An Anterior Cingulate Cortex-to-Midbrain Projection Controls Chronic Itch in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. While acute itch serves as a protective system to warn the body of external irritating agents, chronic itch is a debilitating but poorly-treated clinical disease leading to repetitive scratching and skin lesions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of chronic itch remain mysterious. Here, we identified a cell type-dependent role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controlling chronic itch-related excessive scratching behaviors in mice. Moreover, we delineated a neural circuit originating from excitatory neurons of the ACC to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that was critically involved in chronic itch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ACC→VTA circuit also selectively modulated histaminergic acute itch. Finally, the ACC neurons were shown to predominantly innervate the non-dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Taken together, our findings uncover a cortex-midbrain circuit for chronic itch-evoked scratching behaviors and shed novel insights on therapeutic intervention.

Down-regulation of SIK2 expression alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting autophagy through the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats.@*METHODS@#Fifteen male SD rats were randomized equally into sham operation group, myocardial IR model group, and SIK2 inhibitor group (in which the rats were treated with intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg bosutinib via the left femoral vein 24 h before modeling). Ultrasound was used to detect the cardiac function of the rats, and myocardial pathologies were observed with HE staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagy of myocardial cells, and Western blotting was performed to detect the contents of the autophagy-related proteins SIK2, LC3B, Beclin-1, p62 and the expressions of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ULK1, and ULK1 in myocardial tissue.@*RESULTS@#Myocardial IR injury significantly increased the number of autophagosomes (P < 0.05) and the expression of SIK2 protein (P < 0.01) in the myocardial tissues. Treatment with bosutinib before modeling obviously lowered the expression of SIK2 protein (P < 0.01), alleviated myocardial pathologies, and reduced the number of autophagosomes (P < 0.05) in the myocardial tissue. The rats with myocardial IR injury showed obviously lowered LVEF and FS values (P < 0.001), which were significantly improved by bosutinib treatment (P < 0.05); no significant difference was detected in IVSDd or LVPWDd among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Myocardial IR injury obviously increased the expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 proteins and lowered the expression of p62 protein (P < 0.01), and these changes were significantly rescued by bosutinib treatment (P < 0.05). The rat models of myocardial IR injury showed significantly increased expression of p-ULK1 (Ser757) (P < 0.01) and lowered expression of p-mTOR protein (P < 0.0001) in the myocardium, and these changes were obviously reversed by bosutinib (P < 0.01 or 0.05); there was no significant difference in mTOR and ULK1 expressions among the 3 groups (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#SIK2 may promote autophagy through the mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting SIK2 can reduce abnormal autophagy and alleviate myocardial IR injury in rats.

Postsynaptic Targeting and Mobility of Membrane Surface-Localized hASIC1a / 神经科学通报·英文版

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), the main H

Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for large colorectal tumors / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of colorectal tumors, and to analyze the factors affecting the therapeutic efficacy of ESD.Methods:Clinical data of patients with colorectal tumors who were treated with ESD in Department of Gastroenterology in Beijing Hospital from November 2016 to December 2019 were reviewed. A total of 82 patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal adenoma or carcinoma of diameter ≥20 mm were included. The clinical features, ESD and pathological outcomes of the patients were analyzed.Results:All 82 lesions were single, with the mean diameter of 29.72±10.74 mm. Lesions were divided into the laterally spreading tumors (LST), mainly located in the ascending colon and ileocecal region (47.8%, 22 / 46) and the protruding colorectal tumors, mainly located in the left colon, 52.8% (19 / 36) of which were located in the sigmoid colon. The overall resection rate was 81.7%(67/82) and the curative resection rate was 72.0%(59/82). The incidences of bleeding and perforation were 2.4%(2/82) and 1.2%(1/82), respectively. The curative resection rates [91.4%(32/35), 63.6%(7/11) and 55.6%(20/36), P=0.003] and surgical operation rates [8.6%(3/35), 18.2%(2/11) and 36.1%(13/36), P=0.010] of LST-G, LST-NG and protruding colorectal tumors were significantly different. Multivariate regression analysis showed that protruding colorectal tumor ( OR=3.396, 95% CI: 1.014-11.374, P=0.047) and submucosal severe fibrosis (F2 type) ( OR=5.508, 95% CI: 2.216-13.692, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for non-curative ESD resection of colorectal tumors. Conclusion:ESD is effective and safe for colorectal tumors of diameter ≥ 20 mm. However, there are some differences in the rate of submucosal invasion and treatment outcome among different types of lesions. The risk factors for non-curative resection are protruding tumors and severe submucosal fibrosis.

Treatment of postprandial discomfort syndrome in the elderly: a multi-centered prospective randomized controlled clinical study / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets (Combizym ?) in the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in the elderly, compared with gastrointestinal motility drugs. Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-16008185). The elderly patients with PDS were randomly divided into three groups, including Mosapride group with Mosapride citrate tablets 5 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; Combizym ? group with Combizym tablets 244 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; combined treatment group with both drugs and same doses for 2 weeks. The modified Nepean dyspepsia index (NDSI) score, discomfort intensity score and PDS score were calculated on patients before treatment, at the end of first and second week of treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment finished, respectively. Adverse effects were evaluated. Results:A total of 323 patients from 16 tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this study. Among them, 105 patients were in Mosapride group, 109 in Combizym ? group and 109 in combined treatment group. There were 148 males (45.8%) and 175 females (54.2%) with median age 71.4±9.0 years (60-100 years). Baseline characteristics of three groups were comparable. After treatment, the NDSI scores in three groups all decreased significantly ( P<0.001), while they were similar between groups ( P>0.05). The discomfort intensity score and PDS score in three groups showed a significant reduction after treatment ( P<0.001), especially in the combined treatment group. Compared with Mosapride group, the scores in Combizym ? group decreased significantly after one or two weeks [discomfort intensity score: after one week, 4.0(2.5, 8.0) vs. 6.0(3.0, 10.0); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 6.0); all P<0.05. PDS score: after one week, 6.0(3.0, 9.0) vs. 7.0(3.5, 10.5); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 7.0); all P<0.05]. The efficacy rate in all patients after first week of treatment was over 15.0%. The efficacy rates after two weeks were 55.2%, 68.8% and 73.4% in Mosapride group, Combizym ? group and combined treatment group, respectively. After two week treatment, the efficacy rates in Combizym ? group ( P=0.041) and combined group ( P=0.006) were higher than that of Mosapride group. The recurrence rate of Mosapride group was 9.5%, which was significantly higher than that of Combizym ? group (1.8%, P<0.05) and combined treatment group (1.8%, P<0.05). There were no serious adverse effects in the three groups. Conclusions:The efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets is comparable with that of Mosapride in elderly PDS patients, with fewer adverse effects and low recurrence rate. Combination regimen indicates better efficacy than that of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets or Mosapride alone.

Treatment of postprandial discomfort syndrome in the elderly: a multi-centered prospective randomized controlled clinical study / 中华内科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets (Combizym®) in the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in the elderly, compared with gastrointestinal motility drugs.@*Methods@#A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-16008185). The elderly patients with PDS were randomly divided into three groups, including Mosapride group with Mosapride citrate tablets 5 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; Combizym® group with Combizym tablets 244 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; combined treatment group with both drugs and same doses for 2 weeks. The modified Nepean dyspepsia index (NDSI) score, discomfort intensity score and PDS score were calculated on patients before treatment, at the end of first and second week of treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment finished, respectively. Adverse effects were evaluated.@*Results@#A total of 323 patients from 16 tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this study. Among them, 105 patients were in Mosapride group, 109 in Combizym® group and 109 in combined treatment group. There were 148 males (45.8%) and 175 females (54.2%) with median age 71.4±9.0 years (60-100 years). Baseline characteristics of three groups were comparable. After treatment, the NDSI scores in three groups all decreased significantly (P<0.001), while they were similar between groups (P>0.05). The discomfort intensity score and PDS score in three groups showed a significant reduction after treatment (P<0.001), especially in the combined treatment group. Compared with Mosapride group, the scores in Combizym® group decreased significantly after one or two weeks [discomfort intensity score: after one week, 4.0(2.5, 8.0) vs. 6.0(3.0, 10.0); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 6.0); all P<0.05. PDS score: after one week, 6.0(3.0, 9.0) vs. 7.0(3.5, 10.5); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 7.0); all P<0.05]. The efficacy rate in all patients after first week of treatment was over 15.0%. The efficacy rates after two weeks were 55.2%, 68.8% and 73.4% in Mosapride group, Combizym® group and combined treatment group, respectively. After two week treatment, the efficacy rates in Combizym® group (P=0.041) and combined group (P=0.006) were higher than that of Mosapride group. The recurrence rate of Mosapride group was 9.5%, which was significantly higher than that of Combizym® group (1.8%, P<0.05) and combined treatment group (1.8%, P<0.05). There were no serious adverse effects in the three groups.@*Conclusions@#The efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets is comparable with that of Mosapride in elderly PDS patients, with fewer adverse effects and low recurrence rate. Combination regimen indicates better efficacy than that of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets or Mosapride alone.

Gastrointestinal Involvement in Systemic Diseases: Part Ⅱ / 胃肠病学

The main functions of gastrointestinal tract are intake, transport and digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and excretion of wastes. The structure and function of gastrointestinal tract can be influenced directly or indirectly by diseases originated from other systems such as endocrine system, nervous system, and other organs including kidney, heart, and lung etc. When approaching patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, besides gastrointestinal diseases, other organ and systemic diseases should also be considered. This article reviewed the gastrointestinal manifestations of diseases originated from endocrine system, nervous system, urinary system, respiratory system, circulation system, and some special diseases including critical illness and infiltrative diseases for improving the understanding of gastrointestinal involvement in systemic diseases.

Effect of overexpression of microRNA-21-5p on early apoptosis of typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells in rats with hyperoxic acute lung injury / 中华危重病急救医学

To investigate the effect of overexpression of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) on early apoptosis of type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) in rats with hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI). Methods The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON group), hyperoxia group (H group), overexpression group (OE group) and empty vector group (EV group), with 20 rats in each group. HALI animal model was made by inhaling high concentration oxygen (oxygen concentration ≥90%); CON group was arranged to inhale room air. The miR-21-5p adeno-associated virus-6 (AAV-6) overexpression vectors or empty vectors were dripped into the lungs of OE group and EV group through tracheal tube, respectively. The hyperoxia model was prepared after 3 weeks of feeding. At 0, 24, 48 and 60 hours after making model, 5 rats were selected to detect lung injury parameters:oxygenation index (OI), respiratory index (RI), wet/dry ratio (W/D), pathological injury score of lung tissue; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21-5p in AECⅡ, and flow cytometry was used to detect the early apoptotic rate of AECⅡ. Results ① The lung injury parameters: in H group, the OI gradually decreased with time, but the RI, lung W/D ratio and pathological score increased gradually with time, the difference between CON group was statistically significant at 24 hours [OI (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa):336.04±5.79 vs. 400.22±19.70, RI: 0.20±0.02 vs. 0.10±0.06, lung W/D ratio: 5.04±0.09 vs. 4.85±0.09, lung tissue pathological score: 0.13±0.01 vs. 0.07±0.01, all P < 0.05]. It indicated that HALI model could be successfully established by inhaling high concentration oxygen continuously. ② The expression of miR-21-5p: the miR-21-5p was gradually increased in H, OE and EV groups, and the expression of miR-21-5p was significantly higher than that in CON group at 24, 48 and 60 hours. Compared with H group, the expression of miR-21-5p was significantly increased further in OE group at 0, 24, 48 and 60 hours (2-ΔΔCt: 3.75±0.11 vs. 0.98±0.14, 3.98±0.12 vs. 1.18±0.13, 4.28±0.18 vs. 1.49±0.06, 4.66±0.12 vs. 1.80±0.12, all P < 0.05). ③ The early apoptosis of AECⅡ: the early apoptosis rate gradually increased with time in H, OE and EV groups, and the early apoptosis of AECⅡ was significantly higher than that in CON group at 24, 48 and 60 hours. Compared with H group, the early apoptosis rate was significantly decreased in OE group at 24, 48 and 60 hours [(1.22±0.63)% vs. (2.84±0.59)%, (5.76±0.18)% vs. (13.10±2.01)%, (29.48±0.48)% vs. (49.04±1.36)%, all P < 0.05]. ④ There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-21-5p and the early apoptosis of AECⅡ cells between EV group and H group at each time point. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-21-5p could inhibit the early apoptosis of AECⅡ in rats with HALI.

The clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment on adrenal metastases (report of 55 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics of adrenal metastases,and summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment.Methods From January 2008 to June 2018,the clinical data of 55 patients with adrenal metastases treated in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.This study included 34 male patients and 21 female patients and the median age was 60 years old (ranged 55 to 84 years old).The median value of maximum diameter of adrenal metastases was 3 cm (ranged 1.9 to 10.3 cm);with 35 cases on the left side,13 cases right and 7 cases bilateral.The primary sites of malignant tumors were pancreas (18 cases,32.7％),lung (12 cases,21.8％),liver (6 cases,10.9％) and colorectum (6 cases,10.9％),respectively.Thirty-four cases were confirmed by pathology after adrenalectomy and 21 cases were confirmed by needle biopsy.Thirty cases were diagnosed synchronously with the primary tumor and 25 cases were metachronous.The median time from diagnosis of primary tumors was 13.3 months (ranged 2.0 to 97.4 months).42 cases of these 55 cases were diagnosed within one year.Treatment options for adrenal metastatic lesions included single adrenalectomy in 18 cases,adrenalectomy combined with radiotherapy 16 cases,single intravenous chemotherapy 10 cases,intravenous chemotherapy combined with non-operative treatment 10 cases and single radiotherapy 1 case.Results The main pathological types were adenocarcinoma (19 cases,34.5％),ductal adenocarcinoma (10 cases,18.2％),hepatocellular carcinoma (6 cases,10.9％) and clear cell carcinoma (4 cases,7.3％).Two cases were lost follow-up and the follow-up rate was 96％,the median follow-up time was 8 months (ranged 1 to 135 months).The median overall survival (OS) time of 55 patients was 5.3 months (ranged 1 to 134 months).The one-year survival rate was 23.6％ (13/55),the two-year survival rate was 12.7％ (7/55),the three-year survival rate was 9.1％ (5/55) and the five-year survival rate was 1.8％ (1/55).Conclusions Pancreatic cancer was the most common type of malignant tumor for adrenal metastases in our hospital.Most primary tumors and adrenal metastases were diagnosed synchronously or within one year.Comprehensive treatment with retroperitoneal adrenalectomy may improve the OS,however the overall prognosis is poor.

Ethical issues in the development of medical artificial intelligence and solutions / 医学研究生学报

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the medical field is also facing social ethical challenges while promoting changes in the field of health services. To realize the healthy development of medical artificial intelligence, we must consider the ethical issues inherent in the application of artificial intelligence technology in medical services. The article analyzes the ethical issues brought about by medical artificial intelligence from the aspects of security, doctor’s principal status, doctor-patient relationship, and fair benefit. By implementing special supervision, clarifying the principal status of doctors, and strengthening ethical protocols, the application of artificial intelligence in medical services will be guided to promote artificial intelligence to better improve the service capabilities and quality of healthcare system.

Cell-Type Identification in the Autonomic Nervous System / 神经科学通报·英文版

The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved. One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.

The relationship between gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which is a kind of irritable liver injury related to genetic and environmental factors,is considered as the manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver.Gut microbiota plays an important role in the intestinal environment.In recent years,increased numbers of studies have suggested that the imbalance of intestinal flora is closely related to NAFLD.This paper is to review the mechanism of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and to comment on gut microbiota-targeting new treatment of NAFLD by regulating the intestinal flora.

Efficacy of probiotics on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华内科杂志

Objective To study the clinical effect of probiotics in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 200 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (routine treatment group) and combined treatment group A, B and C. Each group had equal patients. The control group received orally polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules; whereas combined group A, B and C were given orally the live"combined Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus and Enterococcus powder","two live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus", and the both probiotics respectively. The duration of treatment was 1 month. Laboratory parameters were evaluated before treatment and thirtieth day after treatment, including cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood glucose (FPG), serum high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-APN) and serum TNFα. Meanwhile the faece sample was collected for routine test and bacterial culture. Liver ultrasound scan was done in all patients. Results In terms of blood lipids and blood glucose, each group improved after treatment with significant differences(P<0.05)except for HDL-C. As for liver function, serum ALT and AST decreased after treatment in each group; especially in combined group C which were lower than those of control group [(33.7±7.6) U/L vs. (45.0±8.5) U/L; (22.0±1.6) U/L vs. (29.4±3.7) U/L; P<0.05]. TNFα levels decreased after treatment in each group, in addition the values in combined group C was significantly lower than that of control group[(0.51 ± 0.27) μg/L vs. (0.82 ± 0.28) μg/L, P<0.05]. Serum HMW-APN increased after treatment in each group, and the HMW-APN in combined C group was significantly higher than that of control group[(9.28 ± 3.72) μg/L vs. (7.87 ± 3.96)μg/L, P<0.05].(5)After treatment, all groups showed improvement of fatty liver by ultrasound, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant.(6)Compared with before treatment, fecal flora in combined groups was all reduced (P<0.01), but it was comparable before and after treatment in control group. Conclusions Probiotics improve intestinal microecological system in NAFLD patients via inhibiting TNFα and enhancing adiponectin, possibly resulting in regulating blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and protecting liver injury from NAFLD.

Qualitative research on pain experiences of adult burn patients / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore the pain experiences of adult burn patients so as to lay foundation for practical analgesic measures.@*Methods@#Using phenomenological method in qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted on 12 adult burn patients hospitalized in our burn units from May to November 2015, aiming at pain experiences from immediately after burns to 3 to 7 months after being discharged from hospital. Then the Colaizzi′s analysis method was applied to analyze, induce, and refine themes of interview data.@*Results@#After analysis, pain experiences of adult burn patients were generalized into 6 themes: deep pain experiences, heavy psychological burden, limited daily life, poor assessment and treatment of pain, different attributions of pain, and different ways of coping of pain.@*Conclusions@#Burn pain brings harm to the patients′ physiology, mentality, and daily life. Nevertheless, pain processing modes of medical staff and patients themselves are the key factors affecting patients′ pain experiences. Therefore, according to the deficiency of current situation of pain management, the targeted analgesic intervention measures should be carried out from the perspectives of medical staff and patients.

Current status of acceptance of disability and hope level in burn patients and the correlation / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate current status of acceptance of disability and hope level in burn patients and the correlation.@*Methods@#Totally 216 hospitalized burn patients conforming to the study criteria were admitted to Department of Burns of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. Self-made General Information Questionnaire, Acceptance of Disability Scale-Revised and Herth Hope Index score were adopted to investigate condition of acceptance of disability and hope level of burn patients with different general information and to record the score, score of acceptance of disability and the dimensions, score of hope level and the dimensions of 216 patients. Correlation between scores of acceptance of disability and hope level and their dimensions was analyzed. Data were processed with t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis.@*Results@#(1) Scores of acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with different age, gender, and relationship status were close (t=-1.299, -0.249, -1.142, -0.315, F=1.168, 2.362, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in score of acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with different burn sequela, inhalation injury, education level, population category, home address, burn degree, and burn depth (t=9.581, 7.854, -8.385, -7.972, F=2.989, 2.958, 7.759, 4.928, 8.099, 8.489, 44.942, 32.071, 8.221, 5.570, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) Score of acceptance of disability of patients was (70.4±19.0) points, which was in medium level. Among 4 dimensions of acceptance of disability of patients, dimension of expansion of values scope had the highest score [(22.1±6.0) points], and it was followed by dimension of transformation from comparison value to fixed value [(20.1±5.9) points] and dimension of tolerance for disability′s influence [(18.9±6.3) points], and dimension of subordination to body shape had the lowest score [(9.3±2.8) points]. (3) Score of hope level of patients was (31.2±7.8) points, which was in medium level. Among 3 dimensions of hope level, dimension of keeping close relationship with other people had the highest score [(10.8±2.6) points], and it was followed by dimension of taking positive action [(10.6±2.5) points], and dimension of positive attitude to reality and future had the lowest score [(9.9±3.1) points]. (4) There were significantly positive correlations between scores of acceptance of disability and its dimensions and hope level and its dimensions of patients (with r values from 0.522 to 0.884, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Burn patients with different general information have different scores of acceptance of disability and hope level. Acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with burns need to be improved, and there is significantly positive correlation between acceptance of disability and hope level.

Investigation and analysis of the difference between the nursing needs of adult burn patients and nurses′ cognition / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore the difference between the nursing needs of burn patients and nurses′ cognition in order to adjust the nursing service behavior and improve the nursing quality.@*Methods@#The convenience sampling method was adopted to select 400 burn inpatients admitted to the Department of Burns of the 180th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from January to September 2017, and 38 nurses from the same department were selected by cluster sampling method. On the day of or the day before hospital discharge after instruction to discharging patients, the self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate the nursing needs of patients during hospitalization. The cognitive differences between patients and nurses in the overall level and specific dimensions of nursing needs were compared, and items of the nursing needs of patients which were higher than the cognition of nurses with statistically significant differences were recorded. The five most important nursing needs items considered by both patients and nurses were recorded and compared. Data were processed with independent sample t test.@*Results@#The effective recovery rates of questionnaire for patients and nurses were 94.8% (379/400) and 100.0% (38/38), respectively. The total score of patients′ nursing needs was (3.9±0.4) points, which was similar to (4.1±0.5) points of nurses′ cognition of patients′ nursing needs (t=1.611, P>0.05). The scores of patients′ physiological needs and self-esteem needs dimensions were (4.0±0.6) and (3.9±0.6) points, respectively, significantly lower than (4.2±0.4) and (4.3±0.5) points of nurses (t=-2.476, -4.160, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of patients′ safety needs, love and belonging needs, and self-realization needs dimensions were similar to those of nurses (t=0.228, 1.356, -1.010, P>0.05). The scores of the patients in nursing needs items of the introduction of patients in the same room, medical staff accompanying them during the examination, leisure and recreational activities, the theoretical and technical proficiency of nurses, the guidance of anti-scar exercise, and the propaganda of drug knowledge were respectively (4.2±0.9), (3.3±1.2), (4.2±0.9), (4.5±0.7), (4.2±0.9), and (4.0±1.0) points, significantly higher than (3.5±0.9), (2.7±1.0), (3.5±1.3), (4.1±0.8), (3.8±1.0), and (3.6±0.9) points of the nurses (t=4.147, 3.515, 3.374, 3.282, 2.546, 2.265, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The five most important items for patients and nurses were pain nursing, the theoretical and technical proficiency of nurses, treating patients equally, instruction to discharging patients, timely visiting wards and privacy protection, pain nursing, introduction of medical staff, introduction of safety issues, getting the daily expenses listing, respectively. Only pain nursing was the same between patients and nurses.@*Conclusions@#There are some differences between burn patients and nurses in the dimensions and items of nursing needs and the most important items of nursing needs. Nursing staff should focus on improving the nursing service items with insufficient cognition, adjusting the service supply, meeting the reasonable needs of patients, and improving the nursing satisfaction of patients.

Analysis of UU,CT, NG and MG in Infertile Women and Comparison of Different Detection Methods / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens in the genital tract of infertile female,and comparing traditional methods with simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in the detection of UU,CT,NG and MG.Methods 467 female infertility patients were selected from the reproductive center of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between June and September 2016 to analyze the distribution of UU,CT,MG and NG.The age was between 20 to 48 years old (mean 31.52±6.83 years old).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected,aged from 21 to 46 years old (mean 30.67±6.67 years old).The swabs were tested by traditional methods or SAT.The sensitivity and specificity of the methods in detecting the pathogens were evaluated according to the experimental results.Results Among the 467 infertile women,the number of UU positive cases was the highest,the positive rate was 62.53％ (292/467),the positive rate of CT was 1.93％ (9/467) and the positive rate of NG was 0.21％ (1/467),and the positive rate of MG was 1.71％ (8/467).UU infection rate was higher in infertile women than normal control group 23.81％ (25/105) (x2 =52.01,P＜0.01).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected for further analysis.For UU detection,the positive rate of swab samples detected by liquid culture was 48.9％,while the positive rate detected by SAT was 63.9％.Obviously the positive rate of SAT was higher than that of liquid culture.Swab culture and SAT results were analyzed by paired x2 test (x2 =41.93,P＜0.01).The positive rate of CT SAT was 1.71％,and the positive rate of CT-latex method was 0.28 ％.There was significant difference between CT latex method and SAT (Fisher exact probabilistic method statistical analysis,P＜0.005),which indicated that SAT method had a higher sensitivity.The positive rate (1.7 ％) and sensitivity (100％) of SAT were also higher than that of traditional method.Conclusion UU was the most common pathogen in female reproductive tract pathogens,followed by CT and MG.The SAT method has higher sensitivity than the conventional method in detecting of UU and CT.

Effect of Electro-acupuncture on Behavior Alterations in Mice with Isoflurane-induced Alzheimer's Disease and Its Mechanism / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture on behavior alterations,the expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP),amyloid β-protein(Aβ) proteins and neuroapoptosis in the cerebral cortex in the APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by isoflurane.Methods Sixmonth-old AD mice and wild-type mice at the same age were randomly divided into wile-type control group,AD group,isoflurane group,electro-acupuncture group (N =8).The mice were given pretreatment with electro-acupuncture at Baihui(GV20) acupoint and Yongquan(KI 1) acupoint once a day for 3 successive days,15 min each time.And then the mice in electro-acupuncture group and isoflurane group were exposed to a box full of 1.2％ isoflurane for 4 hours.Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory abilities of the mice,Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of APP-C83,APP-C99 and Aβ,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) was used to detect neuroapoptosis in the cerebral cortex.Results The escape latency of AD group was longer than that of wild-type mice group(P＜0.05),and the latency of isoflurane group was longer than that of AD group (P ＜ 0.05),while the latency of electro-acupuncture group was shorter than that of isoflurane group(P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of retention time in the target quadrant and the times for crossing the target quadrant in isoflurane group were lower than those of AD group (P ＜ 0.05),but were higher in electro-acupuncture group than those in isoflurane group (P ＜ 0.05).APPC83 expression level in isoflurane group was significantly lower than that in AD group (P ＜ 0.05),while APP-C83 expression level in electro-acupuncture group was higher than that in isoflurane group (P ＜ 0.05).APP-C99 expression level in isoflurane group was significantly higher than that in AD group (P ＜ 0.05),and APP-C99 expression level in electro-acupuncture group was lower than that in isoflurane group (P ＜ 0.05).The cortical apoptosis index in isoflurane group was significantly higher than that in AD group (P ＜ 0.05),and the cortical apoptosis index in electro-acupuncture group was lower than that in isoflurane group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Aβ in AD group,isoflurane group and electro-acupuncture group was significantly higher than wild-type control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Electro-acupuncture can relieve the AD-like neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane and inhibit the decline of learning and memory abilities of AD mice,and the mechanism is probably related with suppressing the overexpression of APP-C99 and reducing the production and accumulation of Aβ,thereby alleviating the neuroapoptosis.

Clinical application of radial endoscopic ultrasonography on preoperative T and N staging for advanced gastric cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To assess the value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and abdominal CT scan on preoperative T and N staging of advanced gastric cancer.Methods A total of 188 patients with advanced gastric cancer received EUS and CT scan to evaluate the T and N staging and lymphatic metastasis before surgical operation.The postoperative pathologic results acted as gold standard for comparison of the two methods.The results consistent with pathologic results were considered as correct otherwise were incorrect.The accuracy of EUS and CT and the each consistency of two methods with pathology were analyzed.Results For T staging, the accuracy of EUS and CT was 87.2%(164/188), 76.6%(144/188), respectively, and Kappa value of EUS and CT was 0.726 and 0.509, respectively.There was a statistical difference between the two methods(χ2=7.181,P=0.007).For lymph node metastasis, the accuracy of EUS and CT was 72.9%(137/188) and 79.8%(150/188), respectively, and Kappa value of EUS and CT was 0.397 and 0.487, respectively.No statistical difference was found between them(χ2=0.963,P=0.326).The consistency test between the two methods for T and N staging and lymph node metastasis revealed that the Kappa value was 0.507 and 0.649, respectively.The accuracy of EUS on T staging was 93.0%, 93.3%, 96.8% and 91.5% in cardiac cancer, gastric fundus cancer, gastric corpus cancer, and gastric antrum cancer, respectively.Corresponding Kappa value in the 4 different positions were 0.843,0.881,0.940 and 0.710, respectively according to consistency tests.The accuracy of gastric antrum cancer with pylorus invasion was 63.2% and the consistency test Kappa value was 0.340.Conclusion EUS is an accurate method for T staging and lymphatic metastasis of advanced gastric cancer, but there is a lower accuracy for T staging of gastric antrum cancer with pylorus invasion.

Clinical observation on a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and reflux esophagitis in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objectives To study a correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and reflux esophagitis in the elderly.Methods In a prospective study,180 cases of elderly patients with confirmed diagnosis of reflux esophagitis were consecutively recruited in our hospital from 2010-2016 years.180 reflux esophagitis patients were divided into three groups:non-HP infection group(group A,n=78),and 102 HP infection patients were subdivided into B1 group(n=51)with single-drug therapy and B2 group(n=51)with multiple drugs therapy.The groups A and B1 were treated with only esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks.The group B2 was treated with esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks,colloidal bismuth 200 mg/bid for 2 weeks plus two kinds of antibiotics(taking any 2 of the following 3:Amoxicillin 1 000 mg/bid,Clarithromycin 500 mg/bid and tinidazole 500 mg/bid)for 2 weeks.Gastroscope and cognate biopsy,helicobacter pylori detection,and 24 h esophagus pH monitoring was performed before and after the therapy.Results Group A,B1 and B2 showed that the total effective rate of symptoms improvement were more than 95.0% in post-versus pre-treatment(P0.05).After HP eradication therapy,HP negative rate was 90.2%(46/51)in multiple drugs group.Conclusions Reflux esophagitis in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori infection can be treated with anti-HP drugs,but the treatment should include drugs inhibiting gastric acid,so as to effectively prevent the progress of reflux esophagitis.There is no clear correlation between irritation of esophagus by reflux contents and Helicobacter pylori infection.