الملخص
BACKGROUND:Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament is the primary and basic treatment for patellofemoral dislocation.Generally,autologous or allogeneic tendons are used to fix the patellofemoral podogram area and the femoral insertion,respectively.There are various fixation methods.Patellar lateral insertion fixation methods are relatively diverse,mainly traditional transosseous fixation and recent anchoring methods,including single tunnel,double-tunnel transosseous fixation,and two-wire anchor fixation.However,which fixation method is more effective in reducing patellofemoral joint stress and is more biomechanical has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To observe the mechanical effects of patellofemoral joint and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with transosseous and wire anchor fixation. METHODS:A three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint was constructed.The medial patellofemoral ligament was reconstructed by a single tunnel through the bony canal or two wire anchors at the medial edge of the patella.The femoral side was fixed by extrusion nails to the medial epicondyle of the femur and the midpoint of the adductor tubercle.We observed the effects of the two fixation methods on patellofemoral joint and medial patellofemoral ligament loading during knee flexion at 0°,30°,60°,90°,and 120°. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The stress on the patellofemoral joint was large when the knee was at flexion of 0-60°,peaked at 30°,and gradually decreased at 90° and 120°.The two fixation methods had little difference in the stress on the patellofemoral joint.(2)The stress on the medial patellofemoral ligament peaked at 30° and decreased significantly at 60°,and the load on the medial patellofemoral ligament was significantly greater at all angles with anchor fixation than with bony canal fixation.(3)The results showed that there was no significant difference in patellofemoral joint loading between the two fixation methods,but the stress on the medial patellofemoral ligament in anchoring was significantly greater than that in transosseous fixation.
الملخص
Objective@#To investigate the current status and influencing factors of basis of the replacement of short peripheral intravenous catheters for clinical nurses and explore the obstruction of the latest guide promoted in practice.@*Methods@#The qualitative research method was adopted, and semistructured interviews were used to interview 11 clinical nurses. Data were analyzed by the method of category analysis.@*Results@#Although the clinical nurses mainly used the national standards to do practical operation, they preferred to carry out catheter replacement according to clinical indications. The difference between the latest guide and the national standards was the main obstruction in the practical promotion of the latest guide.@*Conclusions@#The removal of short peripheral intravenous catheters according to clinical indications is more suitable for clinical practice. Further improving the standards of intravenous therapy in China has become a fundamental measure to solve the contradictions of work of clinical nurses, improve patients′ medical experience and save medical resources.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the relationship of alcohol exposure during pregnancy and non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) in offspring mice.Methods Pregnant mice of ED3.5-ED18.5 were given 56% alcohol by gavage at a dose of 5 mL/kg.The ED19.5 mice were sacrificed,and the heart of the fetal mice was harvested.Transmission electron microscopy (filaments,mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum) and HE staining were used to verify the changes of structure and ultrastructure of the obtained myocardial tissues.Echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function and ventricular myometrium of the offspring mice after growing up.Results Alcohol exposure during pregnancy caused the disorganized and dissolved myofilaments in the fetal mice.Some offspring mice (31.25%,5/16) had NCC.The ratio of non-compacted myocardium to compact myocardium at the end of systole (N/C) was 2.49 ± 0.6 in the offspring mice of the alcohol exposure group,significantly higher than that in the control offspring mice (0.62 ± 0.23,t =10.397,P =0.000).The volume of heart was decreased in the offspring mice of the alcohol exposure group while the left ventricule was enlarged.Echocardiography showed cardiac dysfunction and thickened ventricular septal/left ventricular posterior walls in the grown-up mice of the exposure group.Conclusion Large dose of alcohol exposure during pregnancy cause trabeculations and non-compaction in ventricular myocardium,and it might be one of causers for NCC in the offspring.
الملخص
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of negative pressure suction enteroscopy for intestinal examination.Methods The negative pressure suction enteroscopy was first applied to examine 20 detached small intestines from pigs to explore a suitable work pressure and to detect possible intestinal damages.The procedure was then applied in living pigs to evaluate the feasibility and to observe possible adverse reactions in a 2-week follow-up.Resnlts The absolute working pressure of the negative pressure suction enteroscopy should be higher than 0.06 Mpa.The procedures were successfully completed in all 20 pig small intestines in 40 + 20 min.There was no tissue damage in the intestinal wall according to histological findings.Local glide occurred in living pig examination at 0.06 Mpa,and it disappeared when the absolute value was higher than 1.00 Mpa.The procedure was completed in 20 living pigs in 60 ± 20 min.Histological findings showed complete tissue structure,clear villi and complete submucous and muscular tissue.All pigs could take food at recovery from anaesthesia.18 had bowel movement on the 2nd day after the operation,and the 2 others recovered on the 3rd day.No abdominal distension,hematochezia,or constipation was observed in 2-week follow-up.Food intake,activity,sleep,urination and defecation were all normal.Conclusion The negative pressure suction enteroscopy is effective and safe for small intestine examination,and is of good prospect.
الملخص
The serum lipid and lipoprotien cholesterol levels of 1974 healthy subjects from newborn to 75 years of age and 51 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease(CVD) were studied in Wuhan district. The serum lipid and lipoprotein cholseterol concentration varies with age. But no differences were found between male and female cord blood. In both sexes the serum T-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, T-C/HDL-C and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio increased with the increasing of age. The serum HDL-C level has significant difference between male and female (P