Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised populations(2023 edition-2) / 中国感染控制杂志

Since the end of 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has swept the world,bringing great harm to human society and significantly increasing the health burden.Due to stron-ger infectivity,faster transmission,and higher reinfection rate of the Omicron variant,it has now replaced the Delta variant as the main epidemic strain for both imported and local outbreaks in China.Chinese Diagnosis and treatment protocol for SARS-CoV-2 infection(10th trial version)emphasizes"strengthening the protection of key popula-tions,"which includes the increasing number of immunocompromised population.These people have a high inci-dence of severe diseases and a high fatality rate after infected with SARS-CoV-2,and belong to the high-risk popula-tions of severe or critical diseases.Moreover,due to underlying diseases,these people take immunosuppressants and other related drugs chronically.The interactions between anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment drugs and origi-nal drugs are complicated,thus bring significant challenges to the treatment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cur-rently,there is a lack of guidelines or consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection among im-munocompromised population.Therefore,the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health and National Center for Respiratory Medicine organized experts from multiple disciplines(respiratory and critical care medicine,organ transplantation,rheumatology and immunology,hematology,infection,critical care medicine,etc.)in China.Af-ter multiple rounds of discussions,13 items of recommendations are made as the reference for peers based on evi-dence-based medical evidence,so as to provide a theoretical and practical reference for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of this population.

Analysis on AIDS related knowledge, high-risk behaviors and STDs infection status of whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge, high risk behaviors, the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2, and to explore the associated factors with HSV-2 infection among whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention to prevent and control HIV and other STDs. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among whoremasters recruited through outreach activities and snowball sampling. The blood and urine were also collected for corresponding laboratory examination. Results Among the whoremasters, 98.22% had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, 9.33% once used drugs, and 14.67% did not use a condom during the latest commercial sex. 62.22% of the whoremasters ever had non-marital sex partners, and of those who had sex with non-marital sex partners in the past year, 59.55% reported using condoms inconsistently. The total infection rate of HIV/syphilis/HSV-2 was 18.22% and the infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 were 3.11%, 1.33% and 16.44%, respectively. The older whoremasters were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=1.044,95%CI:1.016-1.073,P=0.002), and those whoremasters not using a condom during the latest commercial sex were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=3.125,95%CI:1.229-7.945,P=0.017). Conclusions Though whoremasters in Kaiyuan City had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, they had high-risk behaviors and relatively high HIV and other STDs infection rates. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the risk awareness of STDs infection to promote consistent condom use in both commercial and non-marital sexual behaviors among whoremasters.

Diagnosis and treatment strategy for advanced severe lung cancer / 中国实用内科杂志

Advanced severe lung cancer means the stage IIIB, IIIC, and IV lung cancer patients with a PS score of 2 to 4 points due to various related causes of lung cancer itself or the complication of anti-tumor drugs, with a high probability of benefiting from the existing systemic anti-tumor treatments. The diagnosis and treatment strategies emphasize the implementation of minimally invasive dynamic monitoring mutation targets and curative effects. Every drug that is useful to the patient should be used as possible, and making the best use of every drug as possible with the help of respiratory support therapy. Specific treatment concepts include combination therapy,alternating medication, paying equal attention to systemic therapy and local therapy, PS score assessment, upgrading and downgrading of drug use, and simultaneous treatment of cancer and lung itself.

Microbial presence on kitchen dishcloths in Chinese households / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

To study the microbiological contamination of kitchen dishcloths in Chinese housholds, 1010 'in-use' kitchen dishcloths were collected from residential premises in Beijing and Shanghai, and they were sent to the laboratory for microbiological quality analysis. The aerobic plate counts for dishcloths were 10-109 cfu/cm2 in the range of 150 cfu/cm2 to 1.776×109 cfu/cm2 (Beijing) and 62.5 cfu/cm2 to 8.75×108 cfu/cm2 (Shanghai). Nineteen species of bacteria were detected in the dishcloths, most of which were conditional pathogenic bacteria. This study found a significant difference in the aerobic plate counts of dishcloths with regard to type, number of the days used, activities used for, and some family factors. The findings of the study highlight the potential for contamination of kitchen dishcloths within homes.

Association between awareness of smoking-related evidence and smoking cessation treatments provided by hospital chest physicians in Guangzhou, China: a multi-institutional cross-sectional survey / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Factors associated with smoking cessation interventions initiated by hospital chest physicians in China had not been studied. We examined if the physicians' awareness of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking was associated with the initiation of smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster randomized cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 2011 to August 2011 in hospital-based chest physicians (n = 354) in Guangzhou, China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of those who responded (n = 354, 92.2%), 63.8% were aware of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking and 64.5% initiated smoking cessation programs with their patients who smoked. Regarding the related awareness on smoking differed across physicians depending on their affiliation to evidence hospitals(χ(2) = 54.7, P > 0.001), i.e., primary (44.9%), secondary (55.1%)and tertiary hospitals (87.0%)was further supported by the related odds ratio (OR = 1.732, 95%CI:1.072-2.797, P < 0.05). Smoking status of physicians was related to their practice on smoking cessation, supported by the odds ratio (OR = 4.251, 95% CI:1.460-12.380, P = 0.008). Smoking cessation practice by physicians also depended on their affiliated hospitals. Physicians working at primary and secondary hospitals were less aware of the fact that smoking could reduce patients' responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids than those working at the tertiary hospitals(χ(2) = 37.9, P > 0.001). Furthermore, these physicians would less frequently prescribed medication related to smoking cessation(χ(2) = 137.71, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Physicians who were better aware of the health hazards of smoking might more actively provide smoking cessation advice in their clinics. The awareness might correlate with the hospital levels they worked and the smoking status while the the advice they provided might correlate with their educational background, job title, department affiliation and smoking status, but not with the level of hospitals.</p>

Study on the unintended pregnancy among married women of child-bearing age living in Qingshan district, Wuhan / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of unintended pregnancy (UP) and exploring the risk factors of UP for married women of child-bearing age from Qingshan district,Wuhan.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted in this study.Cluster sampling method was used with 3256 women recruited,in 2010.Information on history and risks related to social-demographic factors of UP were collected,using a self-administered questionnaire.Results Of the 3256 participants,over half of them (53.8％) reorted ever having had the history of UP and 9.1％ reported UP in the past year.Rate of UP in the past year for different age cohorts (18-30,31-40,41-49 years) were 31.8％,10.5％ and 1.8％ respectively.The most frequently reported reason for UP across all the age cohorts was "Did not use any contraceptive methods",with proportions on the reason that reported by women at 18-30,31-40 and 41-49 year-olds,were 69.7％,51.1％ and 42.4％ respectively.The second frequently reported reasons for UP were "Failure of traditional contraception" for younger cohort ( 18-30 years:13.0％ ) and "IUD dropped or pregnancy with IUD" for older-age cohorts (23.4％ at 31-40 year-olds and 37.0％ at the 41-49 year-oplds).The most frequently cited reason for "Did not use any contraceptive methods" was "Believe we were lucky so far,not to get pregnant" (59.6％).The risk factors of UP were being at older age,experiencing sex debut at younger age and got married at younger age.Conclusion The prevalence of lifetime UP history was high among women at child-bearing age from Qingshan district,Wuhan.Reproductive health services and interventions should be taken according to the needs from different age cohorts of women.Younger cohort of women should receive more attention.

Value of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsy for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six patients with lung cancer undergoing both PET-CT scanning and EBUS-TBNA biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guanzhou Medical College from July 2008 to August 2010 were included in this study. There were 89 male and 37 female patients with a mean age of 56.3 years (range 34 to 81 years). (18)FDG-PET was considered positive in mediastinal nodes if the PET-CT reported hypermetabolic activity consistent with malignant disease (standardized uptake value > 2.5). All of the patients were clinically followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 126 patients, 185 stations of lymph nodes were punctured. The mean diameter of the nodes was 13.6 mm and the range was 6 - 23 mm. There were no procedural complications. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of EBUS-TBNA were 95.7%, 95.7%, and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive, highly effective and accurate, practical and safe procedure for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes.</p>

A computer processing system for bronchoscopes images / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new equipment of a computer multimedia system combined with a bronchoscope is presented here, which is able to provide active images with a high definition, image capture, synchronized video recording and playback during bronchoscopy. Its operation is easy and its quality is reliable. It is an advanced product for endoscopies and is worth while to be applied to clinical application.