الملخص
Migraine can be triggered by many factors such as stress, sleep, fasting and environmental causes. There are few studies that evaluated migraine trigger factors in the adolescent population. Methods: A total of 100 participants from 10 to 19 years were subjected to a detailed headache questionnaire, with demographic and clinical data, and a headache diary including trigger factors during a two-month period was asked. Results: Fifty of the participants exhibited chronic migraine and the other 50 participants demonstrated episodic migraine. The most common group of trigger factors reported was the environmental one, mainly sun/clarity, followed by hot weather and the smell of perfume. Conclusions: Ninety-one percent of children and adolescents with migraine reported a trigger factor precipitating the migraine attack. .
Crises de migrânea podem ser desencadeadas por muitos fatores, como estresse, sono, jejum e causas ambientais. Poucos estudos avaliaram os fatores desencadeantes de migrânea em adolescentes. Métodos: Cem pacientes, de 10 a 19 anos, foram submetidos a um questionário detalhado sobre sua cefaleia, com dados demográficos e clínicos e um diário da cefaleia, incluindo perguntas sobre os fatores desencadeantes, por um período de dois meses. Resultados: Cinquenta pacientes apresentavam migrânea episódica e 50, migrânea crônica. O grupo de fatores desencadeantes mais frequentemente relatado foi o ambiental, principalmente sol ou claridade, seguido pelo clima quente e pelo cheiro de perfume. Conclusões: Noventa e um por cento dos adolescentes com migrânea relataram pelo menos um fator desencadeante de crises álgicas. .
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Precipitating Factors , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Sex Factorsالملخص
Migraines and sleep terrors (STs) are highly prevalent disorders with striking similarities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the antecedent of STs by comparing adolescents suffering from migraines with healthy controls in a large consecutive series. METHODS: All patients were subjected to a detailed headache questionnaire and were instructed to keep a headache diary during a two-month period. The age range was 10 to 19 years. The diagnosis of STs was defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. RESULTS: A total of 158 participants were evaluated. Of these participants, 50 suffered from episodic migraines (EMs), 57 had chronic migraines (CMs) and 51 were control subjects (CG). Participants who had a history of STs had significantly more migraines than participants who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine is strongly associated with a history of STs in the adolescent population independent of demographics and pain intensity.
Migrânea e terror noturno (TN) são transtornos de alta prevalência que compartilham muitas similaridades. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência do antecedente de TN, comparando adolescentes com migrânea e adolescentes saudáveis. Métodos: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um questionário detalhado sobre sua cefaleia e foram instruídos a preencher um diário durante um período de dois meses. A idade dos sujeitos variou entre 10 e 19 anos. O diagnóstico de TN foi definido de acordo com a Classificação Internacional dos Transtornos do Sono. Resultados: Foram avaliados 158 sujeitos. Desses indivíduos, 50 apresentavam migrânea episódica, 57 migrânea crônica e 51 eram controles. Participantes que tinham o antecedente de TN apresentavam significativamente mais crises de migrânea do que aqueles que não tinham. Conclusões: Migrânea esteve fortemente associada ao antecedente de TN na população de adolescentes independentemente de variáveis demográficas e intensidade da dor.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Night Terrors/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Epidemiologic Methods , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Night Terrors/diagnosis , Pain Measurementالملخص
CONTEXT: Newborns may present a range of motor phenomena that are not epileptic in nature. Chin tremor is an unusual movement disorder that typically starts in early childhood and may be precipitated by stress and emotion. Its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. CASE REPORT: We describe a full-term newborn that, immediately after neonatal anoxia, presented body and chin tremors that were unresponsive to anti-epileptic drugs. Subsequent neurological evaluation revealed signs of pyramidal tract damage and chin tremor triggered by percussion and crying. We discuss the hypothesis that the anatomopathological abnormality may lie at the level of the higher cortical centers or midbrain. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed in order to gain greater comprehension of neonatal tremors. Recognition of the various etiological possibilities and consequent management of treatable causes is essential for care optimization.
CONTEXTO: O recém-nascido está sujeito a uma gama de fenômenos motores de natureza não epiléptica. O tremor do mento é um distúrbio do movimento incomum que tem início habitual na infância e pode ser precipitado por estresse e emoção. Sua fisiopatologia não foi completamente elucidada. RELATO DE CASO: Descrevemos um recém-nascido no termo, que, após anóxia neonatal, apresentou tremor de corpo e mento não responsivo ao uso de drogas antiepilépticas. A avaliação neurológica posterior revelou sinais de lesão do trato piramidal e tremor de mento desencadeado por choro e percussão. Discutimos a hipótese de que as alterações anatomopatológicas estejam localizadas no mesencéfalo ou centros corticais superiores. CONCLUSÕES: São necessários novos estudos para maior compreensão dos tremores em recém-nascidos. O reconhecimento das diversas possibilidades etiológicas e o decorrente manejo das causas tratáveis são essenciais para a otimização do atendimento.
الموضوعات
Humans , Infant , Male , Chin , Hypoxia, Brain/complications , Tremor/etiology , Brain/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imagingالملخص
Dystonia is a central motor processing neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, often action-induced, involuntary movements or uncontrolled spasms. AIM: To compare patients with the diagnoses of focal and segmental adductor laryngeal dystonia at the Neurolarynx Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical retrospective study of data collected from patient registries from 2003 to 2009. RESULTS: Of 34 patients, 25 presented focal dystonia and 9 presented segmental dystonia. There were 30 females (88. 2 percent) and 4 males (11. 8 percent). A relation with a traumatic event was reported in 11 cases (32. 4 percent). Vocal tremor was observed in 21 patients (61. 8 percent). The mean age at onset, the age at diagnosis, and time between the onset and the diagnosis were respectively 55, 61. 3 and 6. 3 years. There was no statistical difference between patients with focal laryngeal adductor dystonia and segmental dystonia in the study data. CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistical differences among patients with focal adductor laryngeal dystonia and segmental dystonia relating to age of onset, age of diagnosis, gender, time between onset and diagnosis, presence of associated tremor, and relation to trauma.
A distonia é um transtorno neurológico do processamento motor central caracterizado por movimentos involuntários ou espasmos incontroláveis, induzidos por atividade. OBJETIVO: Comparar pacientes com o diagnóstico de distonia laríngea nas formas focal e distonia segmentar do Ambulatório de Neurolaringe. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo clínico retrospectivo a partir de levantamento dos prontuários entre 2003 e 2009. RESULTADOS: Dos 34 pacientes, 25 apresentaram distonia focal e 9 apresentaram distonia segmentar. Do total da amostra, 30 (88,2 por cento) eram do sexo feminino e 4 (11,8 por cento) do sexo masculino. A relação com situação traumática estava presente em 11 (32,4 por cento). O tremor associado esteve presente em 21 pacientes (61,8 por cento). A média da idade do início das queixas, idade do diagnóstico e do tempo de queixa até o diagnóstico da amostra foi respectivamente de 55 anos, 61,3 anos e 6,3 anos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre pacientes com distonia laríngea focal e distonia laríngea nos dados pesquisados. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferenças entre pacientes com distonia laríngea focal e distonia laríngea segmentar quanto à idade de início, idade do diagnóstico, gênero, tempo de duração dos sintomas até o diagnóstico, presença de tremor associado e relação com situação traumática.
الموضوعات
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dystonia/diagnosis , Laryngeal Muscles , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Dystonia/classification , Laryngeal Diseases/classification , Retrospective Studiesالملخص
OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic factors predicting a fatal outcome in HIV-negative children with neurotuberculosis based on clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory findings. METHOD: The clinical records of all in-patients diagnosed with neurotuberculosis from 1982 to 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The following prognostic parameters were examined: gender, age, close contact with a tuberculosis-infected individual, vaccination for bacillus Calmette-Guérin, purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin results, concomitant miliary tuberculosis, seizures, CSF results, and hydrocephalus. RESULTS: One hundred forty-one patients diagnosed with neurotuberculosis were included. Seventeen percent of the cases resulted in death. The factors that were correlated with a negative outcome included lack of contact with a tuberculosis-infected individual, negative PPD reaction, coma, and longer hospitalisation time. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which of these factors most often resulted in death. CONCLUSION: Coma at diagnosis, lack of tuberculosis contact, and a non-reactive PPD were the most important predictors of fatality in patients with neurotuberculosis.
OBJETIVO: Identificar elementos prognósticos para a letalidade da neurotuberculose na criança, a partir das manifestações clínicas, dados epidemiológicos e laboratoriais. MÉTODO: Registros de pacientes internados durante o período de 1982 a 2005 foram retrospectivamente avaliados. Os elementos prognósticos considerados foram: sexo, idade, história de contato íntimo com indivíduo com tuberculose, vacinação com o bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG), teste tuberculínico (PPD), concomitância de tuberculose miliar, convulsões, resultados da análise do LCR e presença de hidrocefalia. RESULTADOS: 141 pacientes com diagnóstico de neurotuberculose foram incluídos. Dezessete por cento dos pacientes foram a óbito. Os fatores associados ao óbito foram história negativa de contágio, ausência de reatividade ao teste de PPD, coma e tempo de internação prolongado. Análise por regressão logística múltipla foi usada para investigar as relações entre os elementos prognósticos e o desfecho óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores prognósticos na previsão de óbito nos pacientes com neurotuberculose foram a presença de coma no momento do diagnóstico, a ausência de história de contágio e a ausência de reação ao PPD.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/diagnosisالملخص
Auditory processing during childhood may be altered if there is any predisposing factor during the course of development. Neurological disorders are among the risk factors for auditory processing disorders. Some studies have shown verbal auditory processing disorder in children with epilepsy. Objective: To verify the performance of children with epilepsy on a nonverbal dichotic test. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects, 23 female and 15 male, ranging from 7 to 16 years of age with neurological diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, without clinical or imaging evidence of cerebral lesion were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: 23 patients diagnosed with partial seizures and 15 patients with generalized seizures. Illiterate children, children with hearing thresholds exceeding the normal range and with brain lesions confirmed either clinically or by imaging tests were excluded from the study group. Results: Analysis of the performance of epileptic patients with partial and generalized seizures on the Nonverbal Dichotic Test revealed that the majority of patients with epilepsy showed impairments in the test, with no significant differences related to seizure type, generalized or partial. Although patients with partial and generalized seizures performed similarly, all the epileptic patients showed different performance to a normal population. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of impairments among epileptic patients in relation to nonverbal processing in a dichotic paradigm.
O processamento da informação auditiva na infância pode estar alterado se houver algum fator predisponente durante o desenvolvimento. As alterações neurológicas são um fator de risco para distúrbios no processamento auditivo. Alguns estudos já demonstraram alteração do processamento da informação auditiva verbal em crianças com epilepsia. Objetivo: Verificar a performance de pacientes com epilepsia no teste dicótico não-verbal. Métodos: 38 crianças e adolescentes, na faixa etária compreendida entre 7 e 16 anos, com diagnóstico neurológico de epilepsia idiopática, 23 que apresentavam crise parcial e 15 com crise generalizada foram submetidas ao teste dicótico não-verbal. Resultados: Muitos pacientes com epilepsia apresentaram alterações no teste dicótico não-verbal. Não houve diferenças na presença e/ou tipo de alterações identificadas, segundo o tipo de crise, parcial ou generalizada. Conclusões: O estudo revelou alto índice de alterações no processamento auditivo de sons não-verbais, avaliado através de tarefa dicótica, em pacientes com epilepsia.
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Auditory Perception , Deafness , Epilepsy , Neurology , Neuropsychology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical dataالموضوعات
Humans , Infant , Male , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differentialالموضوعات
Humans , Infant , Male , Central Nervous System Cysts/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Central Nervous System Cysts/complications , Electroencephalography , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computedالملخص
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a rare autossomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that are not controlled by anticonvulsant medications but remits after administration of pyridoxine. We report on a 30 day-old girl who presented with seizures during the first day of life, initially responsive to anticonvulsant therapy, which remitted within two weeks. Seizures were characterized as multifocal myoclonic jerks of upper and lower limbs associated with buccal-lingual oral movements and eyelid blinking. Laboratory and neuroimaging studies were normal. Electroencephalographic record demonstrated a abnormal background activity with high-voltage epileptic discharges and a burst-suppression pattern. The seizures ceased after oral administration of pyridoxine, but recurred after withdrawal, confirming the diagnosis.
A epilepsia por dependência de piridoxina é uma doença autossômica recessiva rara caracterizada por crises recorrentes refratárias a tratamento medicamentoso, mas que remitem após a administração de piridoxina. Relatamos o caso de menina de 30 dias de vida que iniciou crises convulsivas desde o primeiro dia de vida, inicialmente responsivas a tratamento com drogas anticonvulsivantes, mas que reiniciaram após a segunda semana de vida. As crises eram caracterizadas por movimentos clônicos erráticos de membros superiores e inferiores associados a movimentos oromandibulares e piscamentos. Exames laboratoriais e de neuroimagem foram normais. O exame eletrencefalográfico evidenciou atividade de base desorganizada com descargas epilépticas de alta voltagem associadas a um padrão de surto-supressão. As crises cessaram após a administração de piridoxina e recorreram após a sua retirada, confirmando o diagnóstico.
الموضوعات
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
A fibrodisplasia ossificante progressiva (FOP) é doença rara, autossômica dominante, caracterizada por ossificação heterotópica progressiva pós-natal do tecido conjuntivo e malformação congênita dos háluces. Relatamos o caso de menina de nove anos com o quadro clínico-radiológico típico de FOP, nascida com hálux valgo bilateral e que aos 9 anos de idade apresentou massa dolorosa, de consistência endurecida, sem sinais inflamatórios, situada na região cervical. dicionalmente, era possível observar diminuição importante da movimentação em todos os níveis da coluna vertebral e da cintura escapular. A avaliação radiológica revelou a presença de ossificações heterotópicas na região torácica e malformação bilateral dos háluces. A paciente teve outros dois surtos da doença, que foram tratados com corticosteróide oral por quatro dias, (2 mg/kg/dia) seguido por tratamento prolongado com inibidores da Cox-2 (25 mg/dia) e com inibidor de leucotrienos (10 mg/dia).
الموضوعات
Child , Female , Humans , Acetates/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Myositis Ossificans , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Myositis Ossificans/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computedالملخص
Nephrotic syndrome in infancy and childhood is known to be associated with a hypercoagulable state and thromboembolic complications, but cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CST) is a very rare and serious one, with only a few isolated reports in the literature. A case is presented of a 9-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome that acutely developed signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension syndrome. CST was diagnosed on cranial CT and MRI and he gradually recovered after treatment with anticoagulants. The diagnosis of CST should be considered in any patient with nephrotic syndrome who develops neurologic symptoms. The discussion of this case, coupled with a review of the literature, emphasizes that early diagnosis is essential for institution of anticoagulation therapy and a successful outcome. This report also illustrates the difficulties that may be encountered in managing such a patient
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Child , Nephrotic Syndrome/complications , Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/complications , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Phlebography , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Tomography, X-Ray Computedالملخص
Relatamos o caso de uma menina com 6 anos de idade que apresentava episódios recorrentes de diarréia desde os 6 meses de vida associada a anemia ferropriva com desenvolvimento neuromotor normal. Aos 3 anos de idade começou a apresentar crises parciais que foram controladas com carbamazepina. Tomografia computadorizada de crânio aos 5 anos demonstrou calcificaçöes girais grosseiras nas regiöes occipital e parietal posterior bilateralmente. A ressonância magnética de crânio evidenciou áreas de hipossinal em T2 na regiäo parieto-occipital bilateralmente. Realizou investigaçäo para síndrome de mal absorçäo incluindo estudo da funçäo digestivo/absortiva (teste D-xilose), avaliaçäo sorológica (anticorpos antigliadina, antiendomísio e antitransglutaminase) e biopsia de intestino delgado que demonstrou intensa atrofia de vilosidades com infiltrado linfoplasmocitário no córion compatível com doença celíaca
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Child , Brain Diseases , Calcinosis , Celiac Disease , Epilepsy , Occipital Lobe , Brain Diseases , Calcinosis , Celiac Disease , Epilepsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computedالملخص
CONTEXT: Auditory processing during childhood may be altered if there is any predisposing factor during the course of development. Neurological disorders are among the risk factors for auditory processing impairment. From this perspective, epileptic children present such a risk factor and could present auditory processing dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate central auditory processing in epileptic patients using the Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW) in order to verify whether these patients presented auditory disorders and whether the type of crisis partial or generalized played a role in the occurrence and type of disorder. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. SAMPLE: Thirty-eight children and adolescents, ranging from 7 to 16 years old, with a diagnosis of epilepsy divided into two groups: 23 patients with partial crisis and 15 patients with generalized crisis. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Performance in the Staggered Spondaic Word Test versus epileptic crisis type (partial or generalized). RESULTS: The majority of epileptic patients showed central auditory processing disorders. There were no differences in relation to crisis type. Both groups showed similar performance, although the results observed for these patients differ from what is obtained with normal populations. With regard to response bias, there were also no differences in performance between subjects with partial or generalized seizures. All possible disorders were found in both groups, without the prevalence of one specific disorder over the other. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence of disorders among epileptic patients in relation to processing partially overlapped verbal sounds in a dichotic paradigm
الموضوعات
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Auditory Perceptual Disorders , Dichotic Listening Tests , Epilepsy , Auditory Perceptual Disorders , Brazil , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Epilepsyالملخص
Taken as proved that brain tumors are the second most frequent childhood neoplasm - only outnumbered by leukemias - we have undertaken a clinical perspective study with seventy brain tumor patients ranging from one to fifteen years of age, throughout a four-year period (1993-1997), based on ambulatory-oriented follow-up. Forty-one male and twenty-nine female patients were analyzed, in that a slightly higher number of infratentorial tumors was observed (thirty-eight cases), compared to those supratentorially located (thirty-two cases). The most repeatedly observed during the study was the medulloblastoma (twenty-one patients), followed by the astrocytoma (fifteen patients) and the germinoma (eleven patients). It should be pointed out that during the ambulatory follow-up 75,5 percent of patients developed neurological sequels. A tumor recurrence was noticed in 34,3 percent of them, while 21,4 percent eventually died
الموضوعات
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Epilepsy , Parents , Adaptation, Psychological , Epilepsyالملخص
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características comportamentais de Kaspar Hauser, a fim de estabelecer uma provável hipótese diagnóstica sindrômica. Para tanto, assistimos ao filme O enigma de Kaspar Hauser, de Werner Herzog, através do qual pudemos observar os comportamentos motor, cognitivo, social e de linguagem do referido personagem. A partir da análise dos comportamentos de Kaspar Hauser, pudemps hipotetizar como quadro sindrômico o retardo mental leve, cuja etiologia no caso nos pareceu relacionado ao ambiente severamente empobrecido. Tal condiçäo promoveu alteraçöes anatomofuncionais em diferentes estruturas, especialmente no SNC. Em conseqüência, estabeleceu-se a alteraçäo da manifestaçäo de comportamento ligados à soluçäo de problemas, incluindo os adaptativo-sociais
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Child Psychiatry , Intellectual Disability , Sensory Deprivationالملخص
Menkes disease is a rare X-linked disorder related to a defect in the copper metabolism. According to the current literature, the most frequent neuroimaging findings are cortical atrophy, chronic subdural effusion or hygroma, and vascular abnormalities. White matter lesions may be present before other features of the disease and may evolve into atrophy. We hereby report a case of Menkes disease with typical history and progression, and an early phase imaging study with important white matter abnormalities, which could have lead to diagnostic difficulties