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Objective To investigate the role of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells(PNEC)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors(PNET).Methods The pathological specimens of 29 cases of PNET treated in the eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2018 to January 2022 were collected.The morphological characteristics were observed by HE staining,and the expression levels of synaptophysin(Syn),chromogranin A(CgA),CD56,Ki-67,CD86 and CD163 were observed by immunohistochemical staining.Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)65/67 in different types of PNETs were detected by double antibody immunofluorescence co-staining,and the correlation between GAD65/67 positive PNEC and macrophage polarization was analyzed.Results The results of HE staining showed that all four types of PNET tissues had neuroendocrine(NE)characteristics:rosette structure and organ nesting or palisade pattern,but they were different,and the proportion of mitotic cells from low to high was typical carcinoid(TC),atypical carcinoid(AC),large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC)and small cell lung cancer(SCLC).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expression rate of Syn and CgA and the positive degree of Syn,CgA and CD56 in carcinoid(TC and AC)were significantly higher than those in LCNEC and SCLC(P<0.05).The Ki-67 indices of the four types of PNET are:TC<5%,AC 5%-20%,LCNEC and SCLC>75%respectively.The number of PNEC in carcinoid was significantly higher than that in LCNEC,SCLC and paratumoral tissues(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the number of PNEC between LCNEC and SCLC and para-tumor tissues(P>0.05).The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of GAD65/67 positive cells co-expressing GAD65/67 in 95%PNEC was significantly higher than that in LCNEC,SCLC and para-tumor tissues(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between LCNEC and SCLC GAD65/67 positive cells and para-tumor tissues(P>0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining also showed that the number of CD86 positive M1 macrophages was significantly higher than that of CD163 positive M2 macrophages in para-tumor tissues(P<0.05),while M2 macrophages were significantly more than M1 macrophages in AC,LCNEC and SCLC(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the number of GAD65/67 positive PNEC cells in PNET was negatively correlated with the number of CD163 positive M2 macrophages in tumor stroma(r=-0.6336,P=0.0174).Conclusions PNEC is the main source of GABA in lung tissue and plays an immunomodulatory role in the lung,which may be involved in the progression of PNET.
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Objective:To understand the potential categories of e-health literacy of elderly diabetic patients in community, and analyze the relationship between each category and physical activity level, in order to provide theoretical basis for formulating intervention measures to improve e-health literacy of elderly diabetic patients.Methods:This study was across-sectional survey. Elderly diabetic patients from 3 community health service centers in Fenyang City, Shanxi Province were selected by convenient sampling method from January to June 2023. General data questionnaire, e-Health Literacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to investigate the elderly diabetic patients. Mplus8.0 was used for potential profile analysis, and SPSS 26.0 software was used to compare the differences in physical activity levels among different categories of e-health literacy.Results:Totally 248 elderly diabetes patients in the community aged 60-88 (63.8 ± 6.4) years, 135 males (54.4%) and 113 females (45.6%). The e-health literacy scores of 248 elderly diabetic patients in community were (17.70 ± 5.30), which could be divided into three potential categories: general low literacy group (56.0%, 139/248), high evaluation ability-medium literacy group (18.2%, 45/248) and high access ability-high literacy group (25.8%, 64/248). Three potential categories of physical activity levels were (1 464.74 ± 190.37), (2 094.40 ± 139.70), (2 368.44 ± 157.27) metabolic equivalent-min per week, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=118.83, P<0.001). Conclusions:The e-health literacy of elderly diabetic patients in community can be divided into three potential categories, and the physical activity level of patients with different e-health literacy categories is different. It is suggested that targeted intervention should be conducted based on the homogenous group of elderly diabetic patients with e-health literacy to improve their physical activity level.
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Accumulating evidence has confirmed the links between transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications and tumor progression. The present study is the first to explore the role of tRNA methyltransferase 5 (TRMT5), which catalyzes the m1G37 modification of mitochondrial tRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Here, based on bioinformatics and clinical analyses, we identified that TRMT5 expression was upregulated in HCC, which correlated with poor prognosis. Silencing TRMT5 attenuated HCC proliferation and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro, which may be partially explained by declined extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mechanistically, we discovered that knockdown of TRMT5 inactivated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway by preventing HIF-1α stability through the enhancement of cellular oxygen content. Moreover, our data indicated that inhibition of TRMT5 sensitized HCC to doxorubicin by adjusting HIF-1α. In conclusion, our study revealed that targeting TRMT5 could inhibit HCC progression and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Thus, TRMT5 might be a carcinogenesis candidate gene that could serve as a potential target for HCC therapy.
الموضوعات
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Signal Transduction/genetics , tRNA Methyltransferases/metabolismالملخص
Swertia patens Burk. is a commonly used herbal medicine of the Yi nationality in Yunnan, China. It is widely used in the treatment of children with spastic abdominal pain, cholecystitis, and other diseases, mainly containing iridoid glycosides and ketone compounds. The highest and most significant pharmacological activity, with antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, liver-protecting, stomach-protecting, and other effects, is closely related to its effects of soothing the liver, clearing heat, and relieving stomach pain. As a very distinctive pediatric folk medicine, the related quality standards of Swertia patens Burk. have not been perfected, and the development of preparations is relatively lagging.
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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor of the respiratory system with a high incidence. The early symptoms are not typical, and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which seriously threatens the lives and health of people. Surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy are the main means of treatment at present, but the consequent drug resistance and adverse reactions restrict these treatment methods with certain limitations. In recent years, with the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in tumor resistance, TCM has attracted extensive attention for its obvious therapeutic effect and fewer adverse reactions. Numerous signaling pathways are involved in the formation and development of NSCLC, where phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the key regulatory pathways. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway affects the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC cells by affecting the cycle, inhibiting the apoptosis, inhibiting the autophagy of tumor cells, and promoting tumor neovascularization. As revealed by the recent literature, Chinese medicine plays an indispensable role in NSCLC cell autophagy, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, neovascularization, and reversal of drug resistance by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Although some Chinese medicinal extracts or compounds have made great breakthroughs in some mechanisms of action in the treatment of NSCLC, these studies only remain at the level of in vitro cell experiments and animal studies in vivo. Researchers are faced with the great challenge of "transforming the research results of Chinese medicines into clinical applications". Based on the current research status in China and abroad, this paper reviewed Chinese medicine in the intervention in NSCLC through the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in recent years, in order to open up new ideas for NSCLC drug therapy research and also provide a useful reference for further mechanism research.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Renshen Wumeitang(MRWT) on the related regulatory factors of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling pathway in colon tissues of rats with diarrhea, and reveal the mechanism of MRWT in invigorating Qi, generating fluid, and checking diarrhea. MethodForty-eight SD immature rats were randomly divided into a blank group (n=12) and an experimental group (n=36). The diarrhea model was induced in the experimental group by Sennae Folium combined with overstrain and improper diet for 14 days. Subsequently, the model rats were randomly divided into a model group (normal saline, 20 mL·kg-1), a western medicine group (Medilac-Vita, 0.7 g·kg-1), and a Chinese medicine group (MRWT, 35 g·kg-1), with 12 rats in each group. The rats in the blank group received normal saline at 20 mL·kg-1, and those in the other groups were treated correspondingly, once a day for 7 days. The general condition, loose stool rate, and diarrhea index of the rats were observed daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the optical density expression of GABA protein in the colon of rats. The content of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B2 (Akt2), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt2, and GABA type A receptor subunit β2 (GABRB2) in the colon of rats were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot, respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group, the model group showed worsened general condition, The difference was not statistically significant of loose stool rate and diarrhea index, increased expression of GABA protein (P<0.05), elevated expression of PI3K, Akt2, p-Akt, and IL-1β (P<0.05, P<0.01), and up-regulated PI3K, Akt2, and GABRB2 mRNA and protein expression (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group showed the improved general condition, decreased loose stool rate and diarrhea index (P<0.01), and decreased content of PI3K, Akt2, p-Akt, and IL-1β (P<0.05). The Chinese medicine group displayed decreased mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt2, and GABRB2 (P<0.05, P<0.01) and down-regulated protein expression of GABA, PI3K, and GABRB2 (P<0.05, P<0.01). The western medicine group exhibited down-regulated mRNA expression of PI3K,Akt2,and protein of PI3K (P<0.05). ConclusionMRWT can regulate the GABA signaling pathway, reduce Cl- flow in intestinal epithelial cells to the intestinal lumen, and improve the imbalance of colonic fluid metabolism in the colon of diarrhea rats, thereby exerting its effects of invigorating qi, generating fluid, and checking diarrhea.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of nursing model based on story theory on cancer-related fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality of life of gastric cancer patients. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 gastric cancer patients admitted to gastroenterology department of The First Affiliated Hospital Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2017 to January 2018. Patients were randomly classified into observation group (n=61) and control group (n=59). All patients received routine nursing, based on this, patients in observation group received nursing model based on story theory. Interventions in both groups lasted for 3 weeks. Furthermore, all individuals were assessed using Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Short-form 36 Health Survey Scale (SF-36) at the baseline and 3 weeks after intervention. ResultsAfter intervention, there was a decrease in the each dimension score of RPFS in both groups (tcontrol group=10.305~15.639, tobservation group=18.821~32.589, P<0.01), and the above scores of control group were significantly higher than those of observation group (t=10.863~16.992, P<0.01). The scores of SAS and SDS were decreased in both groups after intervention (tcontrol group=13.964, 17.744, tobservation group=14.199, 9.361, P<0.01), and the post-intervention scores of SAS and SDS were significantly higher in control group than those in observation group (t=6.505, 8.460, P<0.01). After intervention, the score of SF-36 was elevated in both groups (tcontrol group=12.793, tobservation group=28.141, P<0.01), and the post-intervention score of SF-36 was significantly lower in control group than those in observation group(t=13.757, P<0.01). ConclusionCompared with routine nursing, nursing model based on story theory is of great significance in attenuating cancer-related fatigue, alleviating anxiety and depression, and improving quality of life of gastric cancer patients.
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Objective:To study the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) at different concentrations on seed germination, seedling growth and key enzyme activities for flavonoid biosynthesis in <italic>Astragalus membranaceus </italic>var.<italic> mongholicus</italic> under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, in order to provide theoretical reference for standardizing the drought-resistant cultivation techniques of <italic>A. membranaceus </italic>var.<italic> mongholicus</italic>. Method:The seeds of <italic>A. membranaceus </italic>var.<italic> mongholicus </italic>were soaked in EBR solution at different concentrations(0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) followed by foliar spraying to explore their effects on seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and key enzyme activities for flavonoid biosynthesis under drought stress induced by 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000. Result:Compared with the control(CK)group, PEG-induced drought stress led to an obvious decrease in germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, relative germination rate, plant height, root length, aboveground and root dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (<italic>Pn</italic>), stomata conductance (<italic>Gs</italic>)<italic>, </italic>transpiration rate (<italic>Tr</italic>), chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll a/b ratio, while a significant increase in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (<italic>Gi</italic>), MDA, flavonoids contents, and key enzyme activities for flavonoid biosynthesis such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The treatment with exogenous EBR solution at the suitable concentration significantly enhanced the adaptation of <italic>A. membranaceus </italic>var.<italic> mongholicus </italic>seeds and seedlings to PEG-induced drought stress, manifested as significantly elevated germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, relative germination rate, plant height, root length, aboveground and root dry weight, <italic>Pn</italic>, <italic>Gs, Tr</italic>, chlorophyll a/b ratio, chlorophyll and flavonoids contents and key enzyme activities for flavonoid biosynthesis like PAL while lowered <italic>Ci</italic> and MDA contents. The optimal concentration of EBR solution was 0.1 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>. Conclusion:Exogenous EBR solution at the suitable concentration ameliorates the inhibitory effect of 20% PEG stress against seed germination and seedling growth of <italic>A. membranaceus </italic>var.<italic> mongholicus</italic>, reduces the oxidative damage in leaves, and improves the stress resistance to a certain extent by up-regulating the key enzyme activities and promoting flavonoid synthesis.
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Xiehuangsan, derived from QIAN Yi's Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases, consists of 5 medicines, namely Gypsum Fibrosum,Gardeniae Fructus,Saposhnikoviae Radix,Pogostemonis Herba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It is used to treat children with spleen heat and tongue scratching. With the clinical use of later generations of physicians,the scope of diseases and syndromes of this prescription was gradually expanded,including aphthous bad breath,dry lips,yellow eyes,and sweet mouth. Modern doctors used this prescription to treat children with anorexia,constipation,allergic purpura,tic disorder, and other diseases. At present,more and more attention has been paid to the research of classical famous prescriptions. At the same time,the application of classical famous prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) must be researched and verified in ancient literature. Therefore,it has become important contents in the study of classic prescriptions that researching the source of prescriptions from the ancient books,combing and analyzing literature,and studying the evolution rules of indications,preparations,methods of administration and taboos.The author searched a variety of ancient Chinese medicine databases and collected the relevant documents related to Xiehuangsan in ancient medical books. A total of 242 pieces of relevant ancient document data were obtained,involving 131 types of ancient Chinese medicine books. Through combing the relevant records of historical documents,this paper analyzes and researches the historical evolution of Xiehuangsan,the source and composition of the prescriptions,the indications,the dosage,the textual research of Chinese herbal medicine and the determination of the basis,and the method of prescription preparation and administration,etc. The historical changes of Xiehuangsan and its internal relations are expected to provide literature references and theoretical basis for the modern development and research of Xiehuangsan.
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<p><b>Background</b>In a small proportion of cases, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) involves the medial tibial plateau (MT). Here, we introduced the clinical characteristics of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) as the favorable treatment for this situation based on a retrospective case study.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (China) from March 2015 to June 2016, were included as a case serial and analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent Oxford Medial UKA. The characteristics of their lesions, corresponding treatment, and results of follow-up were presented. The lesion scores and grade were determined according to the criteria of Ficat and Arlet.</p><p><b>Results</b>In total, 22 patients (5 men, 17 women; mean age, 64.1 years) with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT were analyzed. The lesion stages assessment showed that 3 (14%) were Stage II, 10 (45%) were Stage III, 7 (32%) were Stage IV, and 2 (9%) were Stage V. In the sagittal plane, 7 (32%) were in the anterior region (MTa) and 15 (68%) were central (MTc). The lesion volume averaged 2.24 ± 0.79 cm (range: 1.57-3.08 cm). Seventeen patients (77%) had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears (MMRTs). All the patients underwent UKA. Average follow-up was 30.0 ± 6.4 months with a range of 23.0-38.0 months. The visual analog scale score was 7.78 ± 0.67 before surgery while decreased to 2.22 ± 1.09 at the final follow-up (P < 0.001). The Hospital for Special Surgery scores of pre-/post-surgery were 65.67 ± 5.45 and 84.10 ± 4.20, respectively (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>SONK often occurs in the anterior and central tibial plateau due to abnormal stresses. Most of the patients had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears. MRI is recommended for suspected cases to identify SONK at an early stage. The use of the Oxford Medial UKA for SONK of the MT is reliable both immediately and at follow-up.</p>
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Objective To observe the effect of aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid compound on the apoptosis of K562 cells in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)and explore its acting mechanisms.Methods K562 cells were transfected with different concentrations of aptamer-siRNA solution.The effects of aptamer-siRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were detected by MTT method and AnnexinV/PI double staining method,respectively.The effects of aptamer-siRNA on the expressions of bcl-2,Bax and casepase-3 at protein and mRNA levels in K562 cells were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR method,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,the proliferation of K562 cells was significantly inhibited,early apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased significantly,the expression levels of bcl-2 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased,while the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein and mRNA were significantly increased after transfection with aptamer-siRNA (P <0.05).Aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid complex at the concentration of 50 -250 μmol/L)had a significant dose-effect relationship on bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 mRNA.Conclusion Aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid compound can promote the decreased number of bcl-2 gene and the growth of Bax and caspase-3 genes,thus promoting the apoptosis of K562 cells.
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Objective To observe the effect of aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid compound on the apoptosis of K562 cells in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)and explore its acting mechanisms.Methods K562 cells were transfected with different concentrations of aptamer-siRNA solution.The effects of aptamer-siRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were detected by MTT method and AnnexinV/PI double staining method,respectively.The effects of aptamer-siRNA on the expressions of bcl-2,Bax and casepase-3 at protein and mRNA levels in K562 cells were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR method,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,the proliferation of K562 cells was significantly inhibited,early apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased significantly,the expression levels of bcl-2 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased,while the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein and mRNA were significantly increased after transfection with aptamer-siRNA (P <0.05).Aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid complex at the concentration of 50 -250 μmol/L)had a significant dose-effect relationship on bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 mRNA.Conclusion Aptamer-siRNA nucleic acid compound can promote the decreased number of bcl-2 gene and the growth of Bax and caspase-3 genes,thus promoting the apoptosis of K562 cells.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore rest, cold compress and elevate (RICE) with rest, compress and elevate (RCE) without cold for the treatment of acute ankle sprain, in order to clear mid-term clinical effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-nine patients with acute ankle sprains were collected from January 2013 to March 2014,including 30 males and 59 females aged from 18 to 60 years old with an average of 36 years old; the time from injury to hospital ranged from 3 to 24 h with an average of 9 h. All patients were divided into two groups according to visiting sequence. There were 45 patients in RICE group, and 45 patients in RCE groups. The main therapeutic effect index was evaluated by Karlsson scoring, and secondary therapeutic effect index was pain and satisfactory VAS scores. Safety index evaluated by adverse event.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 2nd weeks after injury, Karlsson score in RICE group was 44.66 ± 11.58, and 46.67 ± 8.52 in RCE group, while there was no statistical significance between two groups in Karlsson scores (P > 0.05). Karlsson score of two groups after treatment were higher than before treatment. There was no significantly meaning in pain and satisfactory VAS scores between two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse reaction were occurred between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cold compress did not receive much more final gains, and no evidence showed cold compress could affect recovery of joint function.</p>
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Ankle Injuries , Therapeutics , Case-Control Studies , Cold Temperature , Sprains and Strains , Therapeuticsالملخص
Objective To provide the guidance for the control and treatment of blood stream infec-tion caused by Serratia marcescens strains through analyzing the homology and drug resistant genes of the iso-lates collected from the Intensive Care Unit ( ICU) of Shaoxing County Central Hospital.Methods Serratia marcescens strains were isolated from ICU patients with blood stream infection and also from the hands of health care providers in the ICU from June 1st to September 30th, 2013.The antibiotic susceptibilities of the Serratia marcescens isolates were tested.PCR was performed to amplify the common drug resistant genes. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) was carried out for analyzing the homology of all isolates.The com-plete clinical data of the patients were collected and statistically analyzed with Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient.Results Seventeen strains were isolated in this study.All of the 17 strains were resistant to the first and second generation Cephalosporin, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, and sensitive to Amikacin and Ceftazidime.The drug resistant rates to Carbapenems ranged from 11.76%to 35.29%.One of the isolates (5.88%) carried the TEM gene.The results of PFGE showed that the phenotypes of all isolates were identi-cal.Conclusion Serratia marcescens strains were critical hospital infectious pathogens.They were able to spread in the hospital and were resistant to multiple antibiotics.Clinical physicians should properly use anti-biotics for the patients based on the result of drug susceptibility test.A control regulation for Serratia marces-cens infection within hospital should be enforced to avoid the cross infection and the outbreak of resistant strains.
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BackgroundWith the number of diabetics increases,people pay more attention to the diabetic keratopathy.The major mechanism leading to diabetic keratopathy is diabetic corneal neuropathy.So it is significant to observe pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Objective To investigate the protective effects of edaravone( a free radical scavenger) on corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathy,then explain the effects of oxidative stress in the pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Methods Seventy Sprague-Daxley male rats were taken as experimental subjects and 20 of them were used as normal control group.The remaining 50 were induced to be diabetic mellitus by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and divided into 2 groups randomly:edaravone treated group and diabetic control group.In the edaravone treated group,edaravone(0.2 g/L) eye drops were used 3 times a day until the animal was killed.Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 6,8,10 and 12 weeks respectively.Then the corneal sensation,number of corneal nerve fibers,morphology,content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the corneal tissue were detected.ResultsIn the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the number of corneal nerve fibers were decreased,the density of neural network for cluster was sparse,the nerve activity was decreased,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly increased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.01 ).Accompany with the course of disease,the above change was obvious day after day.Compared with the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the morphological abnormalities in corneal nerve of edaravone group were improved significantly which had the partial branches to the 12th week,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly increased (P<0.01).Conclusions Edaravone can lower diabetic corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathyinjury,Oxidative stress may be a critical pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy.
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Objective To understand the perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination as well as the differences and reasons of them among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members. Methods 307 people were investigated and 117 of which were HIV/AIDS and the others were their family members. Face to face interview was carried out. Results HIV/AIDS and their family were living in the social environment rounded by stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination could be divided into perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination, and these two kinds of stigma and discrimination were statistically significant different between HIV/AIDS and their family members (t=-12.540, P=0.000) , and the perceived stigma and discrimination was more serious than received stigma and discrimination. The perceived stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.558, P=0.041 ), family APGAR (OR= 0.650, P=0.027), infected with HIV or not (OR= 2.116,P=0.004). The received stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.468,P=0.028), family APGAR (OR=0.427, P=0.000) whether infected by HIV (OR=3.412, P=0.001 ). Conclusion Stigma and discrimination did exist in the environment where HIV/AIDS and their family lived, suggesting that it was necessary to develop a series of policies and measures to fight against stigma and discrimination.
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Objective To explore effect of physic temperature dropping by ice blanket on incidence of pressure ulcer of stroke patients in ICU, and normalize the basic nursing procedure during temperature reduc-tion.Methods 230 fever patients were randomly divided into the group A(control temperature with ice blan-ket,108 cases)and the group B (control temperature with routine measure,122 cases).Thc incidence of pressure ulcer and surface temperature of pressed position in the two groups were compared.Results The incidence of pressure ulcer and surface temperature of pressed position in group A was lower than those of group B.Conclusions The incidence of pressure ulcer can be reduced by using ice blanket for physic temperature dropping.The pressure of pressed position were descended by alternative prostration and lateral position.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Children aged 3 - 6 years in the urban areas of China were surveyed for the first time to find out the state of child neglect (CN) as well as the major relevant risk factors so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1163 children (of whom 49.6% were males and 4.5% were minority nationality) were randomly sampled under multistage stratification, from 25 cities which representing 15 provinces of China. Based on the Child Neglect Norms used by China, prevalence of CN was identified and SPSS-Windows 11.0 was employed for statistical analysis. Scores, frequency/degrees, age, sex and 5 types (physical, emotional, educational, medical and safety) of CN on every group of the regions, were calculated. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through Binary Logistic Regression and multiple linear regression to determine the relevant risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The average degree of CN for the 3 - 6 year-olds was 42.2, with its prevalence as 28.0%. Degrees of CN for the groups of 3, 4, 5, 6-year-olds were 41.7, 42.2, 42.1 and 43.1 (F = 0.988, P > 0.05), with frequencies of 25.0%, 25.3%, 27.9% and 35.4% (chi(2) = 4.798, P > 0.05), respectively. Degrees for CN in males and females were 42.7 and 41.8 (F = 2.502, P > 0.05) with the frequencies as 32.6% and 23.7% (chi(2) = 6.585, P < 0.05), respectively. Degrees of CN for the five types were 39.4-43.4 with the frequencies as 5.1%-12.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the frequency of the types (with an exception on 'physical neglect') between males and females (P > 0.05). The highest frequency (42.9%) of CN was seen in the single-parent families and the lowest in large family with three generations (25.5%). (2) According to monofactorial chi(2) test, the possible risk factors of CN would include: educational background, occupation and decrease of income of the parents during last year, etc. (3) Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the influential factors to the occurrence of CN would include: father's educational background, sex of the child and mother's occupation, etc. (4) Multiple linear regression showed that the influential factors to the degree of CN were: family structure, number of supporting family members, relationship between parents and children, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The degree and frequency of CN among children aged 3 to 6 in the urban areas of China were high but similar among the four age groups. Male children had a higher frequency of neglect than females, but with similar degree. Children in single-parent families had the highest frequency. The major influential factors of CN would include: educational background, occupation, family structure, family income of the parents which were similar to the results reported from foreign literature.</p>
الموضوعات
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Child Abuse , China , Epidemiology , Parenting , Parents , Psychology , Social Class , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Populationالملخص
Starting from the clinical practice,this paper considers the common used syndrome typing in current of zang-fu differentiation are basic syndromes. It is too general,weak in pertinency and inconvenient for the clinical application. Therefore,we provide the new assumption about the detailed typing of zang-fu differentiation,and expatiate its concept,principle,basis and significance. Through these,TCM syndrome differentiation system can be expanded in some sense. The paper also provides a new way for building an objective and standard TCM system.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the expression pattern of Th1 and Th2 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis including sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and coinfection with human immunodeficiency viruses(HIV), and its relation to disease severity.Methods The expression pattern of CD4+T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood samples from sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, coinfection with HIV patients and healthy controls were studied by flow cytometry.Results The expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th1 cells in sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were significantly lower than that in healthy group(31.22?9.80)%,(9.78?3.09)% vs (43.77?10.78)%,(25.26?4.73)%; The expression of Th2 cells in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in healthy group(18.65?3.49)% vs(10.15?2.60)%; The Th2 level in severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in the medium and mild patients(21.70?2.67)% vs (14.87?1.66)% ,(17.48?2.06)%, while the CD4+T lymphocytes and Th1 levels were significantly lower; The CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th2 cells levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients coinfection with HIV were lower than that in tuberculosis patients without HIV coinfection(21.88?3.71)%,(8.79?2.28)% vs (31.22?9.80)%,(18.65?3.49)%.Compared with the healthy group, Th1 cells level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without coinfection of HIV were lower(25.21?4.73)% vs (9.39?2.65)%,(9.78?3.09)%.Conclusion Patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis showed lower expression of Th1 and higher expression of Th2,This profile was correlated with disease severity.Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV coinfection showed both of lower expression of Th1 without enhancement of the type 2 response.