الملخص
In recent years， the research method of Mendelian randomization based on genome-wide association studies has been widely used for etiological exploration in the medical field， which can effectively overcome the confounding biases and interference of reverse causalities in traditional observational researches with its unique advantages of the distributive randomness and timing priority of genetic variants. This article reviews the method of Mendelian randomization and its application in liver cancer， in order to provide new ideas for the research on causal association in liver cancer.
الملخص
BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein in combination with hol ow porous titanium al oy can improve the affinity with surrounding bone tissues. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s cuftured on a hol ow porous metal prosthesis scaffold. METHODS: Passage 3 Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were directly inoculated onto a hol ow porous metal prosthesis, and then the scaffold was cultured in DMEM medium containing 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.1 g/L bone morphogenetic protein 2, respectively. At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after inoculation, cel adhesion was detected by MTT assay. Cel osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining at 18 days. Besides, Transwel culture was put on the scaffold, and 5x108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were added into the upper chamber, and DMEM medium containing 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.1 g/L bone morphogenetic protein 2 were added into the lower chamber to observe cel migration capability after 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6-48 hours of inoculation, different mass concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 promoted adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a time-dependent manner. After 18 days of inoculation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by different mass concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 changed from fusiform to polygon, and arranged in a multilayer and overlapped form. Numerous calcified nodules could be found, which were stained red by alizarin red. Additionally, within 6-48 hours of culture, bone morphogenetic protein 2 could promote the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, bone morphogenetic protein 2 can enhance the adhesion, osteogenic differentiation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the hollow porous metal prosthesis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with Xianling Gubao capsule in delayed union of elderly proximal femoral fractures.Methods 64 elder patients with proximal femoral fracture form May 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups.32 cases in the control group were treated with routine clinical treatment, and 32 cases in the experimental group were treated on the basis of the control group with Xianling Gubao capsule combined with hyperbaric oxygen.Fracture healing time and clinical efficacy were compared after the treatment.Results The fracture healing time of experimental group was shorter than that in control group ( P0.05).Conclusion Xianling Gubao capsule combined with hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of delayed union of proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients has better clinical curative effect and high safety.
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BACKGROUND:Matrix metal oproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to break the balance between the production and degradation of extracel ular matrix by degrading col agen, gelatin, elastin and other macromolecules, which is the leading cause of bone and cartilage damage in rheumatic arthritis. OBJECTIVE:To determine the expression levels of MMP-2 and MM-9 in the rabbit knee osteoarthritis cartilage, and to analyze whether they are related to the early MRI performance. METHODS:Fifty healthy Japanese white rabbits free from osteoarthritis were enrol ed and randomly divided into control group (n=10) and model group (n=40). The anterior and posterior cruciate ligament amputation was adopted to establish the model of osteoarthritis. Subsequently, MRI examination and the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks (n=10 at each time point), respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MRI examination showed that more damaged cartilage appeared with time in the rabbit model of osteoarthritis, and significantly different from MRI classification (P<0.05). The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA in the model group were always significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05);MMP-2 level reached the highest at 3 weeks after modeling (P<0.01), and then presented a slight decline;MMP-9 level peaked at 5 weeks after modeling (P<0.01) and slightly decreased at 7 weeks. MRI classification of cartage injury and expressions of MMP-2 (R2=0.119, P=0.119) and MMP-9 (R2=0.466, P=0.466) were shown to have the correlation. These results il ustrate that the serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are related to the early destruction of articular cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis, and can be used as predictors for early osteoarthritis.
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This article explains the purpose of setting up the sperm bank, the role of the sperm bank in auxiliary reproduction technology, and exhaustively clarifies the ethical problems in the various aspects of the social life that are caused by the sperm bank, and finally it also proposes some relevant suggestions to these problems.