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Objective To investigate the need for and utilization of health services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province,aiming to provide further evidence for the improvement of healthcare.Methods Using stratified random sampling,1921 individuals from six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups,aged 15 and above,were investigated with a structured questionnaire between August and December 2022.A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants'information on health service needs and utilization.Results Am-ong the surveyed participants,the two-week prevalence rate was found to be 22.54%,while the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 38.52%.Among the residents,the risk of two-week prevalence was higher for females(OR=1.564),individuals aged≥60 years(OR=1.727),and those who reported poorer health utility value(OR=5.277),while it was lower for residents of Keno(OR=0.470)and Lahu(OR=0.659)ethnicity,as well as those who reported higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.446/0.174).Meanwhile,residents aged≥45 years(OR=3.392/7.072)were at higher risk for chronic disease prevalence,while it was lower for Keno ethnicity(OR=0.409),unmarried individuals(OR=0.479),and those with higher education levels(OR=0.629/0.603),higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.208)P<0.05.Additionally,among the participants,the treat-ment rate for two-week illness was 14.32%,while the non-treatment rate stood at 36.49%.Furthermore,the one-year hospitalization rate was reported as 19.89%,with a corresponding rate of individuals who needed hospitalization but did not receive it being recorded at 15.86%.Among the residents,the likelihood of treatment for two-week illness was higher for females(OR=1.461)and residents aged≥45 years(OR=1.510/1.560),whereas it was lower for individuals with higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.445).The likelihood of hospitalization within one year was also higher for residents aged≥60 years(OR=2.029)and individuals of Nu(OR=1.599),Lisu(OR=1.688),and Keno(OR=1.968)ethnicity,whereas those with high EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.325)had a lower risk(P<0.05).Conclusion In Yunnan Province,the need for healthcare services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in this study is relatively low;however,the high prevalence of chronic diseases raises concerns.The utilization of healthcare services appears to be relatively sufficient,but the utilization of outpatient services still needs to be improved.
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On August 2-4,2023,the"Third Summit Forum on'Building a Community of Shared Future for Doctors and Patients'"was jointly organized by institutions such as the Chinese Medical Ethics,the Hospital Humanities Management and Talent Training Special Committee of the China Population and Culture Promotion Association,Center for Ethical Studies of Renmin University of China,the Newspaper for China's Physicians,the China Health Law Society,the China Anti-Cancer Association,and the China Association For Ethical Studies in Harbin.The conference arranged a sub-forum for the"Seminar on the Construction of Chinese Medical Humanities",with domestic medical humanities scholars attending the conference.After heated discussions at the seminar,the Scholars'Consensus on the Construction and Development of Chinese Medical Humanities was formed.It was proposed that in the new era,it is urgent to build the medical humanities discipline,as well as lead the academic integration and development of medical humanities under the core socialist values.At the same time,for the construction of the medical humanities discipline,it is necessary to optimize the organizational mechanism,prosper and develop the overall framework of the medical humanities discipline,accelerate the construction of a professional teaching team for the medical humanities discipline,promote the establishment of a new carrier medical humanities education and teaching in cultivating morality and nurturing talents,as well as focus on solving problems related to the cultivation of medical humanities graduate students.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that atorvastatin can up-regulate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and enhance the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative damage ability of cells.However,whether atorvastatin can regulate macrophage polarization,inhibit inflammation and reduce cholesterol accumulation by inducing heme oxygenase-1 expression remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on polarization,inflammation and cholesterol content of oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by inducing heme oxygenase-1 expression and its related mechanism. METHODS:Firstly,RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into six groups and incubated with different concentrations of atorvastatin for 24 hours.The expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein and cell activity were detected to explore the optimal dose of atorvastatin for subsequent studies.RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into control group,atorvastatin group and heme oxygenase-1 inhibition group.Cells were preincubated with pure medium,atorvastatin 20 μmol/L and atorvastatin 20 μmol/L + zinc protoporphyrin IX 10 μmol/L for 24 hours,and then oxidized low-density lipoprotein 50 mg/L was added for 48 hours.The polarization of macrophages was detected by flow cytometry.The secretion of inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor β,interleukin 10,interleukin 1β,and tumor necrosis factor α was detected by ELISA.The expression levels of heme oxygenase-1,LC3II,LC3I,P62,PPARγ and ABCA1 were detected by western blot assay.The intracellular cholesterol content was measured with the oxidose method and the accumulation degree of intracellular lipid droplets was evaluated by oil red O staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Atorvastatin could induce the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.(2)Oxidized low-density lipoprotein could induce macrophages to polarize towards M1,secrete proinflammatory factors,and increase the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol.(3)Compared with the control group,the heme oxygenase-1 protein expression of macrophages was increased after atorvastatin intervention,and the cells turned to M2-type polarization and mainly secreted anti-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10.PPARγ,ABCA1,LC3II/I and other signal molecules reflecting cholesterol efflux and autophagy increased,and the contents of intracellular cholesterol and lipid droplets decreased significantly(P<0.05).(4)The heme oxygenase-1 inhibition group treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX significantly reversed the above changes in the atorvastatin group.(5)The results have shown that atorvastatin may promote the polarization of macrophages stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein to M2 type and inhibit inflammation by up-regulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and by up-regulating PPARγ/ABCA1 signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy.Atorvastatin can increase the outflow of intracellular cholesterol and reduce the accumulation of intracellular lipids.
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Objective: To explore the role of parental reproductive age on the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Methods: The participants were derived from physical examination data of students aged 6-18 years in seven provinces in China, and questionnaire survey was used to collect demographic characteristics and lifestyle information of the students and their parents. A total of 41 567 children with complete data were included. According to the restricted cubic spline curve, maternal reproductive age was divided into three categories, 14-23, 24-28, and 29-38 years, and paternal reproductive age was divided into 14-23, 24-30, and 31-42 years. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between parental reproductive age and parental nutritional status and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Results: The mean age of 41 567 children was (10.6±3.2) years, and the mean paternal and maternal age were (27.9±4.4) years and (25.8±4.0) years, respectively. The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 23.4%. After adjusting factors of children diet and behaviors, the OR(95%CI)of offspring overweight and obesity in groups of fathers aged 24-30 years and mothers aged 24-28 years was 1.11 (1.04-1.18) and 1.16 (1.08-1.24), respectively. When none parents were overweight and obese, the difference of obesity risk was not statistically significant. When both parents were overweight and obese, the OR(95%CI)of offspring overweight and obesity in groups of fathers aged 24-30 years and mothers aged 14-28 years old was 1.27 (1.00-1.62) and 1.33 (1.07-1.65) respectively. Conclusion: Parental reproductive age and parental overweight and obesity status may both increase the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring, with a significant interaction effect.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Fathers , Mothers , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Risk Factorsالملخص
【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of full-endoscopic posterolateral odontoidectomy through morphological analysis and cadaver specimen surgery. 【Methods】 We collected the DICOM data of 20 normal cervical CT patients （10 males and 10 females） from the PACS Image Library of our hospital. The Mimics software was used for cervical CT reconstruction and anatomical measurements were made to measure the maximum sagittal diameter， coronal diameter and height of the odontoid process. The C1 lateral mass could provide the maximum working height and width of endoscopic operation with a diameter of 7 mm， as well as the angle between the anchor point of C1 lateral mass and the notch on both sides of the odontoid process. The feasibility of endoscopic surgery was analyzed based on the measured data. The fresh frozen corpse was used for the operation in prone position under the guidance of C-arm. Kirschner wire was anchored at the midpoint of the lower surface of the C1 lateral mass. Part of the C1 lateral mass was removed by the grinding drill and endoscopic tools， and then the odontoid process and adjacent ligaments were removed. 【Results】 The maximum sagittal diameter， coronal diameter and height of the odontoid process were （11.73±0.74）mm， （10.97±0.71）mm and （14.51±0.91）mm， respectively. The working height and width of the C1 lateral mass were （13.53±0.57）mm and （10.00±1.27）mm， respectively. The angle between the anchor point and the double-edge notch of the odontoid process was （28.3±3.1）°， with no statistical difference between the male and female patients （P>0.05）. All the measurements met the requirements of 7 mm endoscopic implantation and surgical operation， and the space for swing could be provided for complete or partial removal of the odontoid process to meet the requirements of ventral spinal decompression. In cadaver surgery， a fully endoscopic posterolateral approach enabled complete removal of the odontoid process by grinding part of the C1 lateral mass. Postoperative cervical CT confirmed that the odontoid process had been completely resected， and there were no signs of dural sac or vertebral artery injury. 【Conclusion】 The odontoid process can be completely resected through a posterolateral endoscopic approach via the lateral mass approach of C1， providing a new surgical method for clinical odontoidectomy to decompress the spinal cord in craniovertebral junction.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of CT and ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of lung or pleural lesions.Methods:The clinical data of 193 patients with lung space occupying lesions near the pleura who underwent CT or ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture in Shiyan People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from February 2017 to October 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the puncture mode, the patients were divided into CT-guided group ( n=115) and ultrasound-guided group ( n=78) . The general clinical data, pathological examination results, puncture success rate and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results:The detection rate of malignant tumors in the CT-guided group (60.00%, 69/115) was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group (50.00%, 39/78) , with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.89, P=0.170) . The puncture success rate in the CT-guided group (88.70%, 102/115) was slightly lower than that in the ultrasound-guided group (93.59%, 73/78) , with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.32, P=0.251) . The incidence of postoperative complications in the CT-guided group (18.26%, 21/115) was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group (6.41%, 5/78) , with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.60, P=0.018) . The incidence of pneumothorax in the CT-guided group (13.04%, 15/115) was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group (3.85%, 3/78) , with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.65, P=0.031) . The incidence rate of bleeding in the CT-guided group (5.22%, 6/115) was higher than that in the ultrasound-guided group (2.56%, 2/78) , with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.82, P=0.364) . In the CT-guided group, 1 patient (0.87%) had severe bleeding requiring surgical treatment, 5 patients (4.35%) required closed thoracic drainage for treatment. In the ultrasound-guided group, no patients had pneumothorax or bleeding requiring drainage or surgery. Univariate analysis showed that the puncture method was an independent risk factor for the puncture success rate in patients with lesion-pleura contact arc length (LPCAL) ≥38 mm ( OR=7.82, 95% CI: 1.57-35.50, P=0.039) . Multivariate analysis showed that puncture method is an independent risk factor affecting the puncture success rate in patients with LPCAL≥38 mm ( OR=7.75, 95% CI: 1.44-41.36, P=0.042) . Among patients with LPCAL≥38 mm, the puncture success rates of CT- and ultrasound-guided puncture were 84.38% (54/64) and 98.00% (49/50) , respectively, and the puncture success rate of CT-guided puncture was lower than that of ultrasound-guided puncture, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.52, P=0.034) . In LPCAL<38 mm patients, the puncture success rates of CT- and ultrasound-guided puncture were 94.12% (48/51) and 85.71% (24/28) , respectively, and the CT-guided puncture success rate was higher than that of the ultrasound-guided puncture, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.71, P=0.399) . Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy of lung or pleural lesions has the advantages of high diagnostic rate and few complications. Both ultrasound-guided and CT-guided puncture biopsy are feasible methods for puncture of chest wall lesions. When LPCAL≥38 mm, ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy may have more advantages.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.
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Animals , Mice , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Colitis/prevention & control , Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism , Colon/metabolism , Dextran Sulfate/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Inflammation/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Spirulinaالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in 71 normal healthy donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).@*METHODS@#From March 2018 to July 2019, 71 patients received allo-HSCT in The General Hospital of Western Theater Command were enrolled in the study, a single dose of PEG-rhG-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 12 mg to all the stem cell donors. After injection for 4 days, CD34@*RESULTS@#Seventy-one healthy stem cell donors included 39 males and 32 females with a median age of 38 (16-58) years old. The median number of CD34@*CONCLUSION@#For allo-HSCT donor mobilization, PEG-rh-G-CSF is effective, safe, and convenient, providing more options for HSC mobilization.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antigens, CD34 , Graft vs Host Disease , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Recombinant Proteins , Retrospective Studiesالملخص
Objective:To detect the expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 4 (caspase-4), caspase-5, gasdermin D (GSDMD), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), Pannexin-1 and P2X7 involved in non-canonical pyroptosis pathway in muscle tissues of patients with dermatomyositis (DM)/polymyositis (PM) and to investigate the roles and significance of them in the pathogenesis of DM and PM.Methods:Altogether 13 DM patients, nine PM patients and 20 volunteers (control group) treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2019 to September 2020 were enrolled in the present study. The 20 volunteers with no additional concomitant diseases underwent debridement due to simple orthopedic trauma. Pathological changes in muscle tissues were detected by hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining. Expression of caspase-4, caspase-5, GSDMD, NLRP3, Pannexin-1 and P2X7 in muscle tissues was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results:(1) HE staining results showed that the muscle fibers in the control group had basically normal morphology and structure with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, atrophy, degeneration or necrosis. However, the size and thickness of muscle fibers in DM and PM groups were different with excessive inflammatory cell infiltration, atrophy, degeneration and necrosis to varying degrees. Moreover, the pathological scores of HE staining in muscle tissues of DM and PM groups were significantly higher than that of the control group and the differences were of statistical significance ( P<0.05). (2) IHC staining results suggested that the expression of caspase-4, caspase-5, GSDMD, NLRP3, Pannexin-1 and P2X7 in muscle tissues was higher in DM and PM groups than in the control group ( P<0.05). (3) As indicated by Pearson correlation analysis, the pathological scores of HE staining in muscle tissues of DM and PM groups were positively correlated with the IHC scores of caspase-4, caspase-5, GSDMD, NLRP3, PAnnexin-1 and P2X7 ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the IHC scores of caspase-4 and caspase-5 were positively correlated with the IHC scores of GSDMD and Pannexin-1 ( P<0.05); the IHC score of GSDMD was positively correlated with the IHC score of NLRP3 ( P<0.05); the IHC score of Pannexin-1 was positively correlated with the IHC score of P2X7 in muscle tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The non-canonical pyroptosis pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of DM and PM, which was possibly achieved by promoting inflammatory response. These results suggested that the non-canonical pyroptosis pathway played crucial roles in the immune pathogenesis of DM and PM.
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Objective:To analyze the current situation of major projects undertaken by medical colleges and universities in China, and the medical research competitiveness and its changing trend.Methods:Based on the data of National Key R & D Program, the research competitiveness and trend of medical subject in ten medical colleges and universities with strong competitiveness in medical scientific research during 2016-2020 were analyzed by range ratio, coefficient of variation and competitiveness index.Results:Ten medical colleges and universities have undertaken 459 projects of National Key R & D Program, and have been funded 5 788 million yuan of central financial funds. From 2016 to 2020, the coefficient of variation of National Key R & D Program on major medical colleges and universities increased from 56.25% to 62.91%. The change trend of competitiveness index shows that the medical research competitiveness in universities with strong initial competitiveness has increased, while the weaker ones decreased.Conclusions:Projects of National Key R & D Program undertaken by medical colleges and universities have a large volume and high support intensity. National Key R & D Program on the whole presents the Matthew effect, and the competitiveness of medical scientific research has been differentiated. There is an obvious trend of interdisciplinary integration between medical discipline and other disciplines in the process of undertaking projects of National Key R & D Program.
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To explore the effect of tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) on the occurrence and development of breast cancer, we employed the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) transgenic mice as a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model. Animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The animals were divided into control group, low-dose TanIIA treatment group (30 mg·kg-1·day-1), and high-dose TanIIA treatment group (60 mg·kg-1·day-1). The treatment was administered orally and daily for 5 weeks. The mice were sacrificed after final treatment. Mammary gland and lung were collected for histopathology studies. We evaluated the chemoprophylaxis effect of TanIIA on breast cancer in mice according to the pathological characteristics of breast cancer at different stages of development. Immunofluorescence staining were employed for blood vessel analysis. The expression levels of E-cadherin, proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA), and oncogene c-Myc were detected by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and Cytoscape was used to construct drug-disease protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Our results showed that TanIIA inhibits breast tumor progression by delaying malignancy from adenoma to early carcinoma, and inhibits blood vessel formation during tumor development. TanIIA (60 mg·kg-1·day-1) inhibits the expression levels of PCNA and c-Myc, upregulates the expression of E-cadherin. In addition, cell cycle experiments showed that the cell cycle of PyMT primary mammary cells in the high-dose TanIIA group was arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Our study demonstrated that TanIIA can significantly inhibit breast tumor progression in MMTV-PyMT mouse model, which may be related to the inhibition of angiogenic switch and cell cycle arrest.
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Aim To explore the effect of THPA1 in the metasta- sis of gastric cancer and the underlying mechanism. Methods The correlation between TRPA1 and the survival time of gastric cancer patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plotter data base. The expressions of TRPA1 in different cells were detected by Western blot. Docking was used to explore the binding poten tial between cardamonin and TRPA1. Long-term dynamic cell imaging, CCK-8 and Transwell were used to evaluate the effects of HC-030031 and cardamonin on the proliferation and migration of MKN-45 cells. The differential metabolites between normal gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells were studied by GC-MS. Results The expression of TRPA1 in gastric cancer patients was significantly negatively correlated with their surviv al. TRPA1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer cells. And the migration of gastric cancer cells was positively correlated with the expression and activation of TRPA1. Cardamonin had similar pharmacological effects with HC-030031, both of which could reduce the migration of gastric cancer cells. The metabolic path ways of asparagine and myo-inositol were found to be different between gastric cancer cells and normal gastric epithelial cells by cell metabolomics analysis. Conclusions TRPAI may be an indicator for detecting gastric cancer metastasis. Cardamonin in hibits metastasis by binding to TRPAI, meanwhile restrains the activation of TRPAI. Cardamonin may inhibit the function of TRPAI by binding to TRPAI, playing a role in inhibiting gastric cancer metastasis.
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Transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7(TRPM7) is a non-selective cation channel fused with a functional kinase domain. Studies have shown that TRPM7 is aberrantly expressed in tumor cells. TRPM7 plays a variety of functional roles in cancer cells including survival t cell cycle progression, proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. The high correlation between TR-PM7 and tumorigcnesis makes TRPM7 a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for malignant tumors. In this arti cle , we review the research progress of TRPM7 and tumor progression, explore the mechanism of TRPM7-mediated tumor development and the clinical treatment of tumor strategy targeting TRPM7, and provide some reference for follow-up research and clinical treatment.
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Clinical training base is playing an important role in the quality guarantee of postgradu-ates in clinical medicine. The clinical allocation, teaching resources and teaching staff are important factors affecting the quality of teaching. Clinical training bases should define the teaching objectives and guarantee the teaching orientation, organization and incentive system. Meanwhile, the clinical training bases should do well in teaching evaluation and continuous improvement, so that to promote the implementation of teaching objectives and ensure the quality of teaching. Finally, a training mechanism centering on the growth and development of postgraduates majoring in clinical medicine will be constructed, improving the training effect and cultivating excellent clinicians.
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Objective To investigate the protein expression of Atg7 and Atg12-Atg5 in myocardium of streptozotocin (STZ)diabetic rats.Methods The diabetic model was made in rats by injection of STZ.The rats were divided into control group(NC)and diabetes model group(DM).The left ventricular weight index of rats was detected at the time of 10,20,30,40,60,80,100 d after model initiated.The protein expression of Atg7 and Atg12-Atg5 in myocardium of rats was assayed by western blot.The myocardial ultrastructure and autophagosome were observed by electron microscope. Results Compared with rats in NC group at the same period,the left ventricular weight index in DM group increased since the day of 40th.The protein expression of Atg7 and Atg12-Atg5 in myocardium of diabetic rats increased a little at 20 d(It had not a statistical significance),but reduced significantly at 80 d(P<0.01).The changes in the myocardial ultrastructure and decrease in autophagosome were both obvious in diabetic rats at 80 d.Conclusions With the develop-ment of diabetes mellitus,the autophagy level in myocardium of STZ diabetic rats finally is reduced.
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The technological level of medical device trials researchers directly affects the validity and risk of trials,but now almost all the research programs and informed consents don't have designate researchers.The analyses of the contents of three informed consents suggested that "researcher information" was that the subjects paid great attention to and had the right to know;in order to respect the subject autonomy,maintain the justice of research,reduce the harm and maintain social harmony,the information of researchers of medical device clinical trials with significant risk involved operation should be informed to subjects.In this regard,policy and ethical review should make clear requirements in practice.
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From the interest of subjects in clinical trials,this paper analyzed the ethical issues of the following cases.It included that the standard operating procedures of the clinical trial were contrary to the programs;the clinical trials failed because of statistical problems;unnecessary duplication blood increased the damage to subjects.It is recommend that relative researchers of the clinical trials of in vitro diagnostic reagent should grasp the scientificity and ethicality,improve the quality of clinical trials and effectively protect the rights and interests of subjects.
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This study conducted questionnaire survey to graduate medical students in Medicine (M.D.) and Stomatological Medicine (S.M.D) enrolled at Peking University Health Science Center in the year 2013,analyzed on the understanding,period,forms,mentoring and effect of research training.Suggestions are proposed to strengthen the research training,for example,focusing on clinical training as well as research training,aiming at clinical issues,emphasize of clinical scientific research,permeating the concept oftransformation medicine,promotion of intense full-time research,strengthen the mentoring of professors.
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Objective To gain a better knowledge of the changes of education funds investment for postgraduates of professional master's degree of clinical medicine before and after reform of the investment mechanism of graduate education. Methods 16 universities in which pilot reform of connection between postgraduate education and standardized training for residents were established were selected. A survey was conducted in terms of education funds investment, cost and living treatment during the period of clinical training. It also included the situation of standardized medical residency training. Descriptive analysis and t-test were performed to investigation results, using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results The average education funds were (17 100 ±11 100) yuan per person and (20 700 ±11 800) yuan per person, living treatments were (11 600±8 700) yuan per person per year and (10 200±8 700) yuan per person per year, tuition fees were (7 700±3 600) yuan per person per year and (8 800±2 100) yuan per person per year, tuition fees paid by students were (3 600±3 900) yuan per person per year and (7 700±3 400) yuan per person per year respectively before and after reform. Differences of average education funds, living treat-ments and tuition fees were not significant, while the difference between tuition fees paid by students were significant. After the re-form, students pay more tuition fees than before. Funds investment and living treat-ment of residents were significantly higher than that of graduate students. Conclusion Differences of edu-cation funds investment for professional master's degree of clinical medicine are great. And the training funds are difficult to fully meet the requirements of the culture. The life treatment is difficult to achieve equal pay to residents. We suggest perfecting the medical colleges financing mechanism and management, unifying and improving all kinds of medical college student funding standards, and setting up special funds to improve the postgraduate life treatment.
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Objective To explore the current status of sexual education and real needs of college freshmen in Kunming.Methods By applying random sampling,350 students from three universities in Kunming were investigated by seff-administered questionnaire,and 310 valid questionnaires were recovered.Fesults 23.9％ students confirmed that the schools do not provide courses related to sexual health,and 22.9％ of the surveyed students claimed that they even did not heard any sexual education courses in their schools.The main sources of students to acquire information in terms of sexuality and sexual health are network television,video magazines,friends and classmates.Both male and female students are more acceptable to carry out sex education lectures.There were significant differences between male and female students in the form of obtaining sexual education,the content of sexual education and the demand of sexual education in three aspects (P＜0.05).Girls tend to carry out sexual education in the form of major courses,but boys tend to the form of playing video or distributing books and periodicals (P＜0.05).Girls tend to obtain the courses on sexually disease,AIDS,heterosexual intercourse,or love psychology,but boys tend to contraceptive knowledge and skilIs,or Sexual value orientation (P＜0.05).Girls are more likely to acquire the knowledge of masturbation,sexual health,or sexual health,but boys prefer to the knowledge of sexual psychology,parasexuality,or homosexuality (P＜0.05).Conclusion As a main body of educational institute for young people,all universities should provide training courses related to sexuality and sexual health at the early stage of higher education in order to equip college students with essential knowledge and skills to have safer and positive impact on their college studies.