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ObjectiveTo investigate whether the whole intestinal microbiota transplantation in Alzheimer's disease （AD） model mice has more significant effects on ileum intestinal microenvironment in normal mice under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine that "interior-exterior relationship exists between the heart and small intestine". MethodsThe whole intestinal microbiota of fourteen 6-month-old specific pathogen free male APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD model mice was transplanted into the gut of six normal C57BL/6J mice of the same age and background treated with mixed antibiotics for 14 days. Then， after 14 days of normal rearing， the mice were sacrificed. Next， the pathological changes in the ileum and colon were observed， and the composition and diversity of the ileal and colonic microbiota was analyzed by sequencing. ResultsAfter the whole intestinal microbiota of AD mice was transplanted into normal mice， pathological analysis showed that only the ileum tissue had mucosal damage and crypt gland epithelial cell degeneration， necrosis， and shedding. Moreover， the microbiota analysis found that only the number of genera （P<0.01）， Chao1 index （P<0.01） and Simpson index of ileal microbiota in normal mice decreased （P<0.01）， and the composition of intestinal microbiota was quite similar to that of AD model mice. ConclusionUnder the effect of whole gut microbiota transplantation in AD mice， the diversity and composition of ileal microbiota change more than that of colonic microbiota in normal mice， and at the same time， it results in pathological damage to the ileal mucosa， indicating that the ileal microenvironment may be more closely related to the occurrence and development of AD， which is highly consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "interior-exterior relationship between heart and small intestine".
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Portal vein thrombosis is one of the common complications of liver cirrhosis, and anticoagulation is currently the main treatment method for this disease. Since low-molecular-weight heparin must be injected and vitamin K antagonists require regular monitoring of international normalized ratio (INR), direct oral anticoagulants have become a research hotspot in replacement therapy with the advantages of convenient oral administration, no need for INR monitoring, and high recanalization rate. This article summarizes the advances in direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of cirrhosis-associated portal vein thrombosis, in order to lay a foundation for further clinical studies.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on cardiac function, sympathetic nerve activity, indexes of myocardial injury and GABAA receptor in fastigial nucleus in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to explore the neuroregulatory mechanism of EA pretreatment in improving MIRI.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA group, an agonist group and an agonist+EA group, 12 rats in each group. The MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. EA was applied at bilateral "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Tongli" (HT 5) in the EA group and the agonist+EA group, with continuous wave, in frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 1 mA, 30 min each time, once a day for 7 consecutive days. After intervention, the MIRI model was established. In the agonist group, the muscone (agonist of GABAA receptor, 1 g/L) was injected in fastigial nucleus for 7 consecutive days before modeling, 150 μL each time, once a day. In the agonist+EA group, the muscone was injected in fastigial nucleus 30 min before EA intervention. The data of electrocardiogram was collected by PowerLab standard Ⅱ lead, and ST segment displacement and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed; the serum levels of norepinephrine (NE), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were detected by ELISA; the myocardial infarction area was measured by TTC staining; the morphology of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining; the positive expression and mRNA expression of GABAA receptor in fastigial nucleus were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham operation group, in the model group, ST segment displacement and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) of HRV were increased (P<0.01), HRV frequency domain analysis showed enhanced sympathetic nerve excitability, the serum levels of NE, CK-MB and cTnI were increased (P<0.01), the percentage of myocardial infarction area was increased (P<0.01), myocardial fiber was broken and interstitial edema was serious, the positive expression and mRNA expression of GABAA receptor in fastigial nucleus were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the EA group, ST segment displacement and LF/HF ratio were decreased (P<0.01), HRV frequency domain analysis showed reduced sympathetic nerve excitability, the serum levels of NE, CK-MB and cTnI were decreased (P<0.01), the percentage of myocardial infarction area was decreased (P<0.01), myocardial fiber breakage and interstitial edema were lightened, the positive expression and mRNA expression of GABAA receptor in fastigial nucleus were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the EA group, in the agonist group and the agonist+EA group, ST segment displacement and LF/HF ratio were increased (P<0.01), HRV frequency domain analysis showed enhanced sympathetic nerve excitability, the serum levels of NE, CK-MB and cTnI were increased (P<0.01), the percentage of myocardial infarction area was increased (P<0.01), myocardial fiber breakage and interstitial edema were aggravated, the positive expression and mRNA expression of GABAA receptor in fastigial nucleus were increased (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#EA pretreatment can improve the myocardial injury in MIRI rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of GABAA receptor expression in fastigial nucleus, thereby down-regulating the excitability of sympathetic nerve.
الموضوعات
Male , Animals , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Cerebellar Nuclei , Electroacupuncture , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/therapy , Receptors, GABA-A/genetics , RNA, Messengerالملخص
Objective:To explore the expression of OGDHL and AU element-rich RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with the prognosis of patients.Methods:The clinical data of 96 patients with NSCLC who were diagnosed and underwent surgical treatment in Guang'an People's Hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgically resected NSCLC tissues and the paracancerous tissues (4 cm from the tumor edge) were taken, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expressions of OGDHL and AUF1 in all specimens. The relationship between OGDHL and AUF1 proteins and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC was analyzed. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients with different expressions of OGDHL and AUF1 proteins were compared by using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the influencing factors for the prognosis of NSCLC patients.Results:The high expression rate of OGDHL protein in the cancer tissues of NSCLC patients was lower than that in the paracancerous tissues [32.3% (31/96) vs. 62.5% (60/96), χ2 = 45.21, P < 0.001], and the high expression rate of AUF1 protein was higher than that in the paracancerous tissues [68.8% (66/96) vs. 34.4% (33/96), χ2 = 42.36, P < 0.001]. The high expression rate of OGDHL protein in patients with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ was higher than that in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [39.1% (25/64) vs. 18.8% (6/32)], and the high expression rate of OGDHL protein in patients with lymph node metastasis was lower than that in patients without lymph node metastasis [10.3% (3/29) vs. 41.8% (28/67)] (both P < 0.05). The high expression rate of AUF1 protein in patients with stageⅠ-Ⅱ was lower than that in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [59.4% (38/64) vs. 87.5% (28/32)], and the high expression rate of AUF1 protein in patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis [86.2% (25/29) vs. 61.2% (41/67)] (both P < 0.05). The 3-year OS rate of all NSCLC patients was 62.50%. The 3-year OS rate of patients with high expression of OGDHL protein after surgery was higher than that of patients with low expression of OGDHL protein (80.66% vs. 53.33%, P < 0.05), and the 3-year OS rate of patients with high expression group of AUF1 protein after surgery was lower than that of patients with low expression of AUF1 protein (50.00% vs. 76.52%, P < 0.05). The difference in 3-year OS rate of patients with different TNM stage and lymph node metastasis was statistically significant (both P < 0.05), and the 3-year OS rate of patients with TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and lymph node metastasis was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05). Low expression of OGDHL ( HR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.72-8.31) and high expression of AUF1 ( HR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.73-7.80) were both independent risk factors for the prognosis of NSCLC patients (both P < 0.001). Conclusions:The expression of OGDHL protein is decreased and the expression of AUF1 protein is increased in NSCLC tissues. The expression levels of OGDHL and AUF1 proteins are related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Objective: To investigate the neural connections between Shenmen (HT7)-heart and the brain by observing the tracing viruses co-labeled brain nuclear groups after injection of the pseudorabies viruses (PRV), the reverse transsynaptic virus tracer carrying different fluorescent protein genes, into the myocardium and Shenmen (HT7) point, respectively.Methods: Pseudorabies virus 531 (PRV531) carrying the green fluorescent protein gene and pseudorabies virus 724 (PRV724) carrying the red fluorescent protein gene were injected into the left ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point area of the left forelimb of six C57BL/6 mice, respectively. After 120 h, whole brain tissue was extracted under 4％ paraformaldehyde perfusion to prepare brain sections. Neuronal co-labeling with the tracing viruses was observed under fluorescence microscopy. Results: Co-labeled signals from the mouse ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point region were found at all levels of the mouse central nervous areas, such as the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The number of co-labeled neurons was higher in the primary motor area, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the subceruleus nucleus, and the paramedian reticular nucleus. Conclusion: There is a neural connection between Shenmen (HT7), the heart, and the brain, which may be most closely related to the autonomic nervous system.
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The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.
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Stable isotope tracer metabolomics tracks and analyzes the whole metabolic process of the body through the tracer atoms, which belongs to the frontier technology in the field of biomedicine. This technology is of great significance and value for explaining the pathogenesis of diseases, finding biomarkers of diseases and drug action targets. Taking the mechanism of glucose catabolism disorder in depression as an example, this paper systematically expounds the stable isotope tracer metabolomics technology and its application. The research idea of stable isotope tracer metabolomics based on unmarked metabolomics was put forward, and the research strategy of biological significance interpretation from four dimensions of metabolite isotope abundance, key metabolic enzymes, metabolic flow direction and metabolite flow was given, which broke through the bottleneck of stable isotope tracer metabolomics research technology based on overall animal experiment, and provided scientific basis for the promotion and application of this technology.
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Aim To clarify the regulatory effect of Artesunate(ART) on tumor cell function and cell cycle in the pathological process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods KYSE450 and TE14 cells were treated with different concentrations of ART. The cells treated with 0 mg •L
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Aim To explore the effect of artesunate (ART) on the function of breast cancer cells during the progression of breast cancer and the possible mechanism of action. Methods MCF-7 (30 μmol • L-
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Objective:To analyze clinicopathological features of thyroid nodules and to assess preoperative diagnostic methods for the nature of nodules.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 2 132 patients [456 males and 1 676 females with a mean age of (48.7±11.4) year] with thyroid nodules who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among all patients, 433 nodules had complete fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAC) and ultrasound results were selected for further assessment. According to preoperative high-resolution ultrasound images, the nodules were classified by Kwak thyroid imaging and reporting data systems (Kwak TI-RADS) and American College of Radiology TI-RADS (ACR TI-RADS). ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the two ultrasound modes and FNAC.Results:In 2 132 patients with thyroid nodules, 743 were benign and 1 389 were malignant. In all malignant cases 1 119 were females, accounting for 80.56%. In newly diagnosed benign nodules, 67.97% (505/743) were found by examination, and 32.03% (238/743) were self-found. In malignant nodules, 48.67% (676/1 389) were detected by examination, 51.33% (713/1 389) were self-found. The malignant rate of nodule diameter≤1 cm was the lowest in 1 118 patients with complete thyroid ultrasound data. In 628, 722 and 782 patients who underwent surgical treatment in 2017, 2018 and 2019, the proportion of malignant nodules was 56.37% (354/628), 66.48% (480/722) and 70.97% (555/782); the proportion of benign nodules was 43.63% (274/628), 33.52% (242/722) and 29.03% (227/782), respectively. Among all malignant nodules, papillary carcinoma accounted for 95.18% (1 322/1 389), followed by follicular carcinoma 4.32% (60/1 389), myeloid carcinoma 0.43% (60/1 389) and undifferentiated carcinoma 0.07%(1/1 389). Among all benign nodules, the proportion of nodular goiter was the highest (95.56%, 710/743). The proportion of patients undergoing preoperative FNAC in 2017, 2018 and 2019 was 57.96% (364/628), 63.43% (458/722) and 69.44% (543/782), respectively;the coincidence rate of preoperative FNAC and postoperative pathological diagnosis was 46.15% (168/364), 52.18% (239/458) and 62.06% (337/543), respectively. Among 433 nodules with both FNAC and ultrasound data, the areas under the ROC curve(AUC)of FNA, ACR TI-RADS and Kawk TI-RADS were 0.91, 0.74 and 0.59, respectively ( P<0.05). The sensitivity of ACR TI-RADS and Kawk TI-RADS was 84.34%, 37.35% ( P<0.05) and specificity was 56.29% and 79.14% ( P=0.075). Conclusions:The study reveals that from 2017 to 2019, both the number of cases and malignant rate of thyroid nodules shows a rising trend, meanwhile the application rate of preoperative FNAC and its coincidence rate with postoperative pathology shows an increasing trend. FNAC, ACR Ti-RADS and Kawk TI-RADS have certain diagnostic efficacy in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the diagnostic value of FNAC is the highest followed by ACR TI-RADS and Kawk TI-RADS.
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OBJECTIVE@#Based on magnetic resonance imaging technology, the dangerous depth of straight needling and the safety of deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) are discussed, and data support is provided for standardizing deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25).@*METHODS@#The horizontal cross-sectional images of 148 healthy adult subjects under the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra were collected by magnetic resonance instrument, the anatomical structure was analyzed, and the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) was measured.@*RESULTS@#The dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) was (11.2±1.3) cm and (11.0±1.2) cm on the left and right sides of males, and (9.8±1.3) cm and (9.7±1.3) cm on the left and right sides of females. There was a positive correlation between the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) and body mass index (BMI). In the case of similar body size, the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu(BL 25) in males was greater than that in females (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#At present, the deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) used in clinic is safe. In clinical application of the deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25), the depth of needle insertion can be determined according to body size and gender.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Lumbar Vertebrae , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Needlesالملخص
Objective:To investigate the effect of different blood glucose and BMI levels on the outcome of closed biliary surgery in diabetic patients.Methods:Clinical data of 424 diabetes admitted to Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital for closed biliary tract surgery from Jan. 2018 to Jun. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fasting blood glucose and BMI levels, the subjects were divided into hyperglycemia and non-hyperglycemia groups and obesity and non-obesity subgroups. The differences of clinical data among different groups were compared and analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the factors of postoperative infection, length and cost of hospitalization.Results:①Compared with the non-hyperglycemia group, the hyperglycemia group had higher BMI, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose monitoring rate, glycated hemoglobin detection rate, postoperative infection rate, ICU occupancy rate, length and cost of hospitalization, and lower albumin level, all P<0.05.②The age, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, low density lipoprotein, length and cost of hospitalization in the hyperglycemic obese subgroup were all lower than those in the non-obese subgroup, all P<0.05; and the serum creatinine in the obese subgroup was higher than those in the non-obese subgroup ( P<0.05) . ③Logistic analysis revealed that hyperglycemia was an independent risk factor for postoperative infection. For every 1mmol/L increase in fasting blood glucose, the risk of postoperative infection increased by 1.158 times, and albumin was a protective factor for postoperative infection. ④Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia and hypoalbumin were the important factors affecting the length of hospital stay and the increase of hospital cost, all P<0.05. Conclusions:Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative infection and a risk factor for longer hospital stay and higher costs. Obesity is not associated with postoperative infection or longer hospital stay, except for increased serum. Patients with diabetes undergoing closed biliary system surgery need to improve the detection rate of glycated hemoglobin and blood glucose monitoring rate, manage blood glucose reasonably, and control body weight appropriately.
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Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) in the hippocampus of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and to explore the analgesic mechanisms of moxibustion in RA treatment. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, a moxibustion + NMDA receptor antagonist (AP-5) group, and a moxibustion + NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA) group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, rats in the other four groups were treated with complete Freund's adjuvant in a windy, cold, and damp environment to replicate RA models. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion with moxa sticks at Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36), and the two points were used alternately. After intraperitoneal injection of AP-5 or NMDA, rats in the moxibustion + AP-5 group and the moxibustion + NMDA group received the same moxibustion intervention as in the moxibustion group, once a day for 15 d. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats in each group was detected before and after modeling and after the 15-day intervention. After the 15-day intervention, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in knee joints. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the mRNA expression of NR2B in the hippocampus; Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein and the phosphorylated protein expression of hippocampal NR2B. Results: The synovial tissue was proliferated, the synovial lining was significantly thickened, the pannus was formed, and the cartilage and bone tissues were significantly damaged in the model group. After intervention, the pathological morphology of the knee joints in the moxibustion group, the moxibustion + AP-5 group, and the moxibustion + NMDA group was significantly improved, and the improvement in the moxibustion + AP-5 group was more notable than that in the moxibustion + NMDA group. Compared with the normal group, the TWL was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the TWL of each intervention group was significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the moxibustion group, the TWL was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly decreased in the moxibustion + AP-5 group (P<0.01); the TWL was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly increased in the moxibustion + NMDA group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion reduces hyperalgesia in RA inflammatory rats. The analgesic effect may be related to the decrease in the expression and phosphorylation levels of NR2B in the hippocampus.
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Aim To investigate the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rgl regulates autophagy anrl delays brain aging in mice through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods C57BL/6J male mice were ran¬domly divided into four groups, namely brain aging model group ,control group, Rgl anti-aging group,auto¬phagy activator Rapamycin anti-aging group.After the modeling was completed, the test of each experimental index would be carried out on the next day.Morris wa¬ter maze experiment was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice.Paraffin sections of the hippocampus were prepared, HE , Nissl and immunohis- tochemical staining were used to observe the morpholo¬gy of hippocampal neurons, the number of neurons and Nissl bodies was counted, and autophagy-related proteins p62 , ATG5 , ULK1 were detected.Brain tissue homogenates were prepared to detect the aetivity of brain tissue acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ).Western blot was userl to detect brain tissue autophagy-related proteins LC3II, P62, beclinl, P-AMPK/AMPK, P- mTOR/mTOR and apoptosis protein P53.Results Water maze test showed that Rgl and Hap significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of brain-ag¬ing mice.HE and Nissl staining showed that Rgl and Rap decreased necrotic cells and increased the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of brain-aging mice.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Rgl and Rap decreased the expression of neuronal autoph- agv protein P62 in hippocampus and increased the ex-pression of ATG5 and ULK1.Rgl and Rap decreased the activity of AhcE in brain-aging mice.Western blot showed that Rgl and Rap increased autophagy-related proteins LC3II, Beclinl , P-AMPK/AMPK, but de¬creased the expression of P-mTOR/mTOR, P62, P53.Conclusions Ginsenoside Rgl can effectively antago¬nize the aging effect of D-gal on mouse brain.The pos¬sible mechanism is related to the regulation of autoph- agv by Rgl through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Tonghua Dongbao′s insulin aspart injection (Rishulin) and NovoRapid (Novo Nordisk) in the treatment of diabetes.Methods:A 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, positive control drug and non-inferiority trial was conducted in 23 centers in China. A total of 563 diabetes with poor blood glucose control treated with insulin for at least 3 months before were included. The subjects were randomized(stratified block random method) into those receiving Rishulin or NovoRapid at a ratio of 3∶1. Both groups were combined with basal insulin (Lantus). The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to the end of 24 weeks of treatment.Results:For full analysis set, after 24 weeks of treatment, HbA1c level of Ruishulin group decreased from (8.66±1.28)% to (7.77±1.09)% ( P<0.001), and that of NovoRapid group decreased from (8.47±1.28) % to (7.65±0.97) % ( P<0.001). Treatment difference in HbA1c (NovoRapid group-Ruishulin group) was -0.061% (95% CI -0.320-0.199). HbA1c<7.0% target reacing rates were 24.26% and 21.21% ( P=0.456), and HbA1c<6.5% target reacing rates were 9.65% and 6.82% ( P=0.310) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, repectively. The standard 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) in Ruishulin group decreased from (16.23±5.22) mmol/L to (12.65±4.57) mmol/L ( P<0.001), and 2hPG in NovoRapid group decreased from (16.13±5.37) mmol/L to (11.91)±4.21) mmol/L ( P<0.001). The fingertips blood glucose at 7-point of both groups exhibited varying degrees of reduction compared with those at baseline, repectively. Positive ratios of specific antibodies were 31.68% in Ruishulin group and 36.36% in NovoRapid group ( P=0.320). Ratios of negative to positive were 7.43% and 10.61% ( P=0.360), and ratios of positive to negative were 10.40% and 7.58% ( P=0.360) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 60.05% and 55.40% ( P=0.371), and the incidence of adverse events was 76.60% and 77.70% ( P=0.818) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. Conclusions:Rishulin is not inferior to NovoRapid, and has shown good efficacy and safety. It can be an ideal choice for clinicians in patients with poor blood glucose control with insulin.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenesis of depression according to the LC-MS/MS-based metabolo?mics in the mouse model which exhibits social avoidance state induced by the chronic social defeat stress model (CSDS). METHODS Twenty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group and model group suffering CSDS, and the ICR retired breeder mice were used to attack the model group for 14 d of chronic social defeated stress. The open field test and source preference test were both used to observe depression-like behavior. Besides, the social inter?action test is used to observe the social interaction state, especially. After the stress, the serum samples of mice were collected, and the changes of endogenous metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS metabolomics technology, and the pathway analysis of the differential metabolites was performed to explore the pathogenesis of the CSDS induced depres?sive-like mouse model. RESULTS After the stress of CSDS was completed, the mice in the model group showed a significant slowdown in body weight growth, a reduction in the source preference rate, and a significant reduction in the total distance and the number of rearing in the open field test. Distinctively, the social interaction rate is remarkably decreasing. There are 24 differential metabolites found in the serum of CSDS model mice. CONCLUSION The mouse who suffered CSDS stress would show depressive-like behavior. Based on the LC-MS/MS metabolomics, 24 differential metabolites were found in the serum of CSDS model mice. The amino acid metabolism might be significant to the patho?genesis of the CSDS induced depressive-like mouse model.
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Objective:To investigate the online learning situation of students in Chongqing Medical University during the COVID-19 epidemic, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, and provide reference for the improvement of online teaching.Methods:Random sampling was adopted to conduct online questionnaire survey among undergraduates of Chongqing Medical University in the form of anonymous questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for chi-square test.Results:There were significant differences in learning outcomes between students living in different places during the epidemic period ( P<0.05). The results showed that 34% of students thought the advantages of online learning were "freedom of learning time", "freedom of learning place", "abundant resources and available to watch videos repeatedly". According to the analysis of disadvantages of online learning, 39% of the students believed that online learning had "poor personal self-control ability to ensure learning efficiency", "no sense of reality in the experimental courses", "lack of learning atmosphere, decrease of the learning motivation", "tedious learning process, requiring constant software upgrading and replacement." Conclusion:Firstly, for special periods, we should unify online learning platforms in the whole university. Then, we should strengthen the publicity of online courses. Finally, teachers should drive the classroom atmosphere during the online teaching and improve students' learning efficiency.
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Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the protein expression of c-fos in fastigial nucleus (FN) and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in rats with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to explore the role and mechanism of FN and LHA in EA at the Heart Meridian fighting against acute MIRI reaction. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA-Heart Meridian group and an EA-Lung Meridian group, with 14 rats in each group; an LHA lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group) and a FN lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (FN+EA-Heart Meridian group), with 7 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish acute MIRI rat models in the other 5 groups. In the three groups with EA-Heart Meridian treatment, Shenmen (HT 7) and Tongli (HT 5) were selected; Taiyuan (LU 9) and Lieque (LU 7) were selected in the EA-Lung Meridian group. All the EA groups received EA stimulation prior to modeling, with 1 mA in current intensity and 2 Hz in frequency, 20 min each time, once a day for a total of 7 d. The sham operation group and the model group did not receive EA stimulation. The electrocardiogram was observed in the rats to analyze the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score. The expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in the FN and LHA increased significantly in the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA decreased significantly in the EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05). Compared with the EA-Heart Meridian group, the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group, LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in FN increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in LHA increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: FN and LHA are involved in the mechanism of EA at Heart Meridian to improve the acute MIRI reactions, and the cerebellum may participate in the improvement of cardiac function by EA through the cerebellum-hypothalamus projection.
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Through collecting the relevant provisions and medical cases of
الموضوعات
Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Meridians , Moxibustion , Myasthenia Gravis/therapyالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of long-term moxa smoke exposure of different concentrations on olfactory function in rats, and provide experimental basis of safety study of moxa smoke produced by moxibustion.@*METHODS@#Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a low-concentration moxa smoke group, a moderate-concentration moxa smoke group and a high-concentration moxa smoke group, 10 rats in each one. The rats in the moxa smoke groups were put into three plexiglass moxibustion boxes with different moxa smoke concentrations, 4 hours per times, twice a day for 90 days. The general state of rats was evaluated before and during the experiment. After the intervention, the olfactory function was evaluated by two-bottle experiment (TBE); the morphology of nasal mucosa was observed by HE staining; the apoptosis of olfactory epithelial cells in nasal mucosa was detected by TUNEL method; the serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA method.@*RESULTS@#In the late stage of moxa smoke exposure (45-90 days into intervention), the behavioral activity of rats in the moderate-concentration moxa smoke group and the high-concentration moxa smoke group was weaker than that in the normal control group, and their response to stimulation was strong, and their mental state was worse. After intervention, the drinking rate of vinegar-water mixture in the moderate-concentration moxa smoke group and the high-concentration moxa smoke group was higher than that in the normal control group and the low-concentration moxa smoke group (@*CONCLUSION@#The long-term exposure to low, moderate and high concentrations of moxa smoke could cause pathological changes in nasal mucosa and increase the serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α; the moderate and high concentrations of moxa smoke exposure could cause a series of damage to olfactory function and reduce olfactory sensitivity in rats.