الملخص
Abstract Pain is the most common complaint reported to orthopedists in the outpatient clinic, emergency room, or booth. Numerous publications report the inadequate management of both acute and chronic pain by health professionals. This updated article aims to provide information about musculoskeletal pain, its classification, evaluation, diagnosis, and the multimodal therapeutic approach for each case. For acute pain, adequate control allows for earlier rehabilitation to work and reduces the rates of pain chronification. For chronic pain, the goal is to reduce its intensity and improve the quality of life. Currently, some procedures are increasingly used and aided by imaging tests for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Resumo A dor é a queixa mais comum recebida pelo ortopedista no ambulatório e/ou emergência. Inúmeras publicações relatam o manejo inadequado tanto da dor aguda quanto da dor crônica pelos profissionais da saúde. O objetivo desse artigo de atualização é trazer informações sobre a dor musculoesquelética, sua classificação, avaliação, diagnóstico e abordagem terapêutica multimodal para cada situação. Desta maneira, nas dores agudas seu controle adequado possibilita um trabalho de reabilitação mais precoce, bem como diminui os índices de cronificação da dor. Nas dores crônicas sua abordagem além da diminuição de sua intensidade, visa também melhorar a qualidade de vida. Atualmente alguns procedimentos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados com auxílio de aparato de imagem com objetivo diagnóstico e terapêutico.
الموضوعات
Humans , Pain/classification , Pain/diagnosis , Acute Pain/classification , Musculoskeletal Pain , Pain Managementالملخص
Immunogenic proteins from nonliving promastigote polyvalent Leishmania vaccine against American tegumentary leishmaniasis (Leishvacin®), produced by Biobrás (Biochemistry of Brazil ), Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were identified and purified by polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel and electroelution. C57BL/10 mice were vaccinated with proteins with estimated molecular weights of 42, 46, 63, 66, 73, 87, 97, and 160kDa in three doses of 30æg of each protein at 15-day intervals combined with 250æg of Corynebacterium parvum followed by a challenge infection with 10(5) infective promastigotes from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The ability of these proteins to induce immune response and protection was analyzed. No statistical difference was observed in the level of IFN-g induced by proteins in vaccinated groups in comparison with control groups. Six months after challenge infection, protection levels of 28.57; 42.86; 57.14; 42.86; 42.86, 57.14; 42.86 and 57.14 percent were demonstrated for each purified protein