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As a glucocorticoid drug with wide clinical application， triamcinolone acetonide can be administered by multiple routes， such as eye， nose， joint cavity， and skin， for the treatment of various local diseases such as arthritis， macular edema， rhinitis， and urticaria. As a drug with extremely low solubility in water， the dose form of triamcinolone acetonide is closely correlated with administration route and site. The dosage form of triamcinolone acetonide administered via injection（including joint cavity injection， vitreous injection， suprachoroidal injection， intramuscular injection） is mainly suspension， and the representative drugs include Kenalog-40®， Zilretta®， Triesence®， Xipere®， etc.； the dosage forms of nasal mucosal administration are mostly sprays， and the representative drug is Nasacort®； the dosage forms of oral mucosal administration are mostly patches， ointments and creams， and the representative drug is Oracort®； the dosage forms for transdermal administration are mostly ointments， creams and lotions， and the representative drugs include Trianex®， Teva-Triacomb®， etc. At present， the research on dosage forms of triamcinolone acetonide by various administration routes mainly focuses on the construction of delivery carriers， the addition of cosolvents or the use of new delivery tools.
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Objective To observe the effect of Tongyang-Kuanxiong guanule combined with conventional western medicine for the stable angina pectoris (SAP) with qi and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome. Methods Eighty-six SAP patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table method, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine Western medical therapy. The observation group was given Tongyang-Kuanxiong guanule on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 28 days. The TCM syndromes and angina pectoris scores were evaluated before and after treatment. The treadmill exercise test was used to observe the duration of exercise, the metabolic equivalent, the maximum value of ST segment depression, the heart rate at maximum load, the duration of ST segment depression. And the adverse reactions were recorded. Results The total effective rate was 88.4％ (38/43) in the observation group and 67.4％ (29/43) in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=5.549, P=0.018). After treatment, the duration of exercise (9.5 ± 1.2 min vs. 8.6 ± 1.2 min, t=3.371), metabolic equivalent (10.8 ± 2.5 METs vs. 9.2 ± 2.4 METs, t=3.084) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The largest degree of ST segment changes (1.2 ± 0.6 mV vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 mV, t=5.484), and the duration of ST segment descent (125.0 ± 94.5 s vs. 162.4 ± 96.9 s, t=1.795) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Thefrequency of angina attacks (9.7 ± 1.6 times per week vs. 17.3 ± 2.1 times per week, t=18.778), duration of attacks (3.2 ± 1.4 min vs. 6.4 ± 1.5 min, t=10.146) consumption of nitroglycerin (1.3 ± 0.8 mg vs. 2.5 ± 0.8 mg, t=7.624) and Symptom score (8.3 ± 2.8 vs. 12.5 ± 3.1, t=6.593) in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions The Tongyang-Kuanxiong guanule can significantly improve the exercise tolerance of SAP patients with qi and phlegm and blood stasis, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, improve angina pectoris and reduce the number of angina attacks.
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To test the therapeutic effect of recombinant fusion polypeptide hEGF-AWRK6 (EK) on burn infection of model mice. EK6 was expressed and purified with Escherichia coli expression system, and the Ⅱ degree burns and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model mouse were established. Experiment group was treated with EK (30 mg/L), and the control group was treated with PBS, gentamicin (30 mg/L), burn ointment (10 mg/L). The wound healing rate and colony count were calculated. Wound and surrounding skin were taken for HE staining and collagen western-blot analysis, and the wound pathological changes were observed after 10 days of drug delivery. The results showed that fusion peptide EK was successfully expressed and purified with significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared to the control group, the colony count (CFU) of the wound surface in EK mouse had a remarkable decrease (P<0.01) and healing rate had a significant increase in group EK6 (P<0.01). Pathological analysis result showed that compared to the control group, wound dermal cells in group EK arranged regularly, had more hair growth and a faster epithelization. These results indicated that the fusion peptide EK would be a good candidate for the drug development for the treatment of burning wounds.
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Objective To evaluate the role of SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging in assessing the stent implantation for cerebral artery stenosis.Methods A total of 35 patients (31 males,4 females,average age (63.9±10.8)years) with cerebral artery stenosis confirmed by DSA for cerebral artery stent implantation were retrospectively analyzed.99Tcm-ECD cerebral perfusion imaging was performed for all patients before and after stent implantation.The images were realigned and normalized by SPM 2.0 and then analyzed by Brain Search software for quantitative analysis.The brain was automatically separated to 210 functional areas according to Talarich map.The normalized averaged counts (NAC) of each area were calculated and compared with the data of 28 health controls (8 males,20 females,average age (35.8± 9.4) years).Less than 1.96s was defined as low perfusion lesions.The NAC values before and after stent implantation were compared for classifying improved from non-improved group.The mean number of lesions and Essen stroke risk score (ESRS) were analyzed between the two groups.The mean number of lesions and postoperative improvement rate of the internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and stenosis were compared.Paired rank sum test,two-sample t test,two-sample rank sum test and x2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results In 35 patients with low perfusion areas,20 were significantly improved after stent implantation.The mean number of lesions in the improved group (34.05± 14.41)was significantly higher than that in the non-improved group (22.93±17.24; t=2.067,P＜0.05).The mean ESRS of the improved patients (14.8)was significantly lower than that of the non-improved patients (22.3,Z=2.24,P＜0.05).The improvement rate of 28 cases with ICA stent implantation was (60.7％,17/28)higher than that of 7 cases with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stent implantation (3/7; P＞0.05).The mean number of the ICA occlusion lesions (34.36± 14.31)was higher than that of the ICA stenosis lesions(31.35± 16.37),but the difference was not statistically significant(t=0.498,P＞0.05).The improvement rate of the ICA occlusion was higher than that of the ICA stenosis (7/11 vs 10/17),but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging and its quantitative analysis can evaluate the low perfusion lesions before stent implantation and predict the perfusion improvement after stent implantation.
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Objective To evaluate the CT and MR features of renal oncocytoma in order to improve the ability for recognition and ima-gingdiagnosis.Methods The CT and MR findings of renal oncocytoma in 12 patients proved by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT scans were performed in 12 patients,one of which was accompanied with the contralateral renal angiomyoliptoma.In all lesions, seven were in the right kidney and five in the left.The lesions were round or oval in shape with the diameter 1.5 cm-12.3 cm.On pre-contrast scan,the homogeneous density was found in 3,calcification in 2,and central scar tissue in 5.On post-contrast images,the parenchyma of tumor was obviously enhanced in the cortical phase.However,the enhancement was attenuated in the parenchymal phase.Seven patients underwent MRI at the same time,exhibiting iso-or hypointensity on T1 WI in 4 and heterogenous hyperintensity on T2 WI in 5.Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI demonstrated homogenous enhancement in 1 and heterogenous enhancement in others with delayed enhancement of the central scar.Conclusion Most renal oncocytomas show certain characteristics on CT or MRI, which are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and surgical therapy.
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Due to their potential application as novel antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are attracting much attention. Large quantities of highly purified peptides are crucial to basic and clinical studies. Natural resources of antimicrobial peptides are limited and hard to purify, chemical synthesis is of high-cost and unstable, so recombinant expression of antimicrobial peptides is a cost-effective way. Escherichia coli has been the most widely used as host to express antimicrobial peptides with fusion protein, which can not only avoid the lethal effect towards the host, but also protect the peptide from degradation by proteases. Combined with our research, the present article reviews the progress of fusion vector, cleavage methods and optimization options for antimicrobial peptides production with fusion protein in Escherichia coli.
الموضوعات
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Escherichia coli , Metabolism , Genetic Vectors , Recombinant Fusion Proteinsالملخص
Objective To study the CT appearances of primary pulmonary histoplasmosis (PPHP)and evaluate the diagnostic values of CT for PPHP.Methods The clinical materials and multi-slice spiral CT appearances in 8 patients with PPHP proved pathologically were reviewed retrospectively.Results Single or multiple pneumonia-like lesions were seen in 3 esses,single or multiple nodules or masses were in 4 cases,and both pneumonia-like lesions and nodules or mflsses in 1 case.Calcification and halo sign were common,and only slight enhancement was demonstrated after intravenous contrast administration on CT.Conclusion CT is helpful imaging method in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PPHP combining with clinical materials although the CT appearances are not specific.
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0.05).The effective rate on relieving traditional Chinese medical syndrome was 95.0% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group,the difference being significant(P0.05).After treatment,the parameters of 24-h dynamic blood pressure were improved in both groups(P
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Taking the national key scientific and technological project in 11th Five-year and 10th Five-year Plan as its main clue,the innovative Chinese materia medica(CMM)research course has been reviewed in this paper.Based on the enlightenment from the first herbal medicine VeregenTM,which has been approved by FDA,together with the study and comprehension of many great achievements of new drug research,the strategy of innovative CMM research and development(R&D)and its practical route is going to be put forward in this article.With the innovative Compound Prescription of CMM research as the main innovative approach,innovation can be realized by the following three aspects:New substances,including new compound,new effective fraction/group or new components and their combinations;new indication of known compounds or extracts;the secondary development of high-quality Chinese patent medicine.Besides,in order to support the R & D of original drugs with Chinese characteristics,the international experiences in target-dependent screening and evaluation and optimization of leading compounds based on clinical application should be referenced,and the mechanism and targets of traditional Chinese medicine by genetic and molecular level be clarified.
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Objective To study the effect of Zhimaikang Granules (Granules for lipid abnormality) on atherosclerosis of hyperlipidemia patients of phlegm turbidity retention type.Methods Totally 120 hyperlipidemia patients were randomized into treatment group and control group, 60 cases in each. The treatment group was administered Zhimaikang Granules, each time 1 bag, twice a day. The control group was given Simvastatin Tablets, oral taking before sleeping. Both groups were treated for 45 days. Changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were observed.Results After treatment, activity of NO and SOD were significantly higher than before in both groups (P0.05).Conclusion Zhimaikang Granules was proved to enhance the activity of antioxidase, promote anti-free radical reactions, inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect endothelial cells in atherosclerosis patients.