Superior vena cava syndrome and pulmonary artery stenosis in a patient with lung metastases of bladder cancer / 复旦学报（医学版）

Superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS)is a group of clinical syndromes caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava and its major branches from various causes.Pulmonary artery stenosis(PS)is a complication of lung cancer or mediastinal tumours.SVCS combined with PS due to pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer is extremely rare and has not been reported in the literature.Here we reported an old male patient with pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer presenting with swelling of the head,neck and both upper limbs.SVCS combined with PS was clarified by pulmonary artery computed tomography angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Endovascular stenting was used to treat SVCS.Angiography also showed that PS had not caused pulmonary hypertension and did not need to be treated.The swelling of the patient's head,neck and upper limbs was gradually reduced after the procedure.

Determination of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu in Plutonium-containing Particle by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

The isotopic fingerprints of plutonium are extremely important for nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensics. An analytical method was developed for direct determination of 240 Pu / 239 Pu ratio in plutonium-containing particles by laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( LA-MC-ICP-MS). The risk of ablated particles leakage was reduced by leak detection, exhaust hood, and swiping the laser cell. Scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to measure the effect of ablation parameters on the size distribution of ablated particles. The results showed that the majority of ablation material presented as particles from 40 -500 nm and the sweep time after laser ablation should be longer than 15 min. The particle size was evaluated to guide LA-MC-ICP-MS system. By using external normalization method for correction of the mass fractionation correction factor and ion counter efficiencies measured by nebulizer-coupled MC-ICP-MS, a LA-MC-ICP-MS method was established for analysis of 239 Pu / 240 Pu ratio in plutonium particles. Spot size, ablation rate and laser dwell time were set at 30 μm, 5 Hz and 5 s, respectively. Laser energy density was controlled to ensure that the intensities of 239 Pu for plutonium-containing particles were about 2×104 cps and 2×105 cps, respectively. The analytical results showed that the relative uncertainties for 239 Pu / 240 Pu was less than 1. 4% ( n = 6), and the measured value deviated by less than 4. 7% from the reference value. The time for adjusting system and determining 239 Pu / 240 Pu ratio in single plutonium particle was 9 h and 0. 5 h, respectively. The results demonstrated that this technique was rapid, precise and accurate, and could be used for determination of 239 Pu / 240 Pu in plutonium-containing particles.