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Abstract Objective: To present a series of cases with our initial experience and short-term outcomes of a modified vaginal mucosal flap urethroplasty. Methods: Patients diagnosed with urethral stricture and operated by the same operative technique between January 2012 and January 2018 were followed for at least 6 months. Uroflowmetry and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Nineteen patients were included with an average age of 56.4 years, mean preoperative Qmax of 5.3 ml/s, and PVR of 101.4 mL. After 6 months of the procedure, the mean Qmax improved to 14.7 mL/s (p<0.05), PVR decreased to 47.3 mL (p<0.05), and 84.2% of all patients reported improvement in clinical self-reported symptoms. There was an improvement in symptoms such as voiding effort in 84.2% of patients, weak stream (89.5%), and recurrent urinary tract infection (85.7%). The success rate (absence of symptoms and normal Qmax with no significant PVR) of the procedure was 84.2%. Conclusion: The described technique was considered effective for the treatment of female urethra stricture, with a high clinical success rate and an objective improvement of Qmax and decrease in PVR after 6 months of the procedure.
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Female , Urologic Surgical Procedures , Urethral Stricture , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstructionالملخص
Abstract Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide and can be classified into electrophysiological subtypes and clinical variants. Objective This study aimed to compare the frequency of the sural-sparing pattern (SSP) in subtypes and variants of GBS. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical and electrophysiological data of 171 patients with GBS hospitalized in public and private hospitals of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, between 1994 and 2018; all cases were followed up by the same neurologist in a reference neurology center. Patients were classified according to electrophysiological subtypes and clinical variants, and the SSP frequency was compared in both categories. The exact Fisher test and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. Results The SSP was present in 53% (57 of 107) of the patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), 8% (4 of 48) of the patients with axonal subtypes, and 31% (5 of 16) of the equivocal cases. The SSP frequency in the AIDP was significantly higher than in the axonal subtypes (p < 0.0001); the value was kept high after serial electrophysiological examinations. Only the paraparetic subtype did not present SSP. Conclusion The SSP may be present in AIDP and axonal subtypes, including acute motor axonal neuropathy, but it is significantly more present in AIDP. Moreover, the clinical variants reflect a specific pathological process and are correlated to its typical electrophysiological subtype, affecting the SSP frequency.
Resumo Antecedentes A síndrome de Guillain-Barré (GBS) é a causa mais comum de paralisia flácida aguda em todo o mundo e pode ser classificada em subtipos eletrofisiológicos e variantes clínicas. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a frequência do padrão de preservação do sural (SSP) em subtipos e variantes de GBS. Métodos É um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que analisou dados clínicos e eletrofisiológicos de 171 pacientes com GBS internados em hospitais públicos e privados de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre 1994 e 2018. Todos os casos foram acompanhados pelo mesmo neurologista em centro de referência em neurologia. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com os subtipos eletrofisiológicos e variantes clínicas e a frequência do SSP foi comparada em ambas as categorias. O teste exato de Fisher e a correção de Bonferroni foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados O SSP esteve presente em 53% (57 de 107) dos pacientes com polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória aguda (PDIA), em 8% (4 de 48) dos pacientes com subtipos axonais e em 31% (5 de 16) dos casos não definidos. A frequência do SSP no AIDP foi significativamente maior do que nos subtipos axonais (p < 0,0001); o valor manteve-se elevado após exames eletrofisiológicos seriados. Apenas o subtipo paraparético não apresentou SSP. Conclusão O SSP pode estar presente na PDIA e nos subtipos axonais, incluindo a neuropatia axonal motora aguda, mas está significativamente mais presente na PDIA. Além disso, as variantes clínicas refletem um processo patológico específico e estão correlacionadas ao seu subtipo eletrofisiológico típico, afetando a frequência do SSP.
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Abstract Objective the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ozone therapy (OZN) on peri-implant bone repair in critical bones by installing osseointegrated implants in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. Methodology ovariectomy was performed on 30 Wistar rats, aged six months (Rattus novergicus), and, after 90 days, osseointegrated implants were installed in each tibial metaphysis. The study groups were divided into the animals that received intraperitoneal ozone at a concentration of 700 mcg/kg — OZ Group (n=15) — and a control group that received an intraperitoneal saline solution and, for this reason, was named the SAL group (n=15). The applications for both groups occurred during the immediate post-operative period on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th day post-surgery. At various stages (14, 42, and 60 days), the animals were euthanized, and tests were performed on their tibiae. These tests include histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, computerized microtomography, sampling in light-cured resin for calcified sections, and confocal microscopy. The obtained data were then analyzed using One-way ANOVA and the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and student t-tests (P<0.05). Results our findings indicate that the OZ group (3.26±0.20 mm) showed better cellular organization and bone neoformation at 14 days (SAL group, 0.90±1.42 mm) (P=0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteocalcin labeling was moderate in the OZ group and mild in the SAL group at 14 and 42 days post-surgery. The data from the analysis of calcified tissues (microtomography, histometric, and bone dynamism analysis) at 60 days showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P=0.32). Conclusion it was concluded that ozone therapy anticipated the initial phases of the peri-implant bone repair process.
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Resumo Objetivo Analisar o estigma evidenciado nas percepções de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens transexuais. Métodos Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com nove profissionais de saúde (seis enfermeiras e três médicas) atuantes em Unidades de Saúde da Família em um município na Bahia. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, submetidas à Análise Temática Reflexiva e interpretação baseada na teoria do estigma e do conceito de cisheteronormatividade. Resultados Foram derivados dois temas que explicitaram o estabelecimento de rótulos e estereótipos ao corpo, mente e identidade de gênero do homem trans grávido: (des)preparo profissional e distanciamento das demandas e perspectivas cisheteronormativas para o cuidado pré-natal de homens trans. Elementos do estigma evidenciados: afastamento, rótulos, estereótipo, descrédito e discriminação. Tais elementos (percepções estigmatizantes) se manifestaram dentro da lógica da normalidade e equiparação cisgênero das necessidades de saúde dos homens trans no contexto pré-natal. Conclusão Há estigma na percepção de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens trans. A estigmatização pode impactar negativamente a qualidade do pré-natal e da saúde e segurança de homens trans no ciclo gravídico puerperal, antecipando pensamentos, atitudes e práticas que contribuem para a deteriorar a identidade transmasculina na gestação.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar el estigma constatado en las percepciones de médicas y enfermeras sobre el control prenatal de hombres transexuales. Métodos Estudio cualitativo llevado a cabo con nueve profesionales de la salud (seis enfermeras y tres médicas) que trabajan en Unidades de Salud de la familia en un municipio del estado de Bahia. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron sometidas al análisis temático reflexivo e interpretación con base en la teoría del estigma y del concepto de cisheteronormatividad. Resultados Se derivaron dos temas que explicitaron el establecimiento de rótulos y estereotipos del cuerpo, mente e identidad de género de hombres trans embarazados: (falta de) preparación profesional y distanciamiento de las demandas y perspectivas cisheteronormativas para el cuidado prenatal de hombres trans. Se constataron los siguientes elementos del estigma: distanciamiento, rótulos, estereotipos, descrédito y discriminación. Tales elementos (las percepciones estigmatizantes) se manifestaron dentro de la lógica de la normalidad y equivalencia cisgénero de las necesidades de salud de los hombres trans en el contexto del control prenatal. Conclusión Existe un estigma en la percepción de médicas y enfermeras sobre el control prenatal de hombres trans. La estigmatización puede impactar negativamente en la calidad del control prenatal y de la salud y seguridad de hombres trans durante el embarazo y el puerperio, y puede anticipar pensamientos, actitudes y prácticas que contribuyen al deterioro de la identidad transmasculina en el embarazo.
Abstract Objective To analyze the stigma evidenced in doctors' and nurses' perception regarding prenatal care for transgender men. Methods A qualitative study developed with nine health professionals (six nurses and three doctors) working in Family Health Units in a municipality in Bahia. In-depth interviews were carried out, subjected to reflective thematic analysis and interpretation based on the theory of social stigma and the concept of cisheteronormativity. Results Two topics were derived that explained the establishment of labels and stereotypes on the body, mind and gender identity of pregnant trans men: professional (un)preparedness and distancing from cisheteronormative demands and perspectives for prenatal care for trans men. Elements of stigma observed were distance, labels, stereotype, discredit and discrimination. Such elements (stigmatizing perceptions) manifested themselves within the logic of normality and cisgender equality of trans men's health needs in the prenatal context. Conclusion There is stigma in doctors' and nurses' perception regarding prenatal care for trans men. Stigmatization can negatively impact the quality of prenatal care and trans men's health and safety in the pregnancy and puerperal cycle, anticipating thoughts, attitudes and practices that contribute to the deterioration of transmasculine identity during pregnancy.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb (CAUL) are a group of structural or functional abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life and can lead to limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies of the upper limbs in Brazil and assess maternal and neonatal variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on congenital upper limb malformations among live births across Brazil. METHODS: The study spanned from 2010 to 2019. Data were sourced from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) portal. Analyses focused on the information reported in field 41 of the Live Birth Declaration Form entered into the computerized system. RESULTS: The most common anomaly in Brazil was supernumerary fingers, classified as ICD-Q69.0, affecting 11,708 children, with a prevalence of 4.02 per 10,000 live births. Mothers aged over 40 years had a 36% higher prevalence of having children with CAUL than mothers under 40 years old (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.56). Newborns weighing ≥ 2,499 g were 2.64 times more likely to have CAUL compared to those weighing ≥ 2,500 g (OR = 2.64; 95% CI 2.55-2.73). CONCLUSION: There was an observed increase in the reporting of CAUL cases over the decade studied. This trend serves as an alert for health agencies, as understanding the prevalence of CAUL and its associated factors is crucial for preventive medicine.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: measuring the severity of traumatic injuries is crucial for predicting clinical outcomes. Whereas the Injury Severity Score (ISS) has limitations in assigning scores to injuries at the same site, the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) corrects for this problem by taking into account the three most severe injuries regardless of the region of the body. This study seeks to comprehend the clinical and epidemiological profile of trauma patients while comparing the effectiveness of scales for predicting mortality. Methods: a descriptive, observational and retrospective study using records of patients who underwent thoracotomy at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro between 2000 and 2019. Demographic data, mechanisms of injury, affected organs, length of stay and mortality were analyzed. Injury severity was assessed using the ISS and NISS, and statistical analyses were conducted using MedCalc and SigmaPlot. Results: 101 patients were assessed, on average 29.6 years old, 86.13% of whom were men. The average duration of hospitalization was 10.9 days and the mortality rate was 28.7%. The ROC curve analysis revealed a sensitivity of 68.97%, specificity of 80.56% and area under the curve of 0.837 for the ISS, and 58.62%, 94.44% and 0.855 for the NISS, respectively. The Youden index was 0.49 for the ISS and 0.53 for the NISS. Conclusion: the study demonstrated comparable efficacy of NISS and ISS in predicting mortality. These findings hold significance in the hospital setting. Professionals must be familiar with these scales to utilize them competently for each patient.
RESUMO Introdução: a medição da gravidade das lesões traumáticas é essencial para prever os desfechos clínicos. Enquanto o Injury Severity Score (ISS) tem limitações ao atribuir pontuações às lesões no mesmo local, o New Injury Severity Score (NISS) corrige esse problema ao considerar as três lesões mais graves independentemente da região corporal. Este estudo visa entender o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes traumatizados, comparando a eficácia das escalas para prever mortalidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional e retrospectivo utilizando registros de pacientes submetidos à toracotomia no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro entre 2000 e 2019. Dados demográficos, mecanismos de lesão, órgãos afetados, tempo de internação e mortalidade foram analisados. A gravidade das lesões foi avaliada usando o ISS e NISS, e as análises estatísticas foram conduzidas no MedCalc e SigmaPlot. Resultados: Foram avaliados 101 pacientes, em média com 29,6 anos, sendo 86,13% homens. A média da internação foi de 10,9 dias e a taxa de mortalidade foi de 28,7%. A análise da curva ROC revelou uma sensibilidade de 68,97%, especificidade de 80,56% e área sob a curva de 0,837 para o ISS, e 58,62%, 94,44% e 0,855 para o NISS, respectivamente. O índice de Youden indicou 0,49 para o ISS e 0,53 para o NISS. Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou semelhante eficácia entre o NISS e o ISS na previsão de mortalidade. Esses resultados geram implicações importantes na aplicação dessas escalas no ambiente hospitalar. É essencial que os profissionais conheçam tais escalas para aplica-las adequadamente no contexto de cada paciente.
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RESUMEN El trabajo a través de aplicaciones móviles surgió como una alternativa para muchos hombres brasileños durante la crisis económica y el aumento del desempleo. Sin embargo, estos trabajadores operan de manera informal, sin relación laboral, lo que genera precariedad laboral y falta de derechos laborales. Desde un abordaje teórico-reflexivo, este artículo analiza la intersección entre la salud ocupacional, la plataformización del trabajo y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los hombres repartidores de aplicaciones, especialmente durante la pandemia de covid-19. Las categorías reflexivas se dividieron en dos secciones temáticas: "La inserción laboral a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil y el modelo de trabajo mediante algoritmos" y "hombres, salud y motocicletas: la salud ocupacional y el comportamiento masculino en el trabajo a través de aplicaciones de entrega". Se examina la expansión de este tipo de trabajo en el contexto socioeconómico brasileño, la falta de seguridad y protección laboral para estos trabajadores, así como los riesgos enfrentados, especialmente durante la pandemia, en el marco de una cultura masculina.
ABSTRACT Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.
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Resumo Os consórcios públicos de saúde (CPS) representam uma estratégia para potencializar a regionalização no SUS e a cooperação interfederativa. A implantação de policlínicas regionais visa melhorar o acesso a serviços de maior densidade tecnológica, mais próximos ao município de origem dos usuários. Este estudo objetiva analisar o processo de implantação dos consórcios públicos de saúde e das policlínicas regionais na Bahia, com base em análise documental, identificando aspectos facilitadores e dificultadores relativos à entrada na agenda política, ao papel da gestão estadual e às especificidades da composição dos CPS e das policlínicas regionais no estado da Bahia. Realizou-se análise documental das atas da Comissão Intergestores Bipartite dos anos de 2015 a 2018 e de documentos constitutivos dos consórcios implantados na Bahia. A experiência do Ceará inspirou a criação dos consórcios na Bahia, sobretudo na estruturação das policlínicas. Verificou-se posicionamento favorável dos gestores municipais acerca da potencialidade do consórcio na cooperação entre municípios. A atuação do governo do estado revelou-se condição facilitadora, e a manutenção da contrapartida municipal no financiamento, como elemento dificultador. Os consórcios contribuíram para a regionalização da saúde no estado e a ampliação do acesso à atenção especializada.
Abstract Public Health Consortiums (PHC) in Brazil represent a strategy to enhance regionalization in the Public Health Care System (SUS in Portuguese) and State/interstate/intermunicipal cooperation. The establishment of regional polyclinics aims to improve access to services with greater technological concentration and closer to users' homes. This study specifically aims to analyze the process of creating PHC and regional polyclinics in Bahia State, based on documental analysis, identifying aspects related to entering the political agenda that facilitate and hinder, the role of state administration, specificities of the composition of these PHC and regional polyclinics. A documental analysis was carried out of the minutes of the Comissão Intergestores Bipartite (CIB-BA) [Bipartite Administrative Commission] from 2015 to 2018 and of constitutive documents of the consortiums established in this state. The Ceará State experience inspired the creation of consortiums in Bahia, especially the structuring of polyclinics. Municipal administrators demonstrated a favorable position regarding the potential of consortiums with cooperation among municipalities. The role of the state government proved to be a facilitating condition, whereas the maintenance of the municipal counterpart in finance constituted a hindering element. The consortiums contributed to the regionalization of health in the state as well as expansion of access to specialized care.
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Abstract Objective This study evaluated the epidemiological data and functional outcomes from patients with concomitant distal radial and scaphoid fractures treated in a single center specialized in hand surgery. Functional outcomes analysis used validated instruments. Methods Patients diagnosed with distal radial and scaphoid fractures treated from January 2011 to December 2021 underwent assessments using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, goniometry, radiographic consolidation, and complications six months after surgery. Results The study included 23 patients, 73.9% men and 26.1% women. Most (56.5%) fractures occurred on the right side, and 43.5% happened on the left side. Treatment of most (56%) distal radial fractures used a locked volar plate. Functional assessment by PRWE resulted in a mean score of 35.9 points (range, 14 to 71 points), while DASH showed a mean score of 37.8 points (range, 12 to 78 points). The mean VAS was 2.33 during activities (range, 0.6 to 6.2). Conclusion Distal radial fractures associated with scaphoid fractures resulted from high-energy trauma, and most patients were males. There was a low rate of complications with surgical treatment, and the patients had satisfactory functional evolution with a low level of pain.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados epidemiológicos e funcionais dos pacientes que apresentaram fraturas concomitantes do rádio distal e do escafoide e foram tratados em um único centro especializado em cirurgia da mão, através de instrumentos validados para analisar os desfechos funcionais desses pacientes. Métodos Foram avaliados os pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura do rádio distal e escafoide tratados de janeiro de 2011 até dezembro de 2021, através dos questionários Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) e Escala Visual Analógica da dor (EVA); goniometria; consolidação radiográfica; complicações em seis meses de pós-operatório. Resultados Vinte e três pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 73,9% homens e 26,1% mulheres; 56,5% das fraturas ocorreram à direita e 43,5% à esquerda. A maioria das fraturas do rádio distal foi tratada com placa volar bloqueada, totalizando 56%. Na avaliação funcional pelo PRWE, obteve-se média de 35,9 pontos (variação de 14 a 71 pontos) e pelo DASH média de 37,8 pontos (variação de 12 a 78 pontos). A EVA apresentou uma média de 2,33 durante a atividade (variação de 0,6 a 6,2). Conclusão Verificou-se que as fraturas do rádio distal associadas a fraturas do escafoide foram causadas por traumas de alta energia, com o sexo masculino mais acometido. Houve baixo índice de complicações com tratamento cirúrgico e os pacientes tiveram evolução funcional satisfatória, com baixo índice de dor.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Scaphoid Bone/injuries , Functional Status , Radial Head and Neck Fractures/surgery , Wrist Fractures/surgeryالملخص
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a modified pull-out suture technique in patients undergoing primary repair surgery for injuries to the flexor tendons of the fingers with Total Active Motion (TAM) as the primary outcome. Method: A total of 29 patients (38 fingers) were chosen from both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years with clean acute tendon laceration occurring within 15 days, in the Verdan's zone II of flexor tendon in the hand, when only the deep flexor tendon was sutured, either associated or not with digital nerve injury. The patients were operated on using the proposed technique and evaluated at 3, 9 and 24-weeks PO. The primary outcome was the assessment of Total Active Movement (TAM) and 3 classifications were employed: Strickland, IFSSH and Buck-Gramcko. Results: We observed a total active motion (TAM) of 209.3 °at the end of 24 weeks; 83.0% of Good and Excellent results by the Modified Strickland Classification, 93% of Excellent results by the IFSSH Classification, and 97% of Good and Excellent results using the Buck-Gramcko Classification. There were no cases of rupture, but tendon adhesion was observed in 3 fingers. Conclusion: The present suture technique proved to be safe and effective with a low rate of complications, obtaining an excellent functional result in terms of total active mobility, according to the evaluations and classifications used.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e a efetividade da técnica de sutura pull-out modificada nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo primário das lesões dos tendões flexores nos dedos, tendo como desfecho primário o movimento ativo total (TAM). Método: Foram escolhidos 29 pacientes (38 dedos), de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 65 anos, com laceração tendinosa aguda e limpa, ocorrida em até 15 dias, na zona II de Verdan do tendão flexor da mão, quando apenas o tendão flexor profundo foi suturado, associada ou não à lesão do nervo digital. Os pacientes foram operados pela técnica proposta e avaliados em 3, 9 e 24 semanas PO. O desfecho primário foi a avaliação do movimento ativo total (TAM) e foram empregadas 3 classificações: Strickland, IFSSH e Buck-Gramcko. Resultados: Observamos um movimento ativo total (TAM) de 209,3° ao final de 24 semanas; 83,0% de resultados Bons e Excelentes pela Classificação de Strickland Modificada, 93% de resultados Excelentes pela Classificação IFSSH e 97% de resultados Bons e Excelentes pela Classificação Buck-Gramcko. Não houve casos de ruptura, mas foi observada aderência tendínea em 3 dedos. Conclusão: A presente técnica de sutura mostrou-se segura e eficaz com baixo índice de complicações, obtendo excelente resultado funcional em termos de mobilidade ativa total, de acordo com as avaliações e classificações utilizadas.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Suture Techniquesالملخص
Abstract Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Some studies have shown that substances derived from Cannabis sativa improve the quality of life of children with ASD without causing serious adverse effects, thus providing an alternative therapeutic option. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cannabis extract rich in cannabidiol (CBD) in children with ASD. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 children, aged from 5 to 11 years, were selected and divided into two groups: the treatment group, which received the CBD-rich cannabis extract, and the control group, which received the placebo. They both used their respective products for a period of 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by two-factor mixed analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA). Results Significant results were found for social interaction (F1,116 = 14.13, p = 0.0002), anxiety (F1,116 = 5.99, p = 0.016), psychomotor agitation (F1,116 = 9.22, p = 0.003), number of meals a day (F1,116 = 4.11, p = 0.04), and concentration (F1,48 = 6.75, p = 0.01), the last of which was only significant in mild ASD cases. Regarding safety, it was found that only three children in the treatment group (9.7%) had adverse effects, namely dizziness, insomnia, colic, and weight gain. Conclusion CBD-rich cannabis extract was found to improve one of the diagnostic criteria for ASD (social interaction), as well as features that often co-exist with ASD, and to have few serious adverse effects.
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Resumo A França foi o primeiro país europeu a confirmar casos de COVID-19, sendo um dos mais afetados pela pandemia na primeira onda. Este estudo de caso analisou as medidas adotadas pelo país no enfrentamento à COVID-19 em 2020 e 2021, relacionando com as características de seu sistema de saúde e de vigilância. Como um Estado de bem-estar social, apostou em políticas compensatórias e de proteção da economia, bem como aumentou investimentos em saúde. Houve fragilidade na preparação e atraso na implantação do plano de enfrentamento. A resposta foi coordenada pelo poder Executivo nacional, adotando bloqueios rígidos nas duas primeiras ondas, flexibilizando as medidas restritivas nas demais ondas, após o aumento da cobertura vacinal e diante da resistência da população. Enfrentou problemas com testagem, vigilância dos casos e contatos e assistência aos doentes, principalmente na primeira onda. Necessitou modificar as regras do seguro de saúde para ampliar cobertura, acesso e melhorar a articulação das ações de vigilância. Indica aprendizados sobre os limites do seu sistema de seguro social, mas também as potencialidades de um Estado com capacidade de resposta forte no financiamento de políticas públicas e na regulação dos demais setores para enfrentar a crise.
Abstract France was the first European country to confirm cases of COVID-19, being one of the most affected by the pandemic in the first wave. This case study analyzed the measures adopted by the country in the fight against COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, correlating it to the characteristics of its health and surveillance system. As a welfare state, it relied on compensatory policies and protection of the economy, as well as increased investments in health. There were weaknesses in the preparation and delay in the implementation of the coping plan. The response was coordinated by the national executive power, adopting strict lockdowns in the first two waves, mitigating restrictive measures in the other waves, after the increase in vaccination coverage and in the face of population resistance. The country faced problems with testing, case and contact surveillance and patient care, especially in the first wave. It was necessary to modify the health insurance rules to expand coverage, access and better articulation of surveillance actions. It indicates lessons learned about the limits of its social security system, but also the potential of a government with a strong response capacity in the financing of public policies and regulation of other sectors to face the crisis.
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Abstract The main purpose of this research was to do an intraindividual comparison of outcomes between the open ulnar incision (OUI) and the Paine retinaculotome with palmar incision (PRWPI) techniques in patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patients underwent OUI surgery on one hand and PRWPI surgery on the contralateral hand. The patients were evaluated with the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain, palmar grip strength, and fingertip, key, and tripod pinch strengths. Both hands were examined in the preoperative and postoperative periods after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 and 6 months. Eighteen patients (36 hands) were evaluated. The symptoms severity scale (SSS) scores were higher, in the preoperative period, in the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI (p-value =0,023), but lower in the 3rd month postoperative (p-value = 0.030). The functional status scale (FSS) scores were lower in the periods of 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (p-value = 0,016) on the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI. In a different two-group module study, the PRWPI group presents the SSS scores average on the 2nd week and 1st month, and the FSS scores average on the 2nd week, less 0.8 and 1.2 points respectively comported to open group. The hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI presented significantly lower SSS scores at 3 months postoperative, and lower FSS scores at 2 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperative, compared to open surgery group.
Resumo O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer uma comparação intraindividual dos resultados entre as técnicas de incisão ulnar aberta e retinaculótomo de Paine com incisão palmar em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) bilateral. Os pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta em uma mão e cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine na mão contralateral. Os pacientes foram avaliados com o Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, escala visual analógica para dor e força de preensão palmar, pinça lateral, pinça polpa-polpa e trípode. As duas mãos foram examinadas antes da cirurgia e 2 semanas, 1 mês, 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia. Dezoito pacientes (36 mãos) foram avaliados. As pontuações da escala de gravidade dos sintomas (EGS) foram maiores no pré-operatório nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine (p = 0,023), mas menores no 3° mês após o procedimento (p = 0,030). As pontuações da escala de estado funcional (EEF) foram menores às 2 semanas, 3 meses e 6 meses (p = 0,016) nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine. Em um estudo de módulo de diferença de dois grupos, o grupo submetido à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentou pontuações médias de EGS na 2ª semana e 1° mês e de EEF na segunda semana inferiores a 0,8 e 1,2 pontos, respectivamente, em comparação ao grupo submetido ao procedimento aberto. As mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentaram escores significativamente menores de EGS em 3 meses e de EEF em 2 semanas, e aos 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia em comparação a técnica aberta.
الموضوعات
Humans , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Surveys and Questionnaires , Median Neuropathyالملخص
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent contributions of body size, estimates of whole-body composition, and appendicular volume in addition to participation in competitive basketball to explain inter-individual variance in anaerobic peak power output during late adolescence. The study also tested non-participation versus participation in basketball as an independent predictor of peak power output. METHODS: The sample of this cross-sectional study was composed of 63 male participants (basketball: n=32, 17.0±0.9 years; school: n=31, 17.4±1.0 years). Anthropometry included stature, body mass, circumferences, lengths, and skinfolds. Fat-free mass was estimated from skinfolds and lower limbs volume predicted from circumferences and lengths. Participants completed the force-velocity test using a cycle ergometer to determine peak power output. RESULTS: For the total sample, optimal peak power was correlated to body size (body mass: r=0.634; fat-free mass: r=0.719, lower limbs volume: r=0.577). The best model was given by fat-free mass and explained 51% of the inter-individual variance in force-velocity test. The preceding was independent of participating in sports (i.e., the dummy variable basketball vs. school did not add significant explained variance). CONCLUSION: Adolescent basketball players were taller and heavier than school boys. The groups also differed in fat-free mass (school: 53.8±4.8 kg; basketball: 60.4±6.7 kg), which was the most prominent predictor of inter-individual variance in peak power output. Briefly, compared to school boys, participation in basketball was not associated with optimal differential braking force. Higher values in peak power output for basketball players were explained by a larger amount of fat-free mass.
الملخص
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hypertonic saline infiltration as a sclerosing agent in the dorsal synovial cyst of the wrist. Method Patients of both genders, aged 18 years or older, with clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of synovial cyst, and without any previous treatment were selected. Case series in which 50 patients underwent aspiration of the contents of the cyst and infiltration of the hypertonic saline solution (2 ml sodium chloride solution 20% and 1 ml of lidocaine 2%). The patients were followed up for 24 weeks, when the parameters pain, strength, range of motion, function (quickDASH and Brief Michigan question), recurrence, and complications were evaluated. Results A total of 46 patients were evaluated for 24 weeks, 18 (39.1%) cysts evolved to resolution, and 28 (60.9%) presented recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect force or in the range of motion. There was no clinically significant difference in the scores of the questionnaires. The most frequent complications were pain and edema. Conclusion Infiltration with hypertonic saline solution for the treatment of dorsal synovial cyst of the wrist showed a recurrence rate of 60.9%.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia da infiltração da solução salina hipertônica como agente esclerosante no cisto sinovial dorsal do punho. Método Pacientes de ambos os sexos, com 18 anos ou mais, com diagnóstico clínico e ultrassonográfico de cisto sinovial, e sem nenhum tratamento prévio foram selectionados. Série de casos em que 50 pacientes foram submetidos a aspiração do conteúdo do cisto e infiltração da solução salina hipertônica (2 ml solução de cloreto de sódio 20% e 1 ml de lidocaína 2%). Seguimento realizado por 24 semanas, durante as quais foram avaliados os parâmetros dor, força, arco de movimento, função (questionários quick disabilities of the arm, hand, and shoulder [quickDASH] e brief Michigan), recorrência e complicações. ResultadoForam avaliados 46 pacientes por 24 semanas, 18 (39,1%) cistos evoluíram para cura e 28 (60,9%) cistos apresentaram recorrência. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos quesitos força e arco de movimento. Não houve diferença clinicamente significante nos escores dos questionários. As complicações mais frequentes foram dor e edema. Conclusão A infiltração com solução salina hipertônica para tratamento do cisto sinovial dorsal do punho mostrou taxa de recorrência de 60,9%.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Synovial Cyst/therapyالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to evaluate angular progression of patients with a diagnosis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), that await surgical treatment. Methods: This is an observational and descriptive study. Data were collected for age at initial surgical indication, initial date and Cobb angle, date and Cobb angle of the follow-up visit, time elapsed between the initial and follow-up visit, and type of curve. All recorded Cobb angles were reviewed by the authors. Results: 86.1% of the individuals were women, the mean age of indication for surgical treatment was 13.34 years. The most common type of curve was Lenke 3 and the one that progressed the most was Lenke 4. The general average of annual progression was 9.89 degrees for the primary curves and 12.32 for the secondary curves, and the follow-up was, on average, 35.77 months. Conclusion: The progression of the magnitude of the curve increases during the wait for the definitive treatment of AIS, no matter which group of the Lenke classification the curve belongs to. The secondary curves present a progression rate of 12.32º/year, higher than the main curve, which presents a rate of 9.89º/year. The waiting time has been increasing over the years, which is evident compared to older publications. Level of Evidence IV; Type of Study: Prognostic Study.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a progressão do valor angular de indivíduos com diagnóstico de Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente (EIA) não tratada, aguardando procedimento cirúrgico. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional e descritivo. Foram coletados os seguintes dados dos pacientes: idade da indicação cirúrgica inicial, data da avaliação inicial e ângulo de Cobb, data e ângulo de Cobb nas consultas de seguimento, tempo decorrido entre as consultas inicial e de seguimento, bem como os tipos de curva. Todos os ângulos de Cobb registrados foram revisados pelos autores. Resultados: 86,1% dos indivíduos eram mulheres, a idade média de indicação de tratamento cirúrgico foi de 13,34 anos. O tipo de curva mais comum foi a Lenke 3 e a que mais progrediu foi a Lenke 4. A média geral de progressão anual foi de 9,89 graus para as curvas primárias e 12,32 para as curvas secundárias e o acompanhamento foi em média de 35,77 meses. Conclusão: A progressão da magnitude da curva aumentou durante a espera pelo tratamento definitivo da EIA, não importando em qual grupo da classificação de Lenke a curva pertence. As curvas secundárias apresentaram taxa de progressão de 12,32º/ano que é maior se comparada com a curva principal que apresenta taxa de 9,89º/ano. O tempo de espera vem aumentando com o passar dos anos, sendo evidente quando comparado com as publicações mais antigas. Nível de Evidência IV; Tipo de Estudo: Estudo Prognostico.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la progresión del valor angular de individuos no tratados diagnosticados con Escoliosis Idiopática del Adolescente (EIA), que están en espera de un procedimiento quirúrgico. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional y descriptivo. Se recogieron datos de edad de indicación quirúrgica inicial, fecha inicial y ángulo de Cobb, fecha y ángulo de Cobb de la visita de seguimiento, tiempo transcurrido entre la visita inicial y de seguimiento y tipo de curva. Todos los ángulos de Cobb registrados fueron revisados por los autores. Resultados: El 86,1% de los individuos eran mujeres, la edad media de indicación del tratamiento quirúrgico fue de 13,34 años. El tipo de curva más común fue Lenke 3 y el que más progresó fue Lenke 4. El promedio general de progresión anual fue de 9,89 grados para las curvas primarias y 12,32 para las curvas secundarias y el seguimiento fue en promedio de 35,77 meses. Conclusión: La progresión de la magnitud de la curva aumenta durante la espera del tratamiento definitivo de la EIA, independientemente del grupo de la clasificación de Lenke al que pertenezca la curva. Las curvas secundarias presentan una tasa de progresión de 12,32º/año, superior a la curva principal que presenta una tasa de 9,89º/año. El tiempo de espera ha ido aumentando a lo largo de los años, lo cual es evidente al compararlo con publicaciones más antiguas. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Tipo de Estudio: Estudio Pronostico.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Spinal Curvatures , Spinal Diseases , Orthopedics , Spineالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and describe the mental health training programs for non-health professionals and volunteers who work, have worked, or would work with asylum seekers and/or refugees. Method: Scoping review following JBI methodology. Search carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, RCAAP, ProQuest, and websites of Clinical Trials, UNHCR, International Organization for Migration, WHO, Save the Children, International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Studies written in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish and Swedish. Results: Of the 8954 articles identified, 16 were included reporting on 11 training programs: Mind-Spring, PM+, MHFA, Cognitive-Behavioral Training for Community and Religious Leaders, EmpaTeach, Suicide Prevention Education Program, Teaching Recovery Techniques, Handbook for Teachers of Vietnamese Refugee Students, PFA, Psychosocial support of volunteers and CBP&MHPSS. Conclusion: Training programs from scientific literature focus on mental health disorders, while non-governmental organizations' documents focus on resilience and self-care. The current mental health training programs might be insufficient.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y describir los programas de formación en salud mental para profesionales no sanitarios y voluntarios que trabajan, han trabajado o gustarían de trabajar con solicitantes de asilo y/o refugiados. Método: Revisión de alcance según la metodología JBI. Búsqueda realizada en MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, RCAAP, ProQuest, y sitios web de ClinicalTrials, ACNUR, Organización Internacional para las Migraciones, OMS, Save the Children, Migración Internacional, Integración y Cohesión Social en Europa, y Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja. Estudios escritos en inglés, portugués, francés, español y sueco. Resultados: De los 8954 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 16 que informan sobre 11 programas de capacitación: Mind-Spring, PM+, MHFA, Capacitación cognitiva conductual para líderes comunitarios y religiosos, EmpaTeach, Programa de educación para la prevención del suicidio, Enseñanza de técnicas de recuperación, Manual para maestros de Estudiantes refugiados vietnamitas, PFA, apoyo psicosocial de voluntarios y CBP&MHPSS. Conclusión: Los programas de formación en la literatura científica se centran en los trastornos de salud mental, mientras que los documentos de las organizaciones no gubernamentales se centran en la resiliencia y el autocuidado. Los actuales programas de formación en salud mental pueden ser insuficientes.
الموضوعات
Mental Health , Nursing , Education , Refugeesالملخص
Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in a population sample from a multiethnic Brazilian city. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out between October 2017 and April 2018. We included male and female volunteers aged 18 years or older. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was determined by asking the volunteers to perform the Schaeffer test bilaterally. Results We prospectively collected data on 1,008 volunteers, 531 male and 477 female, with age between 18 and 74 years (mean 38.4 years). The absence of palmaris longus tendon was observed in 264 (26.2%) volunteers. Bilateral absence was detected in 123 volunteers (12.2%), 60 female (48.8%) and 63 male (51.2%). Unilateral absence was found in 141 patients (14.0%), 54 female (38.2%) and 87 male (61.8%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in our study was 26.2%. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and bilaterally. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was predominant on unilateral right side in males.
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de ausência de tendão palmaris longus em uma amostra populacional de uma cidade multiétnica brasileira. Métodos Um estudo observacional transversal foi realizado entre outubro de 2017 e abril de 2018. Incluímos voluntários dos sexos masculino e feminino com 18 anos ou mais. A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi determinada pedindo aos voluntários que realizassem o teste de Schaeffer bilateralmente. Resultados Foram coletados prospectivamente dados de 1.008 voluntários, 531 homens e 477 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos (média de 38,4 anos). A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi observada em 264 (26,2%) voluntários. A ausência bilateral foi detectada em 123 voluntários (12,2%), 60 mulheres (48,8%) e 63 homens (51,2%). A ausência unilateral foi encontrada em 141 pacientes (14,0%), 54 mulheres (38,2%) e 87 homens (61,8%) (p<0,05). Conclusão A prevalência de ausência do tendão palmaris longus em nosso estudo foi de 26,2%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa bilateralmente e entre gêneros. A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi predominante no lado direito unilateral no sexo masculino.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Tendon Injuries , Hand Deformities, Congenital , Prevalenceالملخص
BACKGROUND Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV-1 through -4). Among the four serotypes, DENV-4 remains the least studied. Acute kidney injury is a potential complication of dengue generally associated with severe dengue infection. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the alterations caused by experimental dengue infection in the kidney of adult BALB/c mice. METHODS In this study, BALB/c mice were infected through the intravenous route with a DENV-4 strain, isolated from a human patient. The kidneys of the mice were procured and subject to histopathological and ultrastructural analysis. FINDINGS The presence of the viral antigen was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. Analysis of tissue sections revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout the parenchyma. Glomerular enlargement was a common find. Necrosis of tubular cells and haemorrhage were also observed. Analysis of the kidney on a transmission electron microscope allowed a closer look into the necrotic tubular cells, which presented nuclei with condensed chromatin, and loss of cytoplasm. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Even though the kidney is probably not a primary target of dengue infection in mice, the inoculation of the virus in the blood appears to damage the renal tissue through local inflammation.
الملخص
ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and analyze the face and content validity of a storyboard for constructing an educational video for training laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation with only chest compressions in adults. Methods: a methodological study of storyboard elaboration and validity for producing an educational health video. The storyboard was submitted to analysis of 20 judges to assess its adequacy with the proposed objective. To assess the agreement between judges, the Content Validity Index was calculated. After validating the storyboard, video production took place. Results: the Content Validity Index met expectations. Its mean in each group was ≥ 0.90 (lay judges = 0.97; expert judges = 0.90; all judges = 0.94). Conclusions: the video produced is composed of scientific information, professional expertise and laypersons' perceptions, making it important evidence for health education.
RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y analizar la validez de apariencia y contenido de un storyboard para la construcción de un video educativo para la formación de legos en reanimación cardiopulmonar con solo compresiones torácicas en adultos. Métodos: estudio metodológico de la elaboración y validación de un storyboard para la producción de un video educativo en salud. El storyboard fue sometido al análisis de 20 jueces, para evaluar su adecuación al objetivo propuesto. Para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Después de validar el guión gráfico, se produjo el video. Resultados: el Índice de Validez de Contenido obtenido cumplió con las expectativas. Su promedio en cada grupo fue ≥ 0,90 (jueces legos = 0,97; jueces expertos = 0,90; todos los jueces = 0,94). Conclusiones: el video producido está compuesto por información científica, experiencia profesional y percepciones de los legos, lo que lo convierte en evidencia importante para la educación en salud.
RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e analisar a validade de face e de conteúdo de um storyboard para a construção de um vídeo educativo para treinamento de leigos em reanimação cardiopulmonar somente com compressões torácicas em adultos. Métodos: estudo metodológico de elaboração e validação de um storyboard para a produção de um vídeo educativo em saúde. O storyboard foi submetido à análise de 20 juízes, para avaliação de sua adequação com objetivo proposto. Para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes, calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Após a validação do storyboard, ocorreu a produção do vídeo. Resultados: o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo obtido atendeu ao esperado. A média dele em cada grupo esteve ≥ 0,90 (juízes leigos = 0,97; juízes experts = 0,90; todos os juízes = 0,94). Conclusões: o vídeo produzido é composto por informações científicas, expertise profissional e percepções de leigos, tornando-se importante evidência para a educação em saúde.