinical practice， underscored the cultivation of virtue， preserved the traditional teaching model， and championed the establishment of TCM schools. They also put forward novel requisites for the compilation of curricula， teaching materials， and books. Moreover， they advocated for a unified perspective on TCM and western medicine， fostering talent capable of bridging the gap between the two. They encouraged the standardization of TCM teaching examination system， and actively participated in scientific research and book writing. The four TCM doctors transcended the traditional boundaries of TCM practice， fostering a new TCM model of education-clinical-research， and profoundly influencing the contemporary TCM colleges and teacher education.
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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are liver-specific endothelial cells with the highest permeability than other mammalian endothelial cells, characterized by the presence of fenestrae on their surface, the absence of diaphragms and the lack of basement membrane. Located at the interface between blood and other liver cell types, LSECs mediate the exchange of substances between the blood and the Disse space, playing a crucial role in maintaining substance circulation and homeostasis of multicellular communication. As the initial responders to chronic liver injury, the abnormal LSEC activation not only changes their own physicochemical properties but also interrupts their communication with hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, which collectively aggravates the process of liver fibrosis. In this review, we have comprehensively updated the various pathways by which LSECs were involved in the initiation and aggravation of liver fibrosis, including but not limited to cellular phenotypic change, the induction of capillarization, decreased permeability and regulation of intercellular communications. Additionally, the intervention effects and latest regulatory mechanisms of anti-fibrotic drugs involved in each aspect have been summarized and discussed systematically. As we studied deeper into unraveling the intricate role of LSECs in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, we unveil a promising horizon that pave the way for enhanced patient outcomes.
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In recent years,with the rapid development and widespread popularity of smartphones,analytical sensors based on different action principles have provided an effective solution for forensic real-time detection.In this paper,the recent progress of smartphone-based systems of analytical sensors in forensic real-time detection was reviewed.The analytical principle,the performance of different analytical sensing,and their future perspectives were discussed respectively.
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Objective To investigate the application value of the MHSeqTyper47 kit in kinship identification.Methods Multiplexed amplification and library preparation were performed for DNA samples from 113 related individuals by using the MHSeqTyper47 kit.The libraries were sequenced on a MiSeq FGx sequencer,and the data were analyzed using MHTyper for microhaplotype genotyping.The kinship indexes were calculated to evaluate the application efficiency of this kit in kinship identification and compared with those of the GlobalFilerTM kit.Results For the MHSeqTyper47 kit,the CPI values in trio identification were 1.43× 1011～6.15×1018.The CPI values in duo identification were 1.02× 105～1.53× 1013.The CFSI values in full sibling identification were 7.73×101～2.59×1016.Trios,duos and full siblings could be completely distinguished from unrelated pairs.The combined efficiency of these two kits in 2nd-degree kinship identification was 0.466 2.Conclusion The application value of MHSeqTyper47 kit is relatively higher in the identification of lst-degree kinships.If jointly used with the GlobalFilerrM kit,2nd-degree kinship identification could be achieved in some cases.
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ObjectiveIn recent years, the negative impact of microgravity on astronauts’ nervous systems has received widespread attention. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) technology has shown significant positive effects in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The potential benefits of combined frequency stimulation (CFS) which combines different frequency stimulation patterns in ameliorating neurological dysfunctions induced by the microgravity environment, still require in-depth investigation. Exploring the therapeutic effects and electrophysiological mechanisms of CFS in improving various neurological disorders caused by microgravity holds significant importance for neuroscience and the clinical application of magnetic stimulation. MethodsThis study employed 40 C57BL/6 mice, randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, hindlimb unloading (HU) group, 10 Hz group, 20 Hz group, and combined frequency stimulation (10 Hz+20 Hz, CFS) group. Mice in all groups except the sham group received 14 d of simulated microgravity conditions along with 14 d of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The effects of CFS on negative emotions and spatial cognitive abilities were assessed through sucrose preference tests and water maze experiments. Finally, patch-clamp techniques were used to record action potentials, resting membrane potentials, and ion channel dynamics of granule neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. ResultsCompared to the single-frequency stimulation group, behavioral results indicated that the combined frequency stimulation (10 Hz+20 Hz) significantly improved cognitive impairments and negative emotions in simulated microgravity mice. Electrophysiological experiments revealed a decrease in excitability of granule neurons in the hippocampal DG region after HU manipulation, whereas the combined frequency stimulation notably enhanced neuronal excitability and improved the dynamic characteristics of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels. ConclusionThe repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with combined frequencies (10 Hz+20 Hz) effectively ameliorates cognitive impairments and negative emotions in simulated microgravity mice. This improvement is likely attributed to the influence of combined frequency stimulation on neuronal excitability and the dynamic characteristics of Na+ and K+ channels. Consequently, this study holds the promise to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating cognitive and emotional disorders induced by microgravity environments.
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Cells not only contain membrane-bound organelles (MBOs), but also membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by condensation of many biomacromolecules. Examples include RNA-protein granules such as nucleoli and PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in the nucleus, as well as stress granules and P-bodies in the cytoplasm. Phase separation is the basic organizing principle of the form of the condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) of biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalises and concentrates biological macromolecules into liquid condensates. It has been found that phase separation of biomacromolecules requires some typical intrinsic characteristics, such as intrinsically disordered regions, modular domains and multivalent interactions. The phase separation of biomacromolecules plays a key role in many important cell activities. In recent years, the phase separation of biomacromolecules phase has become a focus of research in gene transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulatory elements such as RNA polymerases, transcription factors (TFs), and super enhancers (SEs) all play important roles through phase separation. Our group has previously reported for the first time that long-term inactivation or absence of assembly factors leads to the formation of condensates of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) subunits in the cytoplasm, and this process is reversible, suggesting a novel regulatory model of eukaryotic transcription machinery. The phase separation of biomacromolecules provides a biophysical understanding for the rapid transmission of transcriptional signals by a large number of TFs. Moreover, phase separation during transcriptional regulation is closely related to the occurrence of cancer. For example, the activation of oncogenes is usually associated with the formation of phase separation condensates at the SEs. In this review, the intrinsic characteristics of the formation of biomacromolecules phase separation and the important role of phase separation in transcriptional regulation are reviewed, which will provide reference for understanding basic cell activities and gene regulation in cancer.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphism and structure of 47 autosomal microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the forensic efficiencies and forensic parameters. MethodsThe DNA library of unrelated individual samples was prepared according to MHSeqTyper47 kit manual and sequenced on the MiSeq FGx platform. Microhaplotype genotyping and sequencing depth statistics were processed using MHTyper. The genetic information of samples was then evaluated. The fixation index and genetic distance between the Jiangsu Changshu population and the reference populations in the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 (1KG) were calculated, and forensic parameters were evaluated. ResultsThe fixation index and genetic distance between the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu, and the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) reference population in 1KG were the lowest. The effective allele number (Ae) of each locus is also the closest between the two populations. The combined matching probability (CMP) of the Changshu Han population is close to the 5 populations of the East Asian reference super-population in 1KG, which is 1.25×10-36, and the combined probability of exclusion reached 0.999 999 999 964 1. ConclusionThis study reported the genetic polymorphism and allele frequency of 47 microhaplotypes in a Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. This information provides a data basis for 47 microhaplotypes in forensic applications. In addition, the polymorphism differences between the 1KG reference population and the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu were compared, and the genetic structure of 47 microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu was revealed. In general, the reference data of the East Asian super-population in 1KG is more in line with the genetic characteristics of Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu.
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AIM: To optimize the technique of intravenous injection of Evans blue and retinal preparations in mice, improving the accuracy and repeatability of staining experiment of retinal preparations.METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were intravenous injected with 10g/L(1%)Evans Blue 0.3mL and circulated in vivo for 10 or 20min, and the eyes were removed after sacrificed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20, 40 or 60min. When failure of intravenous injection, the experiment was remediated by intraperitoneal injection of 1% Evans Blue 0.3mL, circulated in vivo for 3h and fixed for 60min to observe morphology, distribution and leakage of the retinal vessels. Besides, we compared the morphology, distribution and leakage of the retinal vessels after intravenous injection with those after intraperitoneal injection to determine the optimal conditions for in vivo circulation time and retinal preparations.RESULTS: After intravenous injection, compared to the retinal vascular condition under 20min in vivo circulation time of Evans blue and 20 or 40min of fixation, with 10min of in vivo Evans blue circulation and 60min of fixation, the morphology of retinal vascular was more intact with less retinal vascular leakage, and the vascular branches are clear. When intravenous injection failed, remediated results from intraperitoneal injection showed that the morphology and distribution of retinal vessels were intact. There was no significant difference in morphology, distribution and leakage of the retinal vessels after 3h of intraperitoneal Evans blue circulation compared to 10min intravenous Evans blue circulation.CONCLUSION: This experiment optimizes the protocol, improves the accuracy and reproducibility of retinal preparations, and provides a reference for the study of related retinal vascular diseases.
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Accurate source localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is the primary condition of surgical removal of EZ. The traditional localization results based on three-dimensional ball model or standard head model may cause errors. This study intended to localize the EZ by using the patient-specific head model and multi-dipole algorithms using spikes during sleep. Then the current density distribution on the cortex was computed and used to construct the phase transfer entropy functional connectivity network between different brain areas to obtain the localization of EZ. The experiment result showed that our improved methods could reach the accuracy of 89.27% and the number of implanted electrodes could be reduced by (19.34 ± 7.15)%. This work can not only improve the accuracy of EZ localization, but also reduce the additional injury and potential risk caused by preoperative examination and surgical operation, and provide a more intuitive and effective reference for neurosurgeons to make surgical plans.
الموضوعات
Humans , Scalp , Brain Mapping/methods , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Electroencephalography/methods , Brainالملخص
Objective To explore influences of the taper and connecting rib form on supporting performance of the stent, and provide an important scientific basis for structural design and clinical selection of the tapered stent. Methods A nonlinear finite element model for radial support performance of a novel balloon-expandable tapered stent was constructed, and the radial stiffness (RS) and stress distributions of the stent at different tapers (0°, 0.565°and 1.13°) and with different structural forms of stent linker (V-shape, I-shape, C-shape, S-shape, M-shape) were analyzed by plane compression. The relationship between structural design of the vascular stent and its radial support performance was studied. Results The RS of 0°stent, 0.565°stent, 1.13° stent was 2.51, 1.61, 0.85 N/mm, respectively. The RS of 0.565°stent and 1.13° stent was 35.86% and 66.14% lower than that of 0°stent (round straight stent), respectively. Except that the RS of C-shape linker stent was 1.48 N/mm, the RS of I, M, S and V-shape linker stents was not significantly different, which was 2.51, 2.61, 2.41, 2.52 N/mm, respectively, indicating that radial compression resistance of these four linker stents was almost the same. Conclusions Compared with traditional round straight stents, the RS of tapered stents will decrease, and the RS of stents will gradually decrease with the the taper increasing. Among all stent types in this study, except C-shape linker stents, the RS of other linker shapes has little effect on the RS of stents. The radial support performance of the stent can be improved by reducing the taper of the tapered stent, without changing the form of stent connecting ribs.
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Objective:To analyze the clinical features and etiological results of neonatal central nervous system(CNS) infection and provide basis for optimization of pathogen detection strategy for CNS infection.Methods:We collected the clinical and laboratory data of hospitalized neonates with clinical diagnosis of CNS infection in the neonatal department at Hebei Provincial Children′s Hospital, from January 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021.The clinical manifestations of the enrolled neonates, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)pathogens detected by conventional and molecular biological detection techniques were analyzed.Laboratory characteristics of different kinds of pathogen were compared.Results:A total of 101 eligible neonates were enrolled.The median gestational age was 38.8(36.2, 39.6)weeks, with a prematurity rate 26.7%.There were 68 boys.The median age of onset was 9(2, 14)days.Blood culture was positive in 19(18.8%) cases, including 17 cases of bacteria and two cases of fungus.Positive findings were found in CSF specimens of 33(32.7%)cases by various methods including 13 bacteria, 19 viruses and one fungi.Streptococcus group B and Escherichia coli were the first two bacteria in CSF.Enterovirus was the most common virus in CSF.In terms of detection methods of CSF pathogens, seven cases(7/101, 6.9%) were detected by CSF culture, two cases(2/21, 9.5%)by smear, 22 cases(22/45, 48.9%)by single-virus targeted/multiplex polymerase chain reaction and four cases(4/7, 57.1%)by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.The CSF white blood cell counts, protein levels and blood C-reactive protein levels were higher in the cases with bacteria/fungi detection from CNS infection than in those with virus detection( P<0.05). Almost all neonates(98/101, 97.0%)were clinically cured or significantly improved before discharge.Two neonates were discharged against medical advice and one neonate was transferred to the other hospital after clinical improvement. Conclusion:Combined use of conventional and molecular biological detection techniques can significantly improve the etiological positive rate of neonatal CNS infection.Viral infection is not rare in the neonatal population.Our study demonstrated the spectrum of organism causing neonatal CNS infection, which provided a basis for the optimization of pathogen detection strategy.
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Objective:To compare the effects of staged percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)after emergency PCI and emergency culprit-only PCI on clinical outcomes of elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and multivessel disease.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 389 elderly patients with STEMI and multivessel lesions, aged ≥70 years and within 12 h of onset, admitted to the Clinical College of Thoracic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, between January 2014 and September 2019.According to different revascularization strategies, enrolled patients were divided into the culprit-only PCI group(79.18%, 308)and the staged PCI group(20.82%, 81). Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to compare the incidences of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE), all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke and ischemia-driven revascularization between the two groups and to evaluate the effects of different revascularization strategies on MACCE and all-cause death.Then subgroup analysis was performed.Results:During a 56-month follow-up, 131 patients developed MACCE and 96 patients died.Compared with the culprit-only PCI group, the staged PCI group had a lower risk of MACCE( HR: 0.404, 95% CI: 0.227-0.716, P=0.002), all-cause death( HR: 0.354, 95% CI: 0.171-0.730, P=0.005), cardiac death( HR: 0.363, 95% CI: 0.157-0.838, P=0.018), and recurrent myocardial infarction( HR: 0.229, 95% CI: 0.055-0.953, P=0.043). There was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke or ischemia-driven revascularization between the two groups( P>0.05). The reduced risk with staged PCI for MACCE and for all-cause mortality persisted in all subgroups.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that, after adjusting for confounding factors, staged PCI was an independent protective factor for MACCE( HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.239-0.815, P=0.009)and for all-cause death( HR: 0.390, 95% CI: 0.90, P=0.020). Conclusion:Compared with culprit-only PCI, staged PCI can significantly improve the long-term prognosis of elderly patients ≥70 years with STEMI and multivessel disease within 12 h of onset.
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Objective:To investigate whether interleukin(IL)-1β is involved in pyroptosis which leads to mouse islet β cell line βTC-6 cell damage, and to explore the role of JNK inhibitor SP600125 in inhibiting IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis.Methods:βTC-6 cell line and mouse islets were incubated with IL-1β for 48 h or intervened with both JNK inhibitor SP600125 and IL-1R antagonist IL-1Ra, then GSDMD expression and β cell pyroptosis morphology were detected by immunofluorescence staining of GSDMD and DAPI. The expression levels of Gsdmd, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNAs were detected by real time fluorescence PCR, and apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V/7-AAD staining combined with flow cytometry.Results:βTC-6 cell pyroptotic body was significantly increased in the IL-1β treated group compared with the control group, and the expressions of pyroptosis related genes Gsdmd, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA were significantly higher( P<0.05), and apoptosis was increased, suggesting that IL-1β effectively induced the βTC-6 cell pyroptosis, IL-1Ra prevented IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis. In the presence of JNK inhibitor SP600125, IL-1β treatment failed to induce the expressions of Gsdmd and IL-18 mRNA, markers of pyroptosis, and reduced the rate of apoptosis, indicating that SP600125 suppressed IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis. Conclusion:Pyroptosis is one of the mechanisms of βTC-6 cell impairment caused by IL-1β, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, can block the IL-1β induced pyroptosis pathway and has a potential role in inhibiting βTC-6 cell pyroptosis.
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Objective:To analyze epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for further elimination of leprosy.Methods:Data collation and statistical analysis were conducted on annual reports on leprosy epidemic surveillance in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions) from 2016 to 2020.Results:From 2016 to 2020, a total of 2 697 new cases of leprosy were reported in China, including 46 (1.71%) children, 894 (33.15%) females, 374 (13.87%) floating people, 2 443 (90.58%) multibacillary cases, and 546 (20.24%) cases of grade 2 disabilities. A total of 203 relapsed cases were reported in the meantime. By the end of 2020, there had been 1 893 registered leprosy cases in China, and the number of cases was 68.62% fewer than that in 2010 (6 032 cases) ; there were 36 (1.2%) counties or cities with a prevalence rate above 1 per 100 000, and 72 (17.73%) new cases suffered from grade 2 disabilities.Conclusion:From 2016 to 2020, the reported incidence and prevalence of leprosy in China steadily decreased year by year, and overall, leprosy was still lowly prevalent.
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Objective:To establish and identify a high-throughput culture platform for induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiated kidney organoids.Methods:Human urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were selected and plated at a suitable cell density, and differentiated using small molecule compounds such as CHIR99021/fibroblast growth factor 9/heparin during day 1-6. On day 7, cells with appropriate density were digested and resuspended, than added to a 96-well 3D culture plate for 24 hours. After the cells formed spheroids, fibroblast growth factor 9 and heparin were added to induce differentiation till day 24. The immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare the differences of kidney organoids obtained by the reported differentiation protocol (transwell protocol) method and high-throughput culture platform.Results:Kidney organoids were successfully differentiated by two protocols. Immunofluorescence results showed that LTL, GATA-3, and synaptopodin, which were major kidney cell markers, were all expressed, and mature renal organoids were formed. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the kidney organoids successfully developed foot processes, the unique cellular feature of the glomerular podocytes, which were evenly distributed and neatly interspersed with each other. At the same intermediate mesodermal cell count of 1.0×10 7, approximately 7 renal organoids were obtained by the transwell protocol, while approximately 1 000 renal organoids were obtained by the high-throughput culture platform. Conclusion:A high-throughput culture platform for kidney organoids is successfully established, and a large amount of mature kidney organoids with complete structure and function can be obtained. The differentiation efficiency of kidney organoids is greatly improved.