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Objective:To compare the trueness of incisal guidance of implant-supported single crowns designed by patient-specific motion(PSM)with that designed by average-value virtual articulator(AVA).Methods:The study had recruited 12 participants with complete dentition and stable incisal guidance.An intraoral scanner was used to scan digital casts and record two types of patient-specific mo-tion(data only including protrusive movement,and data including protrusive movement and lateral pro-trusive movement).The lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors which guided the protrusive movement was selected and elevated to create a reference cast.A maxillary central incisor of original casts was vir-tually extracted and implanted to generate a working cast.The Dental system software program was used to design implant-supported single crowns with the anatomical coping design method.The incisal guidance was designed by different methods.The incisal guidance in control group was designed by the average-value virtual articulator.The incisal guidance in experiment groups was designed by the patient-specific motion only including protrusive movement(PSM1)and with the patient-specific motion including protru-sive movement and lateral protrusive movement(PSM2).The incisal guidance of prosthesis designed by these 3 methods were compared with the original incisal guidance in Geomagic Control 2015(3DSystem,America).The measurements included:Average of positive values,ratio of positive area and maximum value reflecting supra-occlusion;average of negative values,ratio of negative area and minimum value re-flecting over-correction;and root mean square reflecting overall deviation.Results:Statistical data were collected using the median(interquartile range)method.The average of positive values,ratio of positive area and average of negative values of the PSM2 group were smaller than those of the control group[8.0(18.8)μm vs.37.5(47.5)μm;0vs.7.2％(38.1％);-109.0(63.8)μm vs.-66.5(64.5)μm],and the ratio of negative area of PSM2 group was larger than those of the control group[52.9％(47.8％)vs.17.3％(45.3％)],with significant differences(P all＜0.05).The ratio of positive area[0.1％(7.0％)]and average of negative values[-97.0(61.5)μm]of PSM1 group,were smaller than those of the control group,and the ratio of negative area[40.7％(39.2％)]of the PSM1 group was larger than that of the control group,with significant differences(P＜0.05).The average of positive values[20.0(42.0)μm]and ratio of positive area of PSM1 group was larger than that of the PSM2 group with significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion:To establish the incisor guidance of implant-supported single crowns,compared with the average-value virtual articulator and the patient-specific motion only including protrusive movement,the patient-specific motion including protrusive movement and lateral protrusive movement is more conducive to reducing the protrusive interference of prosthesis and improving the occlusal fit.
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Objective:To construct a recombinant plasmid pET30a-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) containing 15 (LRRC15) of Taenia solium, prokaryotically express and purify the LRRC15 recombinant protein, and prepare a rabbit polyclonal antibody. Methods:The LRRC15 protein encoding gene of Taenia solium was obtained by whole gene synthesis; it was cloned into pET30a vector, and the recombinant plasmid pET30a-LRRC15 was constructed and identified by double-enzyme PCR; the recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the recombinant protein LRRC15 was induced to express by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the expression product was analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); the LRRC15 recombinant protein was purified by Ni-IDA affinity columns, the purified recombinant protein was analyzed and identified by SDS-PAGE, and the specificity of the purified recombinant protein was identified by Western blot (WB); the New Zealand rabbits were immunized with purified LRRC15 recombinant protein to prepare polyclonal antibodies against LRRC15, and the potency of the purified polyclonal antibody was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:After PCR identification, a band with a length of 1 506 bp was amplified, which was consistent with the LRRC15 gene; after SDS-PAGE and WB identification, the LRRC15 target protein with a relative molecular mass ( Mr) of about 55.36 × 10 3 was obtained; after immunizing New Zealand rabbits with purified LRRC15 recombinant protein, a polyclonal antibody against LRRC15 was obtained, and its potency was 1∶1 587 200. Conclusion:The recombinant plasmid pET30a-LRRC15 is successfully constructed, the LRRC15 recombinant protein of Taenia solium is prepared, and a high purity and high potency rabbit anti polyclonal antibody against LRRC15 recombinant protein is obtained.
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Objective:To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome(MS) with cardiovascular disease(CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis from January 1, 2013 to July 31, 2021 in the Shaoxing People′s Hospital. Patients were divided into MS group and non-MS group. The differences in baseline biochemical variables, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain survival curves, the Cox regression model was used to evaluate the influence of MS for survival rates, and the inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW) was used to eliminate influence of the confounders in the groups.Results:A total of 494 peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled in this study, which were divided into MS group( n=266) and non-MS group( n=228). The total median follow-up time was(31±22) months. At baseline, the standard mean difference( SMD) in smoking history, drinking history, CVD history, prevalence of chronic glomerulonephritis, left ventricular ejection fraction, B-type natriuretic peptides, hemoglobin, blood calcium, hypersensitive C-reactive-protein, intact parathyroid hormone, ultrafiltration and 4 h dialysate/plasma creatinine in the two groups were greater than 0.1. Their SMD decreased to under 0.1 after IPTW, showing a good balance between the two groups. The analysis of the survival curve of Kaplan Meier showed that the cumulative survival rate and cumulative CVD survival rate in MS group were significantly lower than those in non-MS group before and after IPTW( P<0.05). After IPTW was used to eliminate the effect of confounders, multivariate Cox regression analysis still displayed that MS was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality( HR=1.824, 95% CI 1.121-2.968, P=0.015) and CVD mortality( HR=2.470, 95% CI 1.324-4.609, P=0.004)in peritoneal dialysis patients. Conclusion:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high in peritoneal dialysis patients. MS is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Objective:To investigate the value of stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) in patients with focal epilepsy.Methods:Eighteen patients with focal epilepsy admitted to and treated by SEEG-guided RFTC in our hospital from April 2019 to December 2020 were chosen. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed, and follow up was performed monthly by telephone and outpatient subsequent visit. The treatment efficacies of these patients were evaluated by Engel grading.Results:(1) The number of electrodes accurately implanted into the intended target in these 18 patients was 4-11 (6.56±2.15 on average); unilateral implantation was noted in 6 patients, and bilateral implantation was noted in 12 patients. SEEG monitoring showed that 7 patients were with frontal lobe epilepsy, 8 were with temporal lobe epilepsy, 2 were with frontotemporal junction epilepsy, and one was with temporal occipital junction epilepsy. (2) Two-9 RFTC electrodes (3.43±1.47 on average), and 9-42 RFTC contacts (17.38±9.20 on average) were given in these 18 patients. One patient developed seizures during the course of RFTC, one had temporary mental symptoms after RFTC, one had diffuse brain edema with intracranial hypertension, and one had asymptomatic regional brain edema. The total complication incidence was 22.2% (4/18) and no permanent neurological impairment occurred. (3) Eleven patients (61.1%) had recurred seizure within 1 year of RFTC: 3 (27.3%) recurred within 1 month, 3 (27.3%) recurred within 1-3 months, 3 (27.3%) recurred within 3-6 months, and 2 (18.2%) recurred within 6-12 months; however, the duration and frequency of seizure were obviously decreased as compared with those before RFTC. Seven patients (38.9%) received craniotomy after RFTC; follow up for 5-24 months showed that 12 patients were with Engel grading I, 4 were with Engel grading II, 2 were with Engel III, and no one was with Engel grading IV.Conclusions:SEEG-guided RFTC has enabled patients with focal epilepsy to achieve complete remission of their seizures with varying durations, and some patients have achieved long-term remission of their seizures. For patients with recurrent epilepsy after SEEG-guided RFTC, further craniotomy of the epileptogenic area is still effective.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between (serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,sNGAL) and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods 300 patients with CKD were divided into two groups according to the level of sNGAL:high sNGAL group (n=158) and low sNGAL group (n=142).The incidence of cardiovascular events and cumulative survival rate were analyzed by ROC curve,and the correlation between sNGAL and cardiovascular risk factors,cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease was analyzed.Influencing factors of cardiovascular events in CKD patients was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the data about BMI,diabetes proportion,CKD staging,eGFR,hsCRP,24h proteinuria,HDL,iPTH,phosphate and blood calcium between the two groups (P＜0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of high sNGAL group(77.2％) was significantly lower than that of low sNGAL group(96.5％),and the 3-year incidence of cardiovascular events (37.9％) was significantly higher than that of low sNGAL group (9.8％) (P＜ 0.05).AUC in diagnosing cardiovascular events in high sNGAL group (0.746) was significantly higher than that in eGFR(0.636),age (0.504),serum calcium (0.545),HDL(0.594) and LDL (0.508,all P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between sNGAL and eGFR,HDL,BMI,hs-CRP,iPTH and phosphate (P＜ 0.05).Both univariate and multivariate fact ors COX showed that sNGAL was a risk factor of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD (P＜0.05),((HR=1.976 and 1.588,95％ CI=1.443-2.724 and 1.144-2.143,respectively,P=0.O00 and 0.000)).Conclusions The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD with high sNGAL is significantly increased.sNGAL is an independent factor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal disease.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the flexible laser endotracheal intubation light-wand device in guiding tracheal intubation in pediatric patients. Methods Ninety pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 4-8 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ, scheduled for elec-tive surgery under general anesthesia requiring oral tracheal intubation, were divided into 2 groups ( n=45 each) using a random number table method: flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device group ( group A) and direct laryngoscope group ( group B) . After induction of anesthesia, orotracheal intubation was carried out with a flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device in group A or with a direct la-ryngoscope in group B. The development of hypertension and tachycardia during intubation, intubation time, and rate of successful intubation were recorded. The development of complications such as sore throat, hoarseness, aphonia and dysphagia was recorded at 24 h after surgery. Results Compared with group B, no significant change was found in the total rate of successful intubation ( P>0. 05) , the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was significantly increased, incubation time was shortened, and the in-cidence of hypertension and tachycardia during intubation and sore throat after surgery was decreased in group A ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion The flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device produces bet-ter efficacy in guiding tracheal intubation when compared with direct laryngoscope in pediatric patients.
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Objective To sort out the functional composition of the official App of a tertiary general hospital, and its usage. Methods Taking the tertiary general hospitals identified from the national hospital quality monitoring system as the research objects, statistically analyzing their functional composition, and comparing the App and WeChat public platform of two hospitals as examples.In addition, collecting relevant data from the official website of the hospital, and analyzing the influencing factors of its download and usage with multiple linear regression methods. Results There were 469 tertiary general hospitals nationwide, of which 137 had official Apps, with an accessibility rate of 29.21%.The accessibility rated in the eastern, central and western regions were 27.85% , 13.48% and 17.43% respectively.Hospital App prioritized in turn appointment registration (94.9% ), test report ( 76.8% ), and hospital navigation ( 71.7% ). The development of the hospital App in the eastern region taked the lead compared to the middle and western ones.The App′s score and the total outpatient visits of hospital had a positive impact on the download and use of the hospital App.The App′s scoring had a noteworthy impact. Conclusions Hospitals should enable to innovate their services, and highlight their characteristics.App should optimize its interface, improve its functions, enhance the interconnection of App functions, strengthen data security management, strengthen its publicity and expand its influence.
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Objective To establish genotyping methods for vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1)and cytochrome P450 2C9(CYP2C9)based on pyrosequencing technique to detection of warfarin metabolizing enzyme related gene polymorphisms.Methods A total of 50 peripheral blood samples from healthy adults were collected and the whole blood genomic DNA was extracted.A set of biotin-labeled amplifi-cation primers and sequencing primers were designed respectively for three SNP sites:VKORC1 -1639 G>A,CYP2C9 430C> T and CYP2C9 1075A>C.After PCR amplification of the samples,pyrophosphoric acid se-quencing was conducted.And then the signal peaks form were combined to analyze and determine each sample genotype.Genotyping results were verified by Sanger sequencing,and the consistency of the two sequencing methods was compared.Results Genotypes of the three SNPs can be clearly determined according to the ba-ses and height of the signal peaks.Among the 50 samples,there were 41 AA and nine AG for VKORC1 -1639G>A,accounting for 82% and 12% respectively,and there were 45 *1/*1,five *1/*3 for CYP2C9, accounting for 90% and 10% respectively,no CYP2C9*2 allele detected.Genotype results detected by pyrose-quencing and Sanger sequencing were consistent with each other.Conclusion In SNP genotyping,Pyrose-quencing has the advantages of convenience,time-saving,cheap with accurate and reliable results,which can quickly determine the genotypes of CYP2C9 and VKORC1.
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Objective To explore the effect of flexible laser endotracheal intubation optical device (patent number 201520785723.7) on oral and maxillofacial intubation operations. Methods Forty-two patients with the oral and maxillofacial intubation optical device for general anesthesia were included in this study. The patients were from 16 to 73 years old and ASAⅠ-Ⅱ. Surface anesthesia was prepared for airway and nasal cavity. There were 27 patients whose mouth opening were smaller than 3 cm. After intravenous injection of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.2μg/kg, reinforced endotracheal tube was inserted into throat 13-15 cm, then the probe shape to 120° and optical device were placed into the tube respectively, guided the tube according to the light spot in front of neck. There were 15 patients whose mouth opening were not smaller than 3 cm. The quick guidance optical device and larygoscope were adopted to help the intubation. After intravenous injection of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg, the reinforced endotracheal tube was inserted into the oral cavity nasally, and completed intubation with laryngoscope. The success rate of intubation, time of intubation, the real-time blood pressure before and after intubation, heart rate and related complications were recorded before intubation and after intubation. Results In the 42 patients, 41 patients were successful for guidance intubation, and the success rate of intubation was about 97.6%. The average intubation time was(124.5±38.2) seconds. The shortest intubation time was 12 seconds and the longest was 276 seconds. During intubation, the increases of blood pressure and heart rate were in the normal range (<30%). Levels of SpO2 were maintained at 0.92-1.00. All the patients were without agitation. There were no serious complications such as hoarseness and pharyngalgia after operation.Conclusion The flexible laser endotracheal intubation optical device can be used quickly for oral and maxillofacial intubation, and the 45° bevel design for optical device can form two kinds of zones with bright light upward and downward. It is a new tool for nasal intubation that is more convenient for location of light guidance, and has high success rate and small stimulation.
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Objective To observe the effect and mechanism of quercetin on the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cell(HSC)induced by TGF-β1.Methods HSC was isolated by orthotopic hepatic perfusion with collagenase Ⅳ.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the proliferation of HSC.The expression of typeⅠcollagen in HSC was detected by ELISA.The effect of quercetin on the expression of typeⅠcollagen,Smad2 and Smad7 mRNA in HSC was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The expression of type Ⅰ collagen,Smad2 and Smad7 protein in HSC was detected by Western blot.Results Quercetin could inhibit the proliferation of HSC,down-regulated the expression of type Ⅰ collagen,Smad2 mRNA and protein,and Smad7 mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated(all P<0.05).Conclusion The anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of quercetin may be related to its blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway of HSC and blocking the activation and proliferation of HSC.
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Objective:To investigate the value of serum anti-PLA2 R as a diagnostic marker of idiopathic membranous nephropathy( IMN).Methods:All available articles about serum anti-PLA2 R as a marker of IMN which were published at home and abroad from 2009.1 to 2013.12 were pooled from the databases of PubMed,Elsevier,Springer,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang database et al. The quality of the papers were evaluated by the quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy studies( QUADAS).And then a meta-analysis was conducted by the statistical softwares of Meta-Disc and Stata.The diagnostic value of serum anti-PLA2 R in IMN was evaluated by the statistical indicators of pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, pooled likelihood ratio and summary receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC curve).Sensitivity analysis was performed by reducing a paper in order,and publication bias was tested by Egger funnel plot.Results: Seven articles were selected to the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria and 967 cases were included in the study ( 454 IMN patients and 513 controls ).Heterogeneity test showed no heterogeneity threshold effect ( Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.107,P=0.819),but there was heterogeneity caused by non threshold effects(Cochrane-Q was 16.89,P=0.009 7).So random model was used to pool the effect size.The overall combined effect sizes:sensitivity was 69%,95%CI:0.65-0.73;specificity:98%,95%CI:0.96-0.99;pooled positive likelihood ratio 16.37,95%CI:4.06-65.95;pooled negative likelihood ratio 0.32,95%CI:0.24-0.43;AUC of SROC:0.854 0,Q*=0.785 0.Sensitivity analysis showed that this research was stable and reliable and Egger funnel plot showed little publication bias.Conclusion: Serum anti-PLA2 R is an useful biomarker to the diagnosis of IMN.
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Fibronectin-binding protein (FnBPA) is a protein that expresses on cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus during early stage of infection. FnBPA was capable of promoting Staphylococcus aureus to invade cells and was viewed as a potential immune target. Based on the FnBPA-A gene two recombinant expression vectors with or without Kozak sequence were constructed. After identified and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing they were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice. Then induced antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferative response and experiment mice challenge test were measured. Our result indicates that humoral immune responses and challenge experiment induced by recombinant DNA with Kozak sequence were better than those without Kozak sequence (P < 0.05). For T lymphocyte proliferative response the induced effect of recombinant DNA with Kozak sequence was higher than that without Kozak sequence, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). We conclude that Kozak sequence could play an important role in immune response induced by FnBPA-A recombinant DNA.
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Animals , Mice , Adhesins, Bacterial , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Immunization , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Recombinant Proteins , Allergy and Immunology , Staphylococcus aureus , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Vaccines, DNA , Genetics , Allergy and Immunologyالملخص
Objective To study the effects of the antiarrhythmic drugs of propafenone, amiodarone and dilthiazem on c-type Kv1. 4 channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes with two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Methods Defolliculated oocytes ( stage Ⅴ - Ⅵ) had transcribed cRNAs of ferret Kv1. 4△N channels injected. The oocytes were continuously perfused with control solution or propafenone, amiodarone and dilthiazem under monitoring of software of Clampfit v 9. 0. Results All of the three drugs blocked ferret Kv1. 4△N channel in voltage-, frequency- and concentration-dependent manners. The values of IC50 (50%inhibiting concentration ) of propafenone, amiodarone and dilthiazem were ( 103.4± 2. 2 ) μ mol/L,(501.22 +5.9) μmol/L and (353.62 +9.9) μmol/L, respectively. The currents under the actions of propafenone , amiodarone and dilthiazem were decreased to 41%, 32% and 21% of control group, respectively. Propafenone (100μ mol/L), Amiodarone (500μmol/L), dilthiazem (350μmol/L) inhibited currents to (54. 6 + 1.9 ) %, ( 46. 3 + 3.5 ) %, ( 52. 8 ± 2. 8 ) % of control group in voltage-dependent blockage. Conclusions The results suggested that all the three drugs blocked the kv1. 4△N channel in the open state. The three drugs block the kv1. 4△N channel maybe had the similiar effects in some respects, but each had its unique characteristics.
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BACKGROUND:The key of stem cells for treating nervous tissue injury is the transplantation of stem coils that have regeneration capacity.The structure and function of central nervous system were re-established by multiple action mechanisms.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)locally transplanted into rats with spinal cord injury on neurological recovery.METHODS:BMSCs were separated with density gradient centrifugation and cell attachment.10 mg/L BrdU was used for labeling before cell transplantation.Adult female Wistar rats were used to establish spinal cord injury models using an aneurysm clip,and they were then randomly divided into control group,saline group and transplantation group.In the transplantation group,BMSCs were transplanted into the damaged spinal cord by stereotaxis at day 7 following damage.In the saline group,an equal volume of saline was utilized.In the control group,the rats were left intact.Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)locomotor rating scale was used before and at 7,14,30,60 and 90 days following damage.Rats were sacrificed at day 90.BrdU-positive cells,Brdu+neuron specific enolase,Brdu+glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),Brdu+basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),and Brdu+brain-derived nerve growth factor(BDNF)immunohistochemistry double-staining cells and simple staining positive calls were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The recovery of BBB function score was better in the transplantation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The recovery speed of BBB function score was slower in the saline group than in the control group at 30 days following damage(P＜0.05).No significant difference was determined at day 90 compared with the control group(P＞0.05).BrdU-positive cells and double-staining cells of immunohistochemistry could be found at the center of damage site and 1 cm from caudal end to damaged site in rats of the transplantation group.The number of NSE,GFAP,bFGF and BDNF simple staining cells was significantly greater in the transplantation group than in the control and saline groups(P＜0.05).Results indicated that BMSC transplantation can improve the recovery of nervous function of rats with spinal cord injury.Its mechanism may be correlated with the differentiation of transplanted cells into neuron-like and glial cell-like cells,secretion or promoting secretion of neurotrophic factors in host.
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Compatibility chemistry of acid-alkaline pair medicines in formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important research field which should merit to pay attention. The ideas and methods in prescription compatibility research on formulas containing alkaline-acid pair medicines were summarized from the aspect of chemical groups of alkaline and acid ingredients; the research results were introduced and analyzed; the research meaning was elaborated; and the expectation of the field was viewed.
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Animals , Humans , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Drug Incompatibility , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Researchالملخص
The effects of the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone at c-type kv1.4 channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes were studied with the two-electrode voltage-clamp techinique. Defolliculated oocytes (stage V-VI) were injected with transcribed cRNAs of ferret Kv1.4 delta N channels. During recording, oocytes were continuously perfused with control solution or propafenone. Propafenone decreased the currents during voltage steps. The block was voltage-, use-, and concentration- dependent manners. The block was increased with positive going potentials. The voltage dependence of block could be fitted with the sum of monoexponential and a linear function. Propafenone accelerated the inactivate of current during the voltage step. The concentration of half-maximal block (IC(50)) was 121 micrometer/L. With high, normal, and low extracellular potassium concentrations, the changes of IC(50) value had no significant statistical differences. The block of propafenone was PH- dependent in high-, normal- and low- extracellular potassium concentrations. Acidification of the extracellular solution to PH 6.0 increased the IC50 values to 463 micrometer/L, alkalization to PH 8.0 reduced it to 58 micrometer/L. The results suggest that propafenone blocks the kv1.4 delta N channel in the open state and give some hints for an intracellular site of action.
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Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , /antagonists & inhibitors , Oocytes/drug effects , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Potassium/metabolism , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Propafenone/pharmacology , Xenopus laevisالملخص
Objective To study the reliability and validity of the clinical neurologic deficit scale in evaluating stroke patients. Methods A total of 222 inpatients with acute stroke onset were included in the study. They were assessed when admitted, at the 14th and 90th day of hospitalization by different physicians using the clinical neurologic deficit scale. Intrarater and interrater reliability were determined using Kappa correlation. The split-half rehability and internal consistency were evaluated using Cranbach's a coefficient. Concurrent validity and the predictive validity were determined by spearman rank correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by the factor analysis and the construct validity of the scale was measured according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project ischemic stroke subtypes in the patients with cerebral infarction. Results The scores of intrarater reliability in all items were higher than 0.6, the score of interrater reliability in the item "walking" was 0.542, the split-half reliability and the internal consistency were good as demonstrated by the score of 0.911 and 0.886 respectively, and assessment of reliability of different methods showed that "strength in upper limb" and "strength in hand", were poor as shown by the score of 0.393 and 0.386 respectively. The scale is highly correlated with the NIHSS ( both P=0.000) in both total and subtypes of stroke patients according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project by concurrent validity analysis. There was a high correlation between the scores of the scale and Barthel Index and the modified Rankin scales at the 90th day of hospitalization (both P=0.000). Conclusions The clinical neurologic deficit scale has a good internal consistency. There is concurrent validity between the scale and the NIHSS and could predict stroke outcome. Factor analysis of the scale displays the best construct validity in the patients with partial anterior circulation infarction, and could be used to evaluate the focus of vertebrobasilar artery despite its insensitivity.
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Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the important risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Ultrasonography can detect carotid intima-media thickness, compositions, configuration and surface structure of plaque, severity of carotid stenosis and its hemodynamics change, thus it is helpful to estimate the mechanism of ischemia and evaluate its risk factors. So it has a wide application prospect in screening high-risk population, guiding drug administration and surgical intervention.
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At present, the roles of neural plasticity and motor functional recovery in stroke have increasingly been paid attention to. The remodeling of cerebral cortex after stroke can complement the function of injured tissues, which has been confirmed by animal experiments. Functional neuroimaging technique has been gradually used in the evaluation of neural plasticity.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of 3 different therapeutic regimens for chronic urticaria.METHODS: 3 oral therapeutic regimens including regimen A(triprolidinen plus ranitidine),regimen B(levocetirizine),and regimen C(levocetirizine plus antipruritic) were analyzed using cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS: The total costs of regimen A,B,and C were 91.96 yuan,54.16 yuan and 356.56 yuan,respectively;The effective rates were 76.09%,74.00% and 91.84%,respectively;The cost-effectiveness ratios were 120.86,73.19 and 388.24,respectively.As compared with regimen B,the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for regimen A and C were 1 808.61 and 1 695.07,respectively.CONCLUSION: Regimen C is the preferable one in terms of the cost-effectiveness.