Animal Experiments on Male Infertility Treated by Tonifying Kidney / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Experimental research on male infertility is critical to the study of the pathogenesis of male infertility and the evaluation of drug therapy. This paper reviewed animal experiments on male infertility in recent years. The experimental models of male infertility mainly include oligoasthenozoospermia （OA），teratozoospermia，azoospermia， and varicocele animal models. The OA animal models are mostly induced by glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii （GTW）， adenine，hydrocortisone， and radiation，which are mainly chemical means. The animal models of azoospermia were usually constructed by intraperitoneal injection of bissulfonyl alkylating agent busulfan and immersion of scrotum in 43 ℃ water. There are few studies on animal models of teratozoospermia，and the induction methods by GTW and methyl methanesulfonate（MMS） are common. The animal models of varicocele-caused infertility are usually induced by operation. The ligation of the middle division of the left renal vein between the lateral inferior vena cava and the medial spermatic vein has a significant influence on testicular morphology and epididymal sperm quality. Animal experimental studies have shown that classic prescriptions for tonifying the kidney and promoting spermatogenesis represented by Wuzi Yanzongwan and clinical empirical prescriptions by modern research have played a significant role in the treatment of male infertility. The mechanism of tonifying the kidney in the treatment of male infertility mainly focuses on inhibiting spermatogenic cell apoptosis. The kidney-tonifying method can regulate the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells，which provides a new treatment idea and a reliable scientific basis for traditional Chinese medicine in the field of male reproduction.

Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#High explosives are used to produce blast waves to study their biological effects. The lungs are considered as the critical target organ in blast-effect studies. The degree of lung hemorrhaging is related to both the explosive power and the increased lung weight. We studied the characteristics of the biological effects from an air explosion of a thermobaric bomb in a high-altitude environment and the lethality and lung injury severity of goats in different orientations and distances.@*METHODS@#Goats were placed at 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 m from the explosion center and exposed them to an air blast at an altitude of 4700-meter. A group of them standing oriented to the right side and the other group seated facing the explosion center vertically. The lung injuries were quantified according to the percentage of surface area contused, and using the pathologic severity scale of lung blast injury (PSSLBI) to score the 4 injury categories (slight, moderate, serious and severe) as 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The lung coefficient (lung weight [g]/body weight [kg]) was the indicator of pulmonary edema and was related to lung injury severity. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to goats. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26.0, statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).@*RESULTS@#In total, 127 goats were involved in this study. Right-side-standing goats had a significantly higher mortality rate than those seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). At the 2.5 m distance, the goat mortality was nearly 100%, whereas at 5 m, all the goats survived. Lung injuries of the right-side-standing goats were 1 - 2 grades more serious than those of seated goats at the same distances, the scores of PSSLBI were significantly higher than the seated vertical-facing goats (p < 0.05). The lung coefficient of the right-side-standing goats were significantly higher than those of seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). Mortality, PSSLBI, and the lung coefficient results indicated that the right-side-standing goats experienced severer injuries than the seated vertical-facing goats, and the injuries were lessened as the distance increased. The blast overpressure was consistent with these results.@*CONCLUSION@#The main killing factors of the thermobaric bomb in the high-altitude environment were blast overpressure, blast wind propulsions and burn. The orientation and distances of the goats significantly affected the blast injury severity. These results may provide a research basis for diagnosing, treating and protecting against injuries from thermobaric explosions.

Two new triterpenes from Maytenus guangxiensis with their antiproliferative activity / 药学学报

Four triterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Maytenus guangxiensis by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI column chromatography and preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were determined from their physicochemical properties and spectral data. They were identified as maytguanone A (1), maytguanone B (2), 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (3), lup-20(29)-ene-3β,11α-diol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpenoids, along with compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from M. guangxiensis for the first time. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 3 and 4 was evaluated using the MTT procedure with three cancer cell lines. The results show that compound 3 displayed good inhibitory effects against HeLa, with an IC50 of 10.68 μmol·L-1.

Mechanism of Huoxue Tongluo Decoction in treatment of erectile dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (HXTLD) on erectile dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke and identify the mechanisms involved. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to predict the key active ingredients and targets of HXTLD. Surgical methods were used to create a rat model of ischemic stroke. The rats were then given a suspension of HXTLD by ig administration. Erectile function was evaluated by Apomorphine (APO) induction. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of related mRNAs and proteins in rat penile corpus cavernous tissue and brain tissue. Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining was used to investigate structural changes in the penile cavernous tissue. Results: Network pharmacology showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were the key targets of HXTLD in the treatment of erectile dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke. Experimental studies showed that HXTLD improved erectile dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke. HE results showed that HXTLD improved the structure of the corpus cavernosa. HXTLD also inhibited the expression of TNF and VEGF proteins in penile tissue (P < 0.05) and enhanced the expression of eNOS protein in penile tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HXTLD improved the erectile function of rats with erectile dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke by regulating the mRNA and protein levels of TNF, eNOS and VEGF.

The diagnostic value of monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in diabetic foot / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the changes and clinical significance of monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) of diabetic foot (DF)．Methods:186 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) from October 2017 to October 2019 in our hospital were selected as the study objects. Patients with DF lesions were included in DF group ( n＝93), those without DF lesions were included in DM group ( n＝93). Healthy people in the same period without high risk factors such as hypertension and overweight were taken as the control group ( n＝93). The levels of MHR and Lp-PLA2 of the three groups were compared, and to analyze the correlation between MHR and Lp-PLA2, the course of diabetes, HbA1c. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of DF, and the diagnostic value of MHR and Lp-PLA2 for DF. Results:The duration of diabetes in DF group was significantly longer than that in DM group, and the levels of HbA1c, MHR and Lp-PLA2 were was significantly higher than that in DM group ( P<0.05). MHR, Lp-PLA2 in DF patients were positively correlated with the course of diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Logistic regression analysis showed that MHR and Lp-PLA2 were independent risk factors for DF. The sensitivity (84.50%), specificity (88.22%) and area under curve (AUC) (0.871) of the combination of MHR and Lp-PLA2 were higher than those of MHR or Lp-PLA2 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:MHR and Lp-PLA2 are related to the occurrence of DF, and the combined detection of the two indexes has high diagnostic value for DF.

The significance of serum NT-proBNP determination for the death risk evaluation in elderly patients with chronic disease in five years / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the significance of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for the death risk evaluation in elderly patients with chronic disease in five years.Methods A total of 765 elderly patients with chronic disease[136 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD),76 patients with hypertension disease (HD),86 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),75 patients with Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM),76 patients with cerebral infarction (CI),73 patients with coronary heart disease combined with hypertension,71 patients with coronary heart disease combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,61 patients with coronary heart disease combined with diabetic,51 patients with coronary heart disease combined with cerebral infarction,and 60 patients with three comorbidity] were classified into the survival group (312 cases) and the death group (453 cases) according to disease prognosis.The serum NT-proBNP levels of 88 healthy controls and 765 elderly patients with chronic disease were determined by bi-directional lateral flow immunoassay.The death events were followed up and observed for an average of 5 years.The results were analyzed statistically.Results The serum NT-proBNP levels in the death group with various diseases were significantly higher than the survival group (P ＜0.01),the patient's age and the proportion of male in the death group and the survival group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The serum NT-proBNP levels,the patient's age and the Proportion of male in the death group with various elderly chronic diseases had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).The serum NT-proBNP levels in the death group with various elderly chronic diseases had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05),and were significantly higher than the survival group (P ＜ 0.01).The patient's age and the proportion of male in the death group and the survival group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The serum NT-proBNP levels in the death group in the different periods had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01),and were significantly higher than the survival group and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.01).The more shorter of the survival time was,the higher the serum NT-proBNP 1eve was.The serum NT-proBNP levels were negatively correlated with the survival time of the patients (r =-0.378,P =0.000).The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the optimal cut-off values of serum NT-proBNP levels for the death risk evaluation in elder patients with chronic disease were 1 499.50 ng/L.Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rates of serum NT-proBNP levels had significant difference (P ＜0.01).The higher the serum NT-proBNP level was,the more shorter of the Survival rates were.Conclusions The levels of serum NT-proBNP have an important prognostic value in the death risk evaluation in elderly patients with various chronic disease.It is an independent risk factor for the death occurred in eiderly patients with chronic disease.The levels of serum NT-proBNP are closely correlated with the survival rates and survival time of elderly patients,It can be used as a monitoring indicator of the elderly patients with chronic disease in risk stratification.

The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on nitric oxide level in testis of male rats / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on testis structure and nitric oxide (NO) level in testis of rats.Methods A total of 160 adult male SD rats were divided into control group and low,medium,high dose groups.The smoke-exposed rats were respectively exposed to the smog for the periods of 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,10 rats in each group.The smoke-exposed rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 0.5 h per day.The testicular tissue structure was observed and the body mass and the NO level of testis were measured.Results Compared with the control group and low dose group,the body mass of the rats was significantly lower in the medium and high dose groups exposed for 4,6,8,12 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the medium dose groups,the body mass of the rats was significantly lower in the high dose group exposed for 8 weeks and 12 weeks (P<0.05).And with the increase of exposure dose,the reducing was even more obvious.Compared with the control group and low and medium dose groups,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the high dose groups exposed for 2,4,6,8 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the medium dose groups exposed for 8 weeks (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the low,medium and high dose groups exposed for 12 weeks (P<0.05);and compared with the low dose group,NO level in testis of rats was significantly increased in the medium and high dose groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure may have impacts on testis tissue and lead to the increase of NO level in testis of male rats.

Cloning, subcellular lacalization and expression analysis of chloroplast-targeted Obg gene in Cyathula officinalis / 中国中药杂志

According to ObgC gene sequences from Cyathula officinalis genomic data, the specific primers were designed, and a full-length CoObgC cDNA (2 226 bp) was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methord. Sequence alignment showed that CoObgC gene contained a 1 818 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 605 amino acids. Sequence analysis predicted that molecular weight of CoObgC protein was about 66.39 kDa, the academic isoelectric point was 5.35, and the protein was stable protein. Then multiple sequence alignment was applied to construct phylogenetic tree. The real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that a high expression level in leaf, followed by root and flower, the low transcription was in stem. The recombinant vector pCABIA2300-CoObgC was constructed and introduced into tobacco epidermal cells by agrobacterium-mediated transformation, green fluorescence was tested and targeted to chloroplast under a laser scanning confocal microscope. These findings will be helpful to lay a foundation for studying the structure and function of CoObgC gene, and elucidating C. officinalis molecular biology experiment.

Physiological and biochemical change of Paris seed in after-ripening during variable temperature stratification / 中国中药杂志

In order to explore the dormancy physiological and biochemical mechanism of Paris seeds, the seed embryo growth courses, and the dynamic change of 5 enzymes, include SOD, POD, CAT, MDH, G-6-PDH were measured during variable temperature stratification. The results indicated that Paris seeds embryo grew quickly after 40 d in warm-stratification (18 ± 1) °C, at the meantime the metabolic activity was significantly strengthened. These facts showed that Paris seeds turned into physiological after-ripening process. After 60-80 d, the morphological embryo after-ripping process basically completed, and the following cold-stratification (4 ± 1) °C furthered Paris seed to finish physiological after-ripening. After 40 d, the activity of MDH decreased while G-6-PDH increased significantly. This showed that the main respiratory pathway of seed changed from TCA to PPP, which benifited breaking seed dormancy. In the whole period of stratification process, the activity variation of SOD and CAT was insignificantly and the activity of POD was enhanced significantly after shifting the seed in cold stratification process. This showed that SOD, CAT had no direct effects on breaking Paris seed dormancy but keeping the seed vigor, while the POD might involve in the process of Paris seed dormancy breaking.

Clinical research of modified taohe chengqi granule combined mannitol for treating complicated edema in affected limbs of patients after tibiofibulas double fracture operation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Modified Taohe Chengqi Granule (MTCG) combined mannitol for treating complicated edema in affected limbs of patients after tibiofibulas double fracture operation (TDFO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 64 TDFO patients complicated edema were randomly assigned to the treated group and the control group, 32 in each group. Those in the treated group took MTCG combined intravenous dripping of mannitol, while those in the control group received intravenous dripping of mannitol alone. The treatment course was 1 week. The clinical efficacy, the onset time, the swelling degree, and the pain index were observed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One week after operation, the effective rate was 98.0% and the markedly effective rate was 87.5% in the treated group, while they were 78.0% and 56.9% respectively in the control group. Better results were obtained in the treated group, showing statistical difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As for the onset time for swelling subsiding, it was (2.4 +/- 1.3) days in the treated group and (3.8 +/- 2.9) days in the control group. There was statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Better effects on the swelling subsiding degree and the pain index were obtained in the treated group, showing statistical difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MTCG combined mannitol could obviously abate the edema in affected limbs of patients after TDFO. It was a better treatment method for managing edema in the peri-operative period of orthopedics.</p>

Interleukin-18 and -12 synergistically enhance cytotoxic functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the immunopathogenesis of individual cancer is not clear and is a challenge for anti-tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-18 and -12 on cytotoxic functions of TILs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TILs from postoperative gastric cancer patients were costimulated with IL-18 and IL-12. SGC-7901 tumor cells were pre-incubated with TILs and subcutaneously injected into BALB/C SCID mice. The function of TILs was evaluated by measuring tumor sizes in tumor-bearing mice, T helper (Th)1 (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ) and Th2 cytokine levels (IL-10 and IL-4) in serum and cytotoxicity of mouse natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-18 and IL-12 synergistically inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells in vivo and significantly extended the survival rate of SGC-7901-bearing mice (66.7% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.01). Moreover, TILs could promote the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ ((130.34 ± 7.65) vs. (210.63 ± 12.31) pg/ml, P < 0.01; (14.23 ± 1.97) vs. (30.52 ± 2.12) pg/ml, P < 0.01), and downregulate IL-10 and IL-4 secretion ((103.72 ± 11.21) vs. (61.36 ± 5.41) pg/ml, P = 0.021; (49.36 ± 4.67) vs. (28.48 ± 3.86) pg/ml, P = 0.024).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IL-18 and IL-12 can synergistically enhance cytotoxic functions of TILs from human gastric cancer.</p>

Eighty three cases of post transfusion HCV infection: a 10-year follow up / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out clinical characteristics and natural history of post transfusion HCV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>83 subjects who have received the blood from a same blood donor from January 1998 to July 2002 were investigated by the method combining cross-sectional study with retrospective study. HCV-antibody, HCV RNA, liver function, abdomen B-ultrasound and Fibroscan were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HCV-antibody were all positive. The HCV RNA of 56 out of the 83 cases were positive. The chronicity rates of hepatis C were 76.3% (29/38) in male patients and 60.00% (27/45) in female patients respectively, without significant difference (X² = 2.99, P = 0.11). The average age of the HCV RNA positive patients was (36.54 ± 14.37) years old. The average age of the HCV RNA negative patients was (27.43 ± 12.51) years old. A significant difference (T = -2.41, P = 0.018) existed between. The HCV genotype was type1b. Among the HCV RNA positive patients,10 cases were with mild asthenia, anorexia and abdominal distention, 9 cases with increased serum ALT, 12 cases.with chronic hepatitis and 1 case was diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical manifestations of HCV infection are occult and chronic. The chronicity rate is related to gender and the age when infection was caught.</p>

Outcomes of surgeries for acute cervical spinal cord injury without cervical spine fracture or dislocation in young and middle-aged patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the outcomes of surgeries for acute central cervical spinal cord injury without cervical spine fracture or dislocation in young and middle-aged patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 58 young and middle-aged patients with acute central cervical spinal cord injury treated in our hospital between August 2005 and August 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Of these patients, 33 (24 males and 9 females) received surgical treatment and 25 (17 males and 8 females) had conservative therapy. The ASIA grade and ASIA motor and sensory score were used for evaluation at admission and at 14 days and 1 year after the treatment. The neurological symptoms and treatment outcomes in the two groups were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of patients with ASIA grade D-E and the ASIA motor and sensory scores were all significantly higher in the surgical group than in the non-surgical treatment group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For young and middle-aged patients with central cervical spinal cord injury, immediate surgery can relieve the pressure on the injured spinal cord and improve the micro-circulation to promote functional recovery of the spinal cord.</p>

Recurrent miscarriage and the quality of semen and sperm: a case-control study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relation between recurrent miscarriage and routine semen parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We compared the semen parameters of normal healthy men with those of the spouses of recurrent miscarriage women through 1: 1 age-matched case-control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy controls, the men of the case group showed a significantly lower mean semen volume ([1.95 +/- 1.11] ml vs [2.74 +/- 1.43] ml), sperm concentration ([48.68 +/- 20.07] x 10(6)/ml vs [59.26 +/- 25.35] x 10(6)/ml), percentage of grade b sperm ([12.07 +/- 3.34] % vs [16.18 +/- 6.74] %), fruit-sugar content ([1.73 +/- 0.64] g/L vs [2.21 +/- 0.75] g/L), acrosomal enzyme activity ([84.34 +/- 26.69] U/mg prot vs [94.20 +/- 26.35] U/mg prot), alpha-glucuronidase (alpha-GLU) content ([36.28 +/- 15.98] U/ml vs [44.45 +/- 12. 54] U/ml), and acid phosphatase (ACP) content ([68.55 +/- 35.45] U/ml vs [84.78 +/- 51. 10] U/ml) (P < 0.05), but remarkably higher percentages of head teratospermia ([47.36 +/- 4.59] % vs [46.50 +/- 6.32] %) and tail teratospermia ([7.56 +/- 2.27] % vs [7.28 +/- 3.10] %), and elastase content ([885.64 +/- 1 272.30] ng/ml vs [661.08 +/- 764.64] ng/ml) (P < 0.05). Based on the results of discriminant analysis, the semen volume, percentages of grade b sperm and combined teratospermia, and contents of fruit-sugar, alpha-GLU and ACP could be used to evaluate the semen and sperm quality of the spouses of recurrent miscarriage women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Routine semen and sperm tests might help evaluate the seminal factors of recurrent miscarriage, but they lack specificity and need comprehensive analysis. Poorer semen quality is associated with higher incidence of recurrent miscarriage.</p>

Effect of oleum fructus brucease injection via bronchial arterial infusion in treating advanced lung cancer / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) with oleum fructus bruceae (OFB) Injection and chemotherapeutic agents (CTA) in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and three patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized into 2 groups, the 98 patients in the treatment group treated by BAI with OFB + CTA and the 50 in the control group by BAI with CTA alone. The incidence of adverse reaction, change of tumor size and patients' quality of life (QOL) in the two groups were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The objective effective rate (CR + PR) was 63.3% in the treatment group and 46.0% in the control group (P < 0.01); the median survival duration in them was 363 days and 305 days; the 1-year cumulative survival rate was 70.4% and 44.0%, and the QOF improving rate was 83.7% and 62.0% respectively, the difference between groups were all statistically significant (P < 0.01). In addition, the incidence of adverse reactions of digestive symptoms, bone marrow suppression and the hepato-, renal and cardiac toxicities were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAI with OFB + CTA in treating NSCLC could enhance the objective therapeutic effect of simple chemotherapy, as well as raise the QOL and protect immune and medulla function in patients.</p>

Flow-dependent regulation of vascular function and gene expression in rat superior mesenteric artery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mesenteric artery thrombosis is prone to occur at specific arterial regions with different fluid flow patterns, yet mechanistic links between blood flow and vascular function remain unclear. This study aimd to investigate the role of blood flow in regulation of vascular function and gene expression in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Isometric tension was recorded in wire myograph to examine vascular function of specific regions (trunk parts and proximal parts from the origin) with different blood flow in superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Endothelial nitric oxide syntheses (eNOS), phosphorylated-eNOS (p-eNOS), serine-threonine kinase Akt and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) protein expressions in SMA were examined by Western blotting. Significance was analyzed using a Student's t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Dunnett's multiple-comparison post hoc test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with trunks, proximal parts exhibited severely impaired relaxant responses to acetylcholine (Ach) (1 nmol/L to 10 micromol/L) (P < 0.01). p-eNOS and p-Akt protein levels were significantly reduced in proximal parts of SMA (0.37 +/- 0.03, 0.42 +/- 0.03 respectively) versus trunk parts (0.82 +/- 0.03, 0.72 +/- 0.03 respectively, both P < 0.05) while total eNOS and Akt expressions remain comparable in both regions by Western blotting analysis (0.70 +/- 0.03 vs 0.82 +/- 0.03; 0.70 +/- 0.03 vs 0.77 +/- 0.03 respectively, both P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Critical components that drive the vascular function and influence the localization of mesenteric artery thrombosis are flow-responsive elements within the vascular endothelium.</p>

Surgical Treatment for Complete Transposition of the Great Areteries / 医学研究杂志

Objective To report the experience of surgical treatment of 4 patients with complete transposition of great areteries (TGA). Methods 4 cases received arterial switch operation and senning operation from November 2004 to January 2008, including 1 case of TGA without VSD(TGA - IVS), 3 TGA with VSD (TGA -VSD), 2 TGA with Mild pulmonary valve stenosis. Results There no death during the operation or postoperation. Patients were followed up from 5 months to 3years. All the patients got better ,grew faster and cyanosis relieved apparently. 2 patients had mild to moderate mitral regurgitation preoperatively. I patient had mild mitral regurgitation post-operatively and 1 patient had no mitral regurgitation. There was no aortic stenosis or pulmonary valve stenosis after operation. I patient assis-ted respiration for 62 days after operation because of old age. All the patients recovered smoothly after operation. Conclusion Using arte-rial switch operation and senning operation to correct complete transposition of great artery could get satisfying operative results, and the ar-terial switch operation will also get good effect in older children with better left ventricular development.

Analysis of adverse drug reaction of gatifloxacin in Hunan province from Aug. 2003 to Jul. 2007 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the occurrences of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of gatifloxacin, and to guide the rational usage of antibacterial agents in clinical practice in the future.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 077 ADR patient who received gatifloxacin were retrospectively studied in Hunan province from August 2003 to July 2007.@*RESULTS@#Gatifloxacin could cause multi-system and multi-organ ADRs with wide variety of clinical manifestations. Of the 1 077 ADR patients, ADR incidence rate was slightly lower in males than that in females, the age of 821 (76.23%) ADR patients were 20 approximately 59 years; 905 (84.03%) were administered intravenously; and 682 (33.07%) had severe lesions of the digestive system, followed by lesions of the skin and the appendants (490 cases, 23.76%) and the nervous system (298 cases, 14.45%).@*CONCLUSION@#ADR caused by gatifloxacin should be monitored and reported so as to reduce or avoid ADR.

Combination of volar buttress plate with external fixator for the distal radial fractures of type C3 caused by high-energy injuries / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To preliminarily explore the effect of combination of volar buttress plate with external fixator for the distal radial fractures of type C3 caused by high-energy injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2001 to June 2007, 13 patients with distal radial fracture of type C3, 9 males and 4 females aged from 26 to 47 (average 37 years), were treated with volar buttress plate combined with external fixator plus the techniques of K-wires and bone grafting as necessary, whose effects were evaluated preliminarily through comparing the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Followed up from 7 to 29 months (average 18 months), the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function of all patients recovered remarkably. Nine patients achieved excellent and 4 good according to Sarmiento score (modified by Stewart) in the radiological manifestation, while 5 patients displayed excellent, 6 good, and 2 fair according to Gartland-Werley functional assessment system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1) Volar buttress plate could support the valor cortex in order to prevent comminuted fragment from displacing and maintain volar tilt and to provide the volar fulcrum for external fixator. 2) External fixator, with the assistance of volar fulcrum, could maintain the volar tilt and the height of distal radius and help unload the fossa. 3) Supplemental K-wires fixation and the bone graft may assist fracture stable.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of growth hormone gene in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether the growth hormone gene (GH) promotor polymorphism (rs2854184) is associated with the occurrence or curve severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and sixty-five AIS patients and 193 normal controls were recruited. The maximum Cobb angles were recorded in AIS patients. PCR-RFLP was used for the genotyping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequency distribution were AA 38.3%, AT 50.3%, TT 11.4% in AIS patients and AA 39.6%, AT 50.2%, 10.1% TT in controls for the promotor polymorphism rs2854184 in GH gene. It was comparable between AIS and normal control. The allele frequency distribution was also comparable between AIS and normal control. It was 63.5% for allele A, 36.5% for allele T in AIS patients and 64.7% for allele A, 35.3% for allele T in normal control. The mean maximum Cobb angle in AIS patients with AA, AT, TT genotypes were 33.8 degrees +/- 10.0 degrees, 36.4 degrees +/- 15.0 degrees, 34.5 degrees +/- 9.1 degrees, respectively, it was similar with each other.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GH gene promoter polymorphism is neither associated with the occurrence nor the curve severity of AIS.</p>