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Objective:To investigate whether interleukin(IL)-1β is involved in pyroptosis which leads to mouse islet β cell line βTC-6 cell damage, and to explore the role of JNK inhibitor SP600125 in inhibiting IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis.Methods:βTC-6 cell line and mouse islets were incubated with IL-1β for 48 h or intervened with both JNK inhibitor SP600125 and IL-1R antagonist IL-1Ra, then GSDMD expression and β cell pyroptosis morphology were detected by immunofluorescence staining of GSDMD and DAPI. The expression levels of Gsdmd, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNAs were detected by real time fluorescence PCR, and apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V/7-AAD staining combined with flow cytometry.Results:βTC-6 cell pyroptotic body was significantly increased in the IL-1β treated group compared with the control group, and the expressions of pyroptosis related genes Gsdmd, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA were significantly higher( P<0.05), and apoptosis was increased, suggesting that IL-1β effectively induced the βTC-6 cell pyroptosis, IL-1Ra prevented IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis. In the presence of JNK inhibitor SP600125, IL-1β treatment failed to induce the expressions of Gsdmd and IL-18 mRNA, markers of pyroptosis, and reduced the rate of apoptosis, indicating that SP600125 suppressed IL-1β induced βTC-6 cell pyroptosis. Conclusion:Pyroptosis is one of the mechanisms of βTC-6 cell impairment caused by IL-1β, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, can block the IL-1β induced pyroptosis pathway and has a potential role in inhibiting βTC-6 cell pyroptosis.
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The exploration of biomarkers predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite stability colorectal cancer can enable more patients to benefit from immunotherapy. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), POLE/POLD1 mutation, CMS classifications, MGMT methylation, and other indicators own the potential and value of predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite stability colorectal cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the related research on predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite stability colorectal cancer, provide a reference for the best treatment strategy for microsatellite stability colorectal cancer.
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OBJECTIVES@#To estimate postmortem interval (PMI) by analyzing the protein changes in skeletal muscle tissues with the protein chip technology combined with multivariate analysis methods.@*METHODS@#Rats were sacrificed for cervical dislocation and placed at 16 ℃. Water-soluble proteins in skeletal muscles were extracted at 10 time points (0 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d, 7 d, 8 d and 9 d) after death. Protein expression profile data with relative molecular mass of 14 000-230 000 were obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) were used for data analysis. Fisher discriminant model and back propagation (BP) neural network model were constructed to classify and preliminarily estimate the PMI. In addition, the protein expression profiles data of human skeletal muscles at different time points after death were collected, and the relationship between them and PMI was analyzed by heat map and cluster analysis.@*RESULTS@#The protein peak of rat skeletal muscle changed with PMI. The result of PCA combined with OPLS discriminant analysis showed statistical significance in groups with different time points (P<0.05) except 6 d, 7 d and 8 d after death. By Fisher discriminant analysis, the accuracy of internal cross-validation was 71.4% and the accuracy of external validation was 66.7%. The BP neural network model classification and preliminary estimation results showed the accuracy of internal cross-validation was 98.2%, and the accuracy of external validation was 95.8%. There was a significant difference in protein expression between 4 d and 25 h after death by the cluster analysis of the human skeletal muscle samples.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The protein chip technology can quickly, accurately and repeatedly obtain water-soluble protein expression profiles in rats' and human skeletal muscles with the relative molecular mass of 14 000-230 000 at different time points postmortem. The establishment of multiple PMI estimation models based on multivariate analysis can provide a new idea and method for PMI estimation.
الموضوعات
Animals , Humans , Rats , Multivariate Analysis , Postmortem Changes , Protein Array Analysis , Technologyالملخص
Previously, we discovered that cells contain a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) degradation system (5DS), which includes 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthase, and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Among these, 5-HT2AR has the ability to regulate the expression of 5-HT synthase and MAO-A, and activation of 5DS causes upregulation of these proteins at the same time, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. In this study, we investigated the relationship between interstitial pneumonia (IP) and 5DS activation, as well as the therapeutic effect of inhibiting 5DS on IP. Animal models of bleomycin (BLM)-induced IP in mice and radiation (Rad)-induced IP in rats were established, and the models were treated with the 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH), 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP), and their combination (SH∶CDP = 2∶1). The animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. In the two IP models, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of 5-HT synthase was significantly upregulated in all cells of lung tissue, while the expression of 5-HT2AR and MAO-A was most significantly upregulated in the macrophages. Treatment with SH or CDP significantly reduced pulmonary interstitial thickening, alveolar atrophy with collapse, massive macrophage infiltration and interstitial fibrosis in the two IP models, as measured by HE and Masson staining, and a combination of both almost eliminated the lung tissue lesions. Moreover, treatment with the combination of SH and CDP almost completely eliminated increased ROS and malondialdehyde levels, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels, and upregulated nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation and α-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and collagen expression. SH and CDP worked together to create a synergistic effect. The findings suggested that the activation of 5DS, as evidenced by increased 5-HT synthesis in all cells of lung tissue and increased 5-HT synthesis and degradation in macrophages, is probably related to the occurrence of IP and that inhibition of 5DS can effectively treat IP.
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Objective:To investigate the correlations of β cell dedifferentiation in non-diabetic subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Immunofluorescence staining with insulin and β cell dedifferentiated marker ALDH1A3 was used to evaluate the β cell dedifferentiation levels in 38 non-diabetic and 23 T2DM. Correlation analyses were performed between β cell dedifferentiation levels and available clinical parameters including age, body mass index, HbA 1C level, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in non-diabetic subjects. Results:β cell dedifferentiation level defined by the positive expression of ALDH1A3 in β cells(ALDH1A3 + INS + cell proportion) was significantly elevated in T2DM subjects( P<0.001). In PreD subjects, ALDH1A3 + INS + cells proportion were decreased( P=0.050) and negatively correlated with HbA 1C( r=-0.44, P=0.006), but not with age and body mass index. The analysis of correlation with lipidemic parameters showed that ALDH1A3 + INS + cells proportion was positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol level( r=0.39, P=0.045), but not plasma total triglyceride. Conclusion:ALDH1A3 + INS + cells were found to be decreased in prediabetes, suggesting that there may be enhanced β-cell identity in prediabetes to compensate for insulin secretion requirements; ALDH1A3 + INS + cells were elevated in people with high plasma total cholesterol levels, suggesting that total cholesterol may be one of the factors that induce β-cell dedifferentiation.
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Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of esophagojejunostomy (EJS) through extracorporeal and intracorporeal methods after laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinicopathological data of 261 gastric cancer patients who underwent LTG, D2 lymphadenectomy, and Roux-en-Y EJS with complete postoperative 6-month follow-up data at the General Surgery Department of Nanfang Hospital from October 2018 to June 2021 were collected. Among these 261 patients, 139 underwent EJS with a circular stapler via mini-laparotomy (extracorporeal group), while 122 underwent intracorporeal EJS (intracorporeal group), including 43 with OrVil(TM) anastomosis (OrVil(TM) subgroup) and 79 with Overlap anastomosis (Overlap subgroup). Compared with the extracorporeal group, the intracorporeal group had higher body mass index, smaller tumor size, earlier T stage and M stage (all P<0.05). Compared with the Overlap subgroup, the Orvil(TM) subgroup had higher proportions of upper gastrointestinal obstruction and esophagus involvement, and more advanced T stage (all P<0.05). No other significant differences in the baseline data were found (all P>0.05). The primary outcome was complications at postoperative 6-month. The secondary outcomes were operative status, intraoperative complication and postoperative recovery. Continuous variables with a skewed distribution are expressed as the median (interquartile range), and were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables are expressed as the number and percentage and were compared with the Pearson chi-square, continuity correction or Fisher's exact test. Results: Compared with the extracorporeal group, the intracorporeal group had smaller incision [5.0 (1.0) cm vs. 8.0 (1.0) cm, Z=-10.931, P=0.001], lower rate of combined organ resection [0.8% (1/122) vs. 7.9% (11/139), χ(2)=7.454, P=0.006] and higher rate of R0 resection [94.3% (115/122) vs. 84.9 (118/139), χ(2)=5.957, P=0.015]. The morbidity of intraoperative complication in the extracorporeal group and intracorporeal group was 2.9% (4/139) and 4.1% (5/122), respectively (χ(2)=0.040, P=0.842). In terms of postoperative recovery, the extracorporeal group had shorter time to liquid diet [(5.1±2.4) days vs. (5.9±3.6) days, t=-2.268, P=0.024] and soft diet [(7.3±3.7) days vs. (8.8±6.5) days, t=-2.227, P=0.027], and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(10.5±5.1) days vs. (12.2±7.7) days, t=-2.108, P=0.036]. The morbidity of postoperative complication within 6 months in the extracorporeal group and intracorporeal group was 25.9% (36/139) and 31.1%, (38/122) respectively (P=0.348). Furthermore, there was also no significant difference in the morbidity of postoperative EJS complications [extracorporeal group vs. intracorporeal group: 5.0% (7/139) vs. 82.% (10/122), P=0.302]. The severity of postoperative complications between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.289). In the intracorporeal group, the Orvil(TM) subgroup had more estimated blood loss [100.0 (100.0) ml vs.50.0 (50.0) ml, Z=-2.992, P=0.003] and larger incision [6.0 (1.0) cm vs. 5.0 (1.0) cm, Z=-3.428, P=0.001] than the Overlap subgroup, seemed to have higher morbidity of intraoperative complication [7.0% (3/43) vs. 2.5% (2/79),P=0.480] and postoperative complications [37.2% (16/43) vs. 27.8% (22/79), P=0.286], and more severe classification of complication (P=0.289). Conclusions: The intracorporeal EJS after LTG has similar safety to extracorporeal EJS. As for intracorporeal EJS, the Overlap method is safer and has more potential advantages than Orvil(TM) method, and is worthy of further exploration and optimization.
الموضوعات
Humans , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Gastrectomy/methods , Intraoperative Complications , Laparoscopy/methods , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
Objective:To observe the changes in percentages and subsets of invariant nature kiler T (iNKT) cells in adipose and related tissues at different stages of obesity, and analyze the role of iNKT cells during chronic inflammation in adipose tissues in a mouse model of obesity established with high-fat diet.Methods:Changes in mouse body weight, mental state, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in adipose tissues. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentages and subsets of iNKT cells as well as the percentages and subtypes of macrophages. The levels of cytokines in serum samples and the culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues were detected with CBA. The expression of related proteins in adipose tissues was detected by Western blot.Results:(1) The volume of adipose cells increased significantly after four weeks of high-fat feeding, but the infiltration of inflammatory cells was not obvious. Significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (2) High-fat feeding could reduce the percentage of iNKT cells, increase the proportion of iNKT1 subgroup and decrease the proportion of iNKT10 subgroup in adipose tissues. The proportion of iNKT1 subgroup in thymus increased, but that of iNKT2 subgroup decreased. The percentage of macrophages and the proportion of M1 subgroup in adipose tissues increased, while the proportion of M2 subgroup decreased, which were more obvious after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (3) High-fat feeding resulted in decreased expression of E4BP4 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in adipose tissues and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (4) High-fat feeding significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum and culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues with more significant changes observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding.Conclusions:Increased iNKT1 and decreased iNKT10 in obese adipose tissues might be closely related to the increased M1 polarization and the imbalance of iNKT subsets might be involved in the progression of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissues.
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Fatigue is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the relationship between T2DM fatigue and the skeletal muscle 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system. In animal experiments, a T2DM model was established in mice by feeding a high-fat diet with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice were treated with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP) (separately and in combination). In cell culture experiments, C2C12 cells were stimulated with D-glucose, palmitic acid or 5-HT. 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthesis and 5-HT degradation were inhibited by SH, CDP, or monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor. The animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. The results showed that 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthase and MAO-A were expressed in mouse skeletal muscle and C2C12 cells. The expression of these proteins was significantly up-regulated in T2DM mice or when C2C12 cells were exposed to palmitic acid and D-glucose; palmitic acid was a stronger stimulant of their expression than D-glucose. Rotating rod experiments and biochemical index tests have shown that T2DM fatigue is associated with an increase in skeletal muscle 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthesis and 5-HT degradation. 5-HT2AR mediates the expression of MAO-A and the synthesis of 5-HT, which indirectly regulates the degradation of 5-HT. MAO-A regulates cell inflammation, mitochondrial ROS production and membrane potential depolarization by mediating 5-HT degradation. MAO-A also inhibits the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) and ATP synthase-6 (ATP6), thus inhibiting mitochondrial functions such as fatty acid β oxidation and ATP synthesis. SH and CDP can effectively treat T2DM fatigue, and can also reduce blood glucose and blood lipid, and the combination of SH and CDP has a clear synergistic effect.
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Hyperglycemic kidney injury (HKI) is a common complication of diabetic patients. We examined the relationship between HKI and the abnormal expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system induced by hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In animal experiments, a T2DM model was established in mice by feeding a high-fat diet with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice were treated with the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP) (respectively or in combination). In cell culture experiments, human glomerular mesangial cells (HMC) were stimulated with D-glucose (D-Glu), and 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthesis, and 5-HT degradation were inhibited by SH, CDP, or monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor clorgyline. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, fluorescent probe, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme reagent were respectively used to detect histopathology, protein expression, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and biochemical indexes. The animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. The results showed that 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases, and MAO-A were expressed in glomerular basement membrane and kidney tubular epithelial cells of mouse kidney and HMC. The expression of these proteins was significantly up-regulated in T2DM mice or when HMC cells were exposed to high concentration of D-Glu. HKI, characterized by abnormal renal function, glomerular swelling, and glomerular basement membrane thickening and fibrosis, is closely associated with an increase in kidney 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthesis, and 5-HT degradation. Among them, 5-HT2AR can mediate the expression of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A; MAO-A can catalyze the degradation of 5-HT to increase the production of mitochondrial ROS, leading to the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) with the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) with the production of collagens. SH and CDP can effectively treat HKI, and the combination of SH and CDP has a clear synergistic effect.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of invariant natural killer T (iNKT)2 cell improving hepatic fat deposition in nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).Methods:NAFL model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with high fat diet. The levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the peripheral blood of mice were analyzed using automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological changes of liver were observed with HE staining. The cell frequencies of iNKT, iNKT1, and iNKT2 in liver were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in liver tissues.Results:Compared with control group, the body weight of NAFL mice increased, the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, and liver fat deposition increased, the protein expression of SREBP-1c and PPAR-α in liver increased as well as the the protein phosphorylation level of NF-κB. After intraperitoneal injection of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C, liver fat deposition decreased, liver SREBP-1c was down-regulated, PPAR-α expression was up-regulated, and the proportion of liver iNKT2 subgroup increased in NAFL mice.Conclusion:iNKT2 cells improve NAFL liver fat deposition, which is related to the down-regulation of SREBP-1c and up-regulation of PPAR-α.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of Graeb score for the outcome of high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).Methods:Consecutive high-grade aSAH patients with IVH admitted to the No. 1 People's Hospital of Jiujiang from January 2012 to March 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. High-grade aSAH was defined as grade Ⅳ to Ⅴ according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale. The outcome of patients was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after discharge. A score of ≤2 was defined as a good outcome and a score of >2 were defined as a poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between Graeb score and clinical outcome, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of Graeb score for clinical outcome. Results:A total of 86 high-grade aSAH patients with IVH were enrolled. Aneurysm treatment: craniotomy clipping in 42 patients (48.8%), intravascular embolization in 21 (24.4%), and conservative treatment in 23 (26.7%). Twenty-nine patients (33.7%) had a good outcome and 57 (66.3%) had a poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Graeb score >6 (odds ratio [ OR] 26.360, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 4.106-169.235; P<0.001), the modified Fisher grade 3-4 ( OR 11.674, 95% CI 1.540-88.512; P=0.017) and complicated with chronic hydrocephalus ( OR 21.236, 95% CI 2.883-156.431; P=0.003) were the independent risk factors for the poor outcome. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the Graeb score predicting for poor outcome was 0.843 (95% CI 0.760-0.926; P<0.001), the best cut-off value was 6.5, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 71.9% and 86.2%, respectively. Conclusion:The Graeb score is an independent influencing factor affecting the clinical outcome of high-grade aSAH patients with IVH. Graeb score >6.5 had higher predictive value for the poor outcome in such patients.
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granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is rare in the breast, histologically and immunophenotypically similar to myelogenous leukemia, radiologically lacking specificity, similar to breast cancer or mammary abscess. It should not be misdiagnosed as invasive cancer, especially in the case of frozen diagnosis, leading to excessive surgery. Three cases of GS were collected, specimens were fully drawn, microscopic pathologic examinations and immunohistochemistry (SP method) granulocytic sarcoma of breast were performed. The clinicopathological, immunohistochemical features, diagnosis and prognosis of GS are discussed to improve the awareness of the disease.
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Autophagy is a special cellular process, which can participate in regulating cell survival, growth, differentiation and homeostasis maintenance by transporting damaged organelles and macromolecular substances to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays a very important role in all aspects of life process. Research results show that autophagy plays an important role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis. The synergistic effect of autophagy and vascular endothelial growth factor promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell repair, and may play an important role in the development of tumor resistance to anti-vascular drug therapy. Targeted therapy with autophagy as the target may be a new direction for anti-tumor molecular targeted therapy in the future, aiming to provide multi-target collaborative therapy to benefit patients.
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Objective:To study the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) before and after processing, as well as the effects of different polysaccharide fractions on immune function and inflammatory response of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Method:High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) was used to determine the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR (named SC) and polysaccharides in PR processed with wine (named JC), and polysaccharide fractions with different relative molecular weights were obtained by dialysis. Different polysaccharide fractions were applied to mouse peritoneal macrophages, which was normal or induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to select the optimal administration concentration. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> (TNF-<italic>α</italic>) and interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> (IL-1<italic>β</italic>) in the cell supernatant. The Griess method was used to detect the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). Result:SC and JC could be divided into four parts according to relative molecular weight and its distribution range, including part Ⅰ(14 800-2 273 kDa), part Ⅱ(2 148-296 kDa), part Ⅲ(12-1 kDa) and part Ⅳ(818-362 Da). Based on the differences of part Ⅰ and part Ⅲ after processing, the SC and JC were divided into two-part according to the weight-average relative molecular weight (<italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub>). For normal mouse peritoneal macrophages, JC could significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> (<italic>P</italic><0.01), while SC had no significant effect. Four polysaccharide fractions, named SD (SC fraction with <italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub>>50 kDa), JD (JC fraction with <italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub>>50 kDa), SX (SC fraction with <italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub><50 kDa) and JX (JC fraction with <italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub><50 kDa), also could<italic> </italic>significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> (<italic>P</italic><0.01), but only JX could significantly promote the secretion of NO (<italic>P</italic><0.05). In addition, the effect of JX group stimulated secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was better than the JD group (<italic>P</italic><0.01). For the LPS-induced macrophage model, JC and SC group could<italic> </italic>significantly inhibit the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the effect of JC was stronger. To compare different polysaccharide fractions, the impact of JX on inhibiting the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> was<italic> </italic>significantly stronger than JD (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and SX inhibited the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was significantly stronger than SD (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Conclusion:The relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR before and after processing have changed. JC and SC improve the immune regulation mainly by inhibiting the inflammatory response, the fraction of <italic>M</italic><sub>W</sub><50 kDa is the main effective part, and the effect of PR polysaccharides in inhibiting the inflammatory is enhanced after processing with wine.
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Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guideline 2019 recommended that lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer should include the lymphatic adipose tissue at the root of the inferior mesenteric vessels, but the ligation site of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) was not determined, and the NCCN guideline did not indicate clearly whether to retain the left colonic artery (LCA). Controversy over whether to retain LCA is no more than whether it can reduce the incidence of anastomotic complications or postoperative functional damage without affecting the patients' oncological outcome. Focusing on the above problems, this paper reviews the latest research progress. In conclusion, it is believed that the advantages of retaining LCA are supported by most studies, which can improve the blood supply of the proximal anastomosis, and technically can achieve the same range of lymph node dissection as IMA high ligation. However, whether it affects the survival of patients, reduces the incidence of anastomotic leakage, and improves the quality of life of patients, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is still needed.
الموضوعات
Humans , Arteries , Laparoscopy , Mesenteric Artery, Inferior/surgery , Quality of Life , Rectal Neoplasms/surgeryالملخص
Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for prognoses of patients with high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 104 patients with aSAH, admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to March 2010. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 3 months after discharge, these patients were divided into good prognosis group (mRS scores≤2) and poor prognosis group (mRS scores >2). Clinical data of patients from the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for prognoses.Results:Forty patients (38.5%) were with good prognosis and 64 (61.5%) were with poor prognosis. As compared with patients in the poor prognosis group, patients in the good prognosis group had significantly lower proportion of patients>60 years old, and significantly lower Graeb scores, cast fourth ventricle (CFV) incidence, Fisher grading, blood glucose content, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, and statistically higher serum potassium content ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in treatment methods and incidence of complications between the two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age>60 years ( OR=13.470, 95%CI: 2.177-83.347, P=0.005), Fisher grading ( OR=6.649, 95%CI: 1.141-38.736, P=0.035), conservative treatment ( OR=6.348, 95%CI: 1.048-38.742, P=0.044), mean arterial pressure at admission ( OR=29.721, 95%CI: 3.177-278.012, P=0.003), serum potassium ( OR=5.296, 95%CI: 1.138-24.653, P=0.034), CFV ( OR=9.855, 95%CI: 1.785-51.456, P=0.008), and chronic hydrocephalus ( OR=19.298, 95%CI: 3.294-113.069, P=0.001) were influencing factors for prognoses of high-grade aSAH patients. Conclusion:Severe aSAH patients with advanced age, high Fisher grading, high mean arterial pressure, low serum potassium content, fourth ventricle casting and chronic hydrocephalus under conservative treatment are more likely to have poor prognosis.
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As the essential part of tratidional Chinese medicine(TCM), the research and development of classic formula have become a hot spot in TCM industry. However, with the change of the age, the species, medical part and origin of TCM have more or less changed. It is of great significance for the safety and effectiveness of the classical prescription to clarify the varieties and medicinal parts of TCM. In this paper, based on the discussion of the methods of textual research on the Chinese herbs, the species and medical parts, origin of Chinese herbs in a list of 100 famous classical formulas which promulgated by the state administration of TCM were analyzed. The textual research of Chinese herbs shows that most of the herbs involved in the classical formula have the problems of species, medical part, and origin. Therefore, it is of great significance for the selection of the species and medical parts, origin of the Chinese herbs in the research and development process of the classical formula.
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Background and Objectives@#Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are recognized as an advantaged source for the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, alterations in characteristics of ASCs from the aforementioned T2DM patients are still obscure, which also hinder the rigorous and systematic illumination of progression and pathogenesis. @*Methods@#and Results: In this study, we originally isolated peripancreatic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic donors (T2DM-ASCs, ND-ASCs) with the parental consent, respectively. We noticed that T2DM-ASCs exhibited indistinguishable immunophenotype, cell vitality, chondrogenic differentiation and stemness as ND-ASCs. Simultaneously, there’s merely alterations in migration and immunoregulatory capacities in T2DM-ASCs. However, differing from ND-ASCs, T2DM-ASCs exhibited deficiency in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and in particular, the delayed cell cycle and different cytokine expression spectrum. @*Conclusions@#The conservative alterations of T2DM-ASCs in multifaceted characteristics indicated the possibility of autologous application of ASCs for cell-based T2DM treatment in the future.
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Objective To explore the effects of immune-enhanced enteral nutrition support on the clinical outcome and nutritional status of patients with acute stress.Methods From December 2014 to August 2015,120 patients with acute stress were enrolled in this study in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,60 cases in each group.Besides of medical treatment,the control group received routine enteral nutrition,while the experimental group received immune-enhanced nutrition for 8 days.The main parameters related to nutritional status,immune function,blood glucose,infection control of patients were collected.Results No significance of parameters listed above were observed between patients in the two groups at baseline.After intervention,the levels of prealbumin and lymphocyte counts in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(162.5±29.7) mg/L and (136.6±15.1) mg/ L,(1.86±0.9) × 109/L and (1.45±0.710) × 109/L,P=0.021 and P=0.012].The levels of C-reactive protein in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group [(47.2±22.1) mg/L and (82.6±13.4) mg/L,P--0.043].Moreover,the level of blood glucose in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group [(5.4±1.7) mmol/L and (6.6±3.5) mmol/L,P=0.009].The patients in the experimental group had better intestinal tolerance (8.3% vs 25%,P=0.014) but lower mortality (6.7% vs 20%,P=0.032) than those in the control group.Conclusions Immune-enhanced enteral nutrition can reduce level of blood glucose and alleviate inflammatory responses of patients with acute stress,thus improving intestinal tolerance,and reducing mortality.
الملخص
Objective:To compare the total daily doses of 16 active components in big honeyed pills, concentrated pills and tablets of Fuzi Lizhongwan. Method:Three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan were prepared according to the process described in the literature. RRLC-QqQ-MS was employed to analyze the contents of 16 active ingredients with mobile phase of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution-0.1%formic acid acetonitrile solution for gradient elution,the separation was performed on a Accucore RP-MS column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and the column temperature at 30℃, the mass spectrometry condition was electrospray ion source, positive and negative ion switching mode for detection, multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM) for scanning. The contents of 16 active ingredients were calculated, and the normalization arithmetic method was used for comparing the total daily doses of these active ingredients in three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan. Result:Processed products of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata were used as raw powder in preparation process of the three dosage forms, so there was no significant difference in the contents of six alkaloids in the three dosage forms, while the contents of other 10 active ingredients from Zingiberis Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle were significantly higher in big honeyed pills than those in concentrated pills or tablets(PConclusion:The total daily doses of 16 active ingredients in the three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan are significantly different caused by preparation process, prescription and dosage.