Analysis of AHFtest-based HIV antibody self-testing data / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the characteristics of AHFtest-based HIV antibody self-testing among male adolescents at ages of 15 to 24 years, so as to provide insights into the promotion of HIV antibody self-testing.@*Methods@#Data were collected from male adolescents at ages of 15 to 24 years that applied for HIV antibody self-testing in the AHFtest platform from 2019 to 2021, with mailing address showing as Zhejiang Province, and demographics, applying cause and testing results were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 268 male adolescents were enrolled, with a median age of 22.00 (interquartile range, 3.00) years. There were 160 cases with an educational level of junior college/bachelor (59.70%), 147 students (54.85%), 175 men who had sex with men (65.30%), and 126 cases with a history of previous HIV antibody self-testing (47.01%). The main causes for applying for HIV antibody self-testing through AHFtest were "easy to operate" (259 cases, 96.64%) and "privacy protect" (102 cases, 38.06%). There were 203 subjects that applied once HIV antibody self-testing (75.75%), and 65 subjects that applied multiple self-testing (24.25%). There were 123 subjects that uploaded their test results (45.90%), including 3 cases with HIV antibody positive, and 125 subjects that did not tell others the self-testing results (46.64%).@*Conclusions@#Among male applicants at ages of 15 to 24 years in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2021, students are predominant occupation. Easy to operate and privacy protect are the main cause for the application, but the proportion of detection results uploading is relatively low.

Factors affecting the achievement of the target for blood glucose control among community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the achievement of the target for blood glucose control among community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into developing blood glucose management strategies and intervention measures.@*Methods@#Basic information, lifestyle, medication use, disease history, and HbA1c test results of T2DM patients aged 18 years and older and living in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality for more than 6 months were collected through Jinshan District Chronic Disease Follow up Management System and district-level information platform. The proportion of blood glucose achieving the control target (HbA1c<7%) was analyzed. Factors affecting the achievement of the target for blood glucose control were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 16 758 T2DM patients were included, with 7 844 males (46.81%) and 8 914 females (53.19%), and a median age of 69.00 (interquartile range, 12.00) years. There were 8 095 patients achieving the blood glucose control target, accounting for 48.31%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (60-69 years, OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.675-0.832; 70-79 years, OR=0.892, 95%CI: 0.801-0.993; ≥80 years, OR=1.238, 95%CI: 1.086-1.411), body mass index (overweight, OR=0.926, 95%CI: 0.863-0.993; obesity, OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.718-0.891), disease course (6-10 years, OR=0.728, 95%CI: 0.673-0.787; ≥11 years, OR=0.534, 95%CI: 489-0.583), smoking (daily, OR=0.792, 95%CI: 0.730-0.860), drinking (daily, OR=0.788, 95%CI: 0.642-0.967), medication adherence (intermittent, OR=0.293, 95%CI: 0.271-0.317; self discontinuation, OR=0.074, 95%CI: 0.064-0.087), hypertension (OR=0.643, 95%CI: 0.588-0.703) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR=0.671, 95%CI: 0.563-0.800) were the influencing factors for the achievement of the target for blood glucose control among T2DM patients.@*Conclusion@#The blood glucose control among T2DM patients is mainly affected by age, body mass index, disease course, smoking, drinking, medication adherence and comorbidities.

Effectiveness of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test in screening for latent tuberculosis infection among HIV/AIDS patients / 预防医学

Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (EC-ST) in screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among HIV/AIDS patients, so as to provide insights into the applicability of EC-ST in LTBI screening among HIV/AIDS patients.@*Methods@#From April to June 2023, HIV/AIDS patients under management and treatment in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, were selected as study subjects. Basic information was collected through questionnaire surveys. LTBI was screened by EC-ST and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Taking IGRA results as the diagnostic standard, the positive rate, sensitivity, specificity and consistency rate of EC-ST, and the impact of CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts on the screening effect of EC-ST were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 523 HIV/AIDS patients were screened, including 458 males (87.57%) and 65 females (12.43%). The median age was 48.00 (interquartile range, 21.00) years. The positive rate of EC-ST was 7.27% and the positive rate of IGRA was 7.46%, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The consistency rate of the two methods was 94.84%, and the Kappa value of 0.621 (95%CI: 0.489-0.752, P<0.05). The sensitivity of EC-ST was 64.10% and the specificity was 97.31%. Comparing the groups with CD4 counts <500 and ≥500 cells/μL, the consistency rates of the two methods were 95.32% and 94.44%, and the Kappa values were 0.568 and 0.650, respectively (both P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates, sensitivity, and specificity of EC-ST (all P>0.05). Comparing the groups with CD4 counts <200 and ≥200 cells/μL, the consistency rates of the two methods were 96.55% and 94.62%, and the Kappa values were 0.648 and 0.619, respectively (both P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates, sensitivity, and specificity of EC-ST (all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The effectiveness of EC-ST in screening for LTBI among HIV/AIDS patients is consistent with that of IGRA and is not affected by CD4 counts.

Morphological Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Respiratory System and Related Functions Based on AQPs Expression

SUMMARY: A great deal of attention of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing, particularly in relation to haze days. It is that exposure to cigarette smoke augments the toxicity of common air contaminants, thereby increasing the complexity of respiratory diseases. Although there are various mechanisms involved to respiratory diseases caused or worsen by cigarette smoking, in which the role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis still remains elusive. In this paper, we copied the rat models based on smoke generator, and investigated the morphological changes of mucosa and related functions depending on the balance of lining liquid of alveoli via AQPs expression. Compared with normal group, weak labelling of AQP1 and AQP5 protein abundance were clearly detected in the corresponding part of smoke exposure groups compared with normal group. Hence, it is suggested that the contribution of AQPs in the lung is diminished, thereby causing perturbed balancing between resorptive and secretory fluid homeostasis under cigarette smoking.

Cada vez se presta más atención a la contaminación del aire en la salud respiratoria, particularmente, en relación con los días de neblina. En consecuencia la exposición al humo del cigarrillo aumenta la toxicidad de los contaminantes comunes del aire, lo que además aumenta la complejidad de las enfermedades respiratorias. Aunque existen varios mecanismos involucrados en las enfermedades respiratorias causadas o empeoradas por el tabaquismo, en las que el papel de las AQP en el pulmón respecto a la homeostasis de líquidos sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar. En este artículo, copiamos los modelos de rata basados en el generador de humo e investigamos los cambios morfológicos de la mucosa y las funciones relacionadas según el equilibrio del líquido de revestimiento de los alvéolos a través de la expresión de AQP. En comparación con el grupo normal, se detectó claramente un etiquetado débil de la abundancia de proteínas AQP1 y AQP5 en la parte correspondiente de los grupos de exposición al humo en comparación con el grupo control. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que la contribución de las AQP en el pulmón está disminuida, provocando así un equilibrio perturbado entre la homeostasis del líquido secretor y de reabsorción bajo el hábito de fumar cigarrillos.

Anemia among rural children aged 3-6 in central China and its association with dietary behaviors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of anemia among rural children aged 3-6 in central China and its relationship with dietary behavior, and to provide reference for prevention and intervention of anemia in rural children.@*Methods@#From April to June 2021, stratified cluster sampling was used to select 1 246 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old in rural areas in central China. Peripheral blood of the ring finger was collected. Dietary behaviors regarding consumption of cereals and potatoes, fruits, vegetables, soy products, milk, animal foods, food diversity, and drinking water were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between anemia and dietary behaviors.@*Results@#The detection rate of anemia in rural children aged 3-6 in central China was 13.88%. The anemia detection rate of left behind children (19.00%) was higher than that of non left behind children (11.27%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=13.93, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of left behind children ( OR=1.28, 95%CI =1.16-1.56) with anemia was higher than that of non left behind children ( P <0.01). Consumption of animal food intake ≥3 times/week ( OR=0.82, 95%CI =0.69-0.91), and ≥2 kinds of vegetables ( OR= 0.86, 95%CI =0.71-0.93) were associated with lower rate of anemia ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of anemia in rural children aged 3-6 years in central China is relatively high, especially in left behind children. Dietary literacy of caregivers should be further improved regarding increased intake of animal foods and vegetables to reduce the risk for anemia in preschoolers.

Related factors of abnormal body posture among urban primary school students in Yinchuan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of abnormal body posture among urban primary school students in Yinchuan City, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of abnormal body posture.@*Methods@#A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 1 947 urban primary school students aged 7-12 years from 9 schools in Yinchuan City. Body Style(Model.S-8.0) instrument was used to screen abnormal body posture and questionnaire was designed to investigate related factors.@*Results@#The comprehensive body posture score of urban primary school students in Yinchuan City was(22.07±2.87), and the detection rate of abnormal posturing was 71.29%；which varied significantly by gender, age, body mass index (BMI)( χ 2=9.84, 13.47, 6.46, P <0.05). Specially, the rate of girls (73.54%) was higher than that of boys( 69.07 %); the abnormal rate of children aged 7-8(68.24%) was lower than that of 9-10(72.17%) and 11-12(73.54%); obese children (74.91%) was higher than that of overweight (72.64%) and normal weight children(70.28%). The high and low shoulders (40.73%), pelvis forward (39.39%) and X/O legs (38.57%) were the most common indicators of abnormal posture; the composition of the overall body posture abnormalities was higher in mild (54.32%) than moderate (37.82%) and severe (7.85%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls( OR =1.23), being older(9-10 years old OR =1.89, 11-12 years old OR = 2.48 ), overweight ( OR =1.39) and obesity( OR =2.34), occasionally participate in physical exercise ( OR =2.96), exercise duration <30 minutes daily ( OR =2.77), video duration ≥2 h daily ( OR =2.84), almost no dairy products ( OR =1.79), almost no food Fish consumption ( OR =1.77), almost no vegetables ( OR =2.14), drinking carbonated beverages daily ( OR =2.97), and sleeping time <6 h daily ( OR =2.56) were the related factors of body posture development of urban primary school students( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The abnormal body posture of urban primary school students in Yinchuan City is prevalent, which is related to the timely length of physical exercise, nutrition, video screen and sleep duration, and should be paid enough attention.

A review of the impact of school based interventions on cardiovascular metabolic risk in children / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#School based lifestyle interventions have many advantages, which can effectively reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, improve children and their families knowledge of overweight and obesity, and enhance their cognition of behaviors related to energy balance. Moreover, it can improve the level of cardiometabolic risk (CMR). By searching PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases, the article review the effects of school based physical activity and dietary interventions on children s blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and other CMR indicators, and analyze the differences among different groups of people, such as gender, age, and race, in order to provide the evidence for future school based intervention studies on overweight and obesity in children.

Physical activity of middle school students in January 2023 in Ningxia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate physical activity status and associated factors of middle school students in Ningxia in January 2023, and to provide references for the better development of physical activity among middle school students.@*Methods@#In February 1-7,2023, a convenient sampling method was used to select 6 593 middle school students in 5 prefectural cities of Ningxia. Online questionnaires were used to investigate physical activity and its influencing factors in the previous month.@*Results@#The detection rates of sedentary behavior, light physical activity, moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity was 92.25%, 4.66%, 2.72% and 0.38%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that being female, older age, overweight, obesity, COVID-19 infection, low to moderate family support, low to moderate level knowledge of physical activity, insufficient physical activity skills, insufficient physical activity equipment, long distance (>2.5 km or above) were associated with less physical activity ( OR=1.22, 2.47, 1.89, 1.39, 2.32, 1.20, 2.61, 1.85, 1.45, 1.23, 1.26, 1.11, 2.05, 1.77, 1.14, 1.43, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The poor physical activity performance of middle school students in Ningxia is related to BMI, COVID-19 infection, physical activity knowledge and skills, distance from activity places, etc. The influencing factors should be actively controlled to promote students physical health.

Injury prevention in the training of triple jump athletes / Prevenção de lesões no treinamento de esportistas de salto triplo / Prevención de lesiones en el entrenamiento de atletas de triple salto

ABSTRACT Introduction: The triple jump technique is one of the techniques of the most difficult sport in athletics, requiring extremely high physical qualities such as muscular strength, explosive power, and coordination capacity of athletes. Training its young practitioners should prioritize the specific teaching of sports techniques and the prevention of injuries intrinsic to the sport. Objective: Promote preventive interventions in training young triple jump athletes. Methods: The research method was used with interviews with athletes, coaches, and specialists. A statistical analysis was performed to identify the most relevant injuries in the sport. A protocol of preventive activities to be added to the athletes' training was elaborated through the data obtained. Results: A survey of young triple jumpers in sports schools in some cities in Province A found that there were 62 junior triple jumpers, of which 48 had injuries, the injury rate was 77.4%, and the injury rate of junior triple jumpers was relatively high, mainly in the knee. After analyzing the factors that cause sports injuries, it is shown that by rationalizing the training plan for the triple jump and the scientific content of training, athletes gradually increase their adaptability and self-protective ability to the influence of external factors, mastering the methods of prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries of the knee. Conclusion: The preventive interventions presented allow triple jump athletes to maintain their best competitive state and create competitive results at the professional level. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A técnica do salto triplo é uma das técnicas esportivas mais difíceis do atletismo, requerendo qualidades físicas extremamente elevadas como força muscular, poder explosivo e capacidade de coordenação dos atletas. O treinamento de seus jovens praticantes deve priorizar tanto o ensino específico das técnicas esportivas quanto a prevenção de lesões intrínsecas do esporte. Objetivo: Fomentar intervenções preventivas no treinamento de jovens atletas praticantes de salto triplo. Métodos: Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa com entrevistas entre atletas, treinadores e especialistas. Uma análise estatística foi elaborada para levantar as lesões mais relevantes ao esporte. Através dos dados obtidos, foi elaborado um protocolo de atividades preventivas a serem adicionadas no treinamento dos esportistas. Resultados: Uma pesquisa com jovens saltadores triplos em escolas esportivas de algumas cidades da Província A constatou que havia 62 saltadores triplos juniores, dos quais 48 tinham lesões, a taxa de lesões era de 77,4%, e a taxa de lesões dos saltadores triplos juniores era relativamente alta, principalmente no joelho. Após analisar os fatores que causam lesões esportivas, mostra-se que, racionalizando o plano de treinamento do salto triplo e o conteúdo científico do treinamento, os atletas aumentam gradualmente sua adaptabilidade e capacidade de autoproteção à influência de fatores externos, dominando os métodos de prevenção e reabilitação das lesões esportivas do joelho. Conclusão: As intervenções preventivas apresentadas permitem que os atletas do salto triplo mantenham seu melhor estado competitivo e criem resultados de competição a nível profissional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La técnica del triple salto es una de las técnicas deportivas más difíciles del atletismo, ya que requiere cualidades físicas muy elevadas como la fuerza muscular, la potencia explosiva y la capacidad de coordinación de los atletas. La formación de sus jóvenes practicantes debe priorizar tanto la enseñanza específica de las técnicas deportivas como la prevención de las lesiones intrínsecas del deporte. Objetivo: Promover intervenciones preventivas en el entrenamiento de jóvenes atletas de triple salto. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de investigación con entrevistas a atletas, entrenadores y especialistas. Se elaboró un análisis estadístico para identificar las lesiones más relevantes en el deporte. A través de los datos obtenidos, se elaboró un protocolo de actividades preventivas a añadir en el entrenamiento de los deportistas. Resultados: Una encuesta realizada a jóvenes saltadores de triple en escuelas deportivas de algunas ciudades de la provincia A reveló que había 62 saltadores de triple junior, de los cuales 48 tenían lesiones, la tasa de lesiones era del 77,4%, y la tasa de lesiones de los saltadores de triple junior era relativamente alta, principalmente en la rodilla. Después de analizar los factores que causan las lesiones deportivas, se demuestra que al racionalizar el plan de entrenamiento del triple salto y el contenido científico del entrenamiento, los atletas aumentan gradualmente su capacidad de adaptación y autoprotección a la influencia de los factores externos, dominando los métodos de prevención y rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas de rodilla. Conclusión: Las intervenciones preventivas presentadas permiten a los atletas de triple salto mantener su mejor estado competitivo y crear resultados de competición a nivel profesional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites and high-normal blood pressure in coke oven workers / 中国职业医学

@#Objective （ ） To investigate the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs metabolites - Methods and high normal blood pressure in coke oven workers. A total of 433 coke oven workers were selected as the study - subjects using convenient sampling method. They were divided into normal blood pressure group and high normal blood pressure group according to their blood pressure level. The levels of ten kinds of urinary hydroxylated PAHs metabolites were measured by - Results - high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Among the subjects,57.5% had high normal blood - ， - ， - pressure. The levels of 1 hydroxynathalene 2 hydroxyphenanthrene 1 hydroxyphenanthrene and the metabolite of total PAHs - （ P ） in the high normal blood pressure group were higher than those in the normal blood pressure group all <0.05 . The results of - ， - ， - ， the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary 1 hydroxynathalene 2 hydroxyfluorene 3 hydroxychrysene - （ P ）， and metabolite of total PAHs were all risk factors for high normal blood pressure in coke oven workers all <0.05 after ， ， ， ， ， adjusting for confounding factors such as gender length of service body mass index smoking index alcohol consumption tea ， ， ， Conclusion consumption night shift exercise frequency and other PAHs metabolites. Exposure to PAHs in coke oven plants may increase the risk of elevated blood pressure within the normal range among coke oven workers.

Paeoniflorin regulates gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism in colitis mice / 药学学报

The current study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of paeoniflorin on the dysregulated gut microbiota as well as the disturbed fecal bile acids (BAs) in colitis mice. After approved by Xi'an Jiaotong University Ethics Committees (Approval No. XJTU2019-679), the animals were randomly distributed into the control (Con), colitis, low dose paeoniflorin (PF-L, 25 mg·kg-1·d-1), high dose paeoniflorin (PF-H, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1) groups. Colitis was induced by administering 3% (w/v) DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Paeoniflorin and 5-ASA were dissolved in water and administered to the appropriate groups by oral gavage over the 7-day period. The mice were monitored daily, and the disease activity index (DAI) comprising of body weight loss, stool consistency and gross blood was measured. The pathological changes of colon were evaluated by HE staining; the levels of inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue were determined by ELISA; the gut permeability was measured by FITC-dextran. Microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA and targeted metabolomics for BAs were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota and fecal BAs pool. The results showed that administration of paeoniflorin markedly alleviated the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier dysfunction in DSS-induced colitis. Importantly, these ameliorative effects of paeoniflorin were accompanied by the improvements of disturbed composition of gut microbiota and the dysmetabolism of bile acids in feces. Finally, we performed Spearman's correlation analysis between the fecal BAs and gut microbiota genera, and found that Lactobacillus has a strong positive correlation with DCA and LCA which were reported to confer the beneficial effects of maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Taken together, paeoniflorin might improve the intestinal homeostasis in colitis mice via modulating gut microbiota and fecal BAs metabolism.

Association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms of UGT1A1 with NAFLD and serum lipids in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of UDP glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 ( UGT1A1 ) with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and levels of serum lipids in Beijing children, and to provide scientific evidence for the study of genetic mechanism.@*Methods@#In total, 1 027 children aged 7-18 years were recruited from two primary schools and three middle schools from Haidian district of Beijing, who were randomly assigned to case group ( n =162) and control group ( n =865). General condition and medical history were collected by trained field health workers. Height, weight and liver ultrasound were examined. Additionally, fasting venous blood were collected to detect serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UGT1A1 were genotyped. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the associations between three SNPs of UGT1A1 and NAFLD, ALT and levels of serum lipids.@*Results@#The SNP rs 10929303 (C>T) of UGT1A1 was negatively associated with NAFLD( OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.32- 0.83 , P =0.01), while the SNP rs 4148323 (G>A) was negatively associated with the serum level of TC ( B=-0.10, 95%CI=-0.19- -0.02 , P =0.02); in addition, results were consistent regardless of whether the TC level was measured using a categorical variable or continuous variable.@*Conclusion@#The SNP rs 10929303 of UGT1A1 is associated with NAFLD, and the SNP rs 4148323 of UGT1A1 is associated with TC levels in Beijing children.

Associations of physical activity and screen time with emotional and behavioral problems in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the associations of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and screen time (ST) with emotional and behavioral problems in children and to provide evidence for related intervention measures.@*Methods@#In March 2017, a total of 4 922 children aged 6-12 years from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were enrolled using stratified random cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were used to assess children s socio demographic information, MVPA, ST and emotional and behavioral problems. The associations of MVPA and ST with behavioral problems were explored by using generalized linear mixed models.@*Results@#Students with MVPA≥60 min per day accounted for 37.5%, and with ST≤2 h per day accounted for 87.7%. Children who were physically active showed lower scores for total difficulties, hyperactivity, and peer problems and higher score for prosocial than inactive peers( t =2.80, 2.47, 2.56, -1.97, all P <0.05). Also, children who spent less than 2 h ST per day reported lower scores for total difficulties, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems and higher score for prosocial compared to those with high ST( t =3.18, 3.35, 3.70, 3.80, -3.21, 4.97, all P <0.05). Children who met neither MVPA nor ST recommendations had significantly increased risks of total difficulties( OR=1.73, 95%CI =1.12-2.68), conduct problems( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.02-2.05), peer problems( OR=1.93, 95%CI =1.11-3.36), and prosocial ( OR=1.55, 95%CI =1.08-2.23) than those who met both.@*Conclusion@#MVPA and ST are independently related to children s emotional and behavioral problems, and the risks of emotional and behavioral problems increased in children with insufficient MVPA and longer ST.

Evaluating the efficacy of vitalstim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function training for treating

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the clinical efficacy of VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function training for patients with dysphagia following an acute stroke. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with dysphagia following an acute stroke were admitted to our hospital and were further divided into two groups using prospective research methods. There were 36 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional medical treatment and swallowing function training while the experimental group received conventional medical treatment and VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function training. RESULTS: The overall response rate of the experimental group (94.44%) was higher than that of the control group (77.78%), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the upward and forward movement speeds of the hyoid bone, anterior movement speed, the grading score of the Kubota drinking water test, Caiteng's grading score, serum superoxide dismutase, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine levels, Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, and multiple quality of life scores of the two groups showed improvement after treatment. While the standard swallowing assessment score, serum malondialdehyde level, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score decreased, the aforementioned indices showed a significant improvement in the experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function is effective for treating dysphagia following an acute stroke. It can effectively improve swallowing, neurological, and limb motor functions, reduce complications, promote physical recovery, and improve overall quality of life of patients.

Clinicopathologic factors associated with pathologic upstaging in patients clinically diagnosed stage T2N0M0 squamous cell esophageal carcinoma

Background: Even with the use of contrast-enhanced thin-layer chest computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), the likelihood of cT2N0M0 squamous cell esophageal cancer correlating with the final pathologic outcome is exceedingly low. We therefore sought to investigate the associations between different risk factors and pathologic upstaging in stage T2N0M0 esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 224 stage T2N0M0 squamous cell esophageal cancer patients who underwent complete resection over a 2-year period (October 2016–September 2018). The tumor volume (TV) was automatically measured from thin-layer chest CT scans using imaging software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with upstaging. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and its ability to identify pathological upstaging was assessed. Results: A total of 224 patients with clinical stage T2N0M0 squamous cell esophageal carcinoma (SCEC) underwent esophagectomy; of these patients, 96 (42.86%) had a more advanced stage during the final pathologic review than during the initial diagnosis. The risk factors for pathologic upstaging included a large TV, high total cholesterol (TC), high triglycerides (TGs), high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and high number of lymph nodes examined. The ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.845 (95% confidence interval 0.794–0.895). Conclusions: In SECC diagnosed as stage T2N0M0 by CT and EUS, the incidence of postoperative pathologic upstaging increases with a large TV, high TC, high TGs, high PLR, and high number of lymph nodes examined

Internet behaviors and associated factor among Chinese primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze Internet behaviors of children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for health education guidance and prevention measures.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used. From January to June 2019, 30 955 primary school students in 16 provinces (municipalities), from eastern, central, and western economic zones of China were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey, regarding general demographics, diet and exercise, tobacco, alcohol and sleep, Internet and electronics usage, etc.@*Results@#Among them, 43.1% of students had never been online with girls (44.7%) higher than boys (41.8%)(χ2=21.04, P<0.01); 1.3% of students reported online time for more than 4 hours a day, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=15.87, P<0.01); Internet addiction was detected in 2.4% of elementary school students, with boys (3.0%) higher than girls(1.7%)(χ2=331.77, P<0.01), and the trend increases with grade. With sixth grade (3.3%) were significantly higher than children from the first grade (0.8%) and other grades(χ2=163.96, P<0.01). Children’s tendency to Internet addiction was 11.9%, of which boys were 13.0% and girls were 10.6%, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=117.66, P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that, after controlling gender age, boarding school, family relationship, single parents and regrouped families, smoking, drinking sugary drinks, eating fried foods, and left-behind were positively related to Intenet addiction(r=0.06, 0.07, 0.27, 0.44, 0.07, 0.11, 0.09, P<0.01), while medium and high intensity sports, effective physical education, health education in school, AIDS education and parental restrictions on TV and computer games, were negatively associated with internet addiction(r=-0.74, -0.65, -0.04, -0.05, -0.63, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The internet addiction of Chinese primary school students is common and increases by year. High-intensity, high-density sports, effective physical education, and health education could help prevent Internet addiction among children.

Assessment on the third round of Zhejiang Comprehensive AIDS Response program / 预防医学

Objective@#To evaluate the third round of Zhejiang Comprehensive AIDS Response (CARES) program (nine national areas and three provincial areas) and the control effect of AIDS, so as to provide reference for AIDS prevention and control. @*Methods@#According to the final assessment protocol of the third round of China CARES, the data of 23 assessment items which were collected from online database and field investigation for 12 response areas of Zhejiang in 2014 and 2018 were evaluated. The endemic situation and detection of AIDS in CARES areas was compared with those in non-CARES areas, in order to evaluate the achievement of Zhejiang CARES areas.@*Results@#The rates of reaching the standard ranged from 91.30% to 100.00% in 12 CARES areas. Six indexes in leadership and innovation, fifteen (seventeen in total) indexes in HIV/AIDS control and prevention reached the standard. The items that failed included the awareness rates of AIDS and indicators in “prevention and intervention”. The rates of of reaching the standard in “publicity and education”, “monitoring and testing”, “prevention and intervention”, and “treatment and follow-up” increased from 55.56%, 79.17%, 79.76% and 65.00% in 2014 to 91.67%, 100.00%, 90.48% and 100.00% in 2018, respectively. The proportion of HIV testing people in permanent residents was 30.94% in CARES areas in 2018, which was significantly higher than 20.70% in non-CARES areas (P<0.05). The proportion of new reported HIV/AIDS in CARES areas was 50.87%, and the average increase was 4.48%, which was lower than 9.95% in non-CARES areas.@*Conclusion@#The third round of Zhejiang CARES program has remarkable achievement and plays a positive role in the prevention and control of AIDS.

Investigation and analysis of dietary behavior of Tibetan primary school students in Lhasa from 2014 and 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the dietary behavior of Tibetan primary school students in Lhasa from 2014 to 2019, and to provide support for dietary behavior improvement.@*Methods@#In 2014 and 2019, 1 128 and 1 214 Tibetan primary school students in Lhasa were investigated for dietary behavior, and the results were compared.@*Results@#The proportion of Tibetan primary school students in Lhasa who eat breakfast at home every day in 2019 (10.30%) was significantly higher than in 2014(2.39%), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=60.17, P<0.01). The proportion of students who took the recommended amount of meat, eggs, and dairy products in 2019 was higher than in 2014, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=242.05, 4.23, 14.16, P<0.05). In 2014 and 2019, the difference in the proportion of intake of vegetables and fruits was statistically significant(χ2=132.45, 115.64, P<0.01). In terms of the different types of beverages that were consumed the most in 2019, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01); the intake frequencies were also significantly different(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The dietary behavior of Tibetan primary school students in Lhasa has generally improved, but the problems of overweight and obesity caused by excessive energy intake and excessive intake of sugary beverages deserves more attention.

Simultaneous determination of verapamil and its metabolite norverapamil in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

A sensitive and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of verapamil and norverapamil in human plasma was established and utilized in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy patients. Protein was precipitated by methanol in plasma samples, and the analytes and internal standard were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse C18 column (50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient procedure using methanol-acetonitrile (50∶50) as the organic phase and 0.1% formic acid - 5% acetonitrile - 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate solution as the mobile phase at flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection modes were used for quantitative detection of verapamil, norverapamil and verapamil-d6 (IS). In the mode of multiple reaction monitoring of positive-ions, the monitoring ion pairs of verapamil, norverapamil and the verapamil-d6 were m/z 445.0→165.2, m/z 441.0→165.2 and m/z 461.1→165.2, respectively. The quantitative lower limit (LLOQ) for the determination of verapamil and norverapamil concentrations in human plasma can reach 0.1 ng·mL-1 in this assay. The calibration curve concentration ranged from 0.1 to 50 ng·mL-1 with high linearity (r2 > 0.997). The matrix effect of verapamil and norverapamil was 99.2%-100% and 101%-102%, respectively. The recovery of verapamil and norverapamil was 86.8%-95.9% and 87.4%-94.8%, respectively. This method has good specificity and high sensitivity. The determination of the verapamil and norverapamil was not subject to the matrix effect and stable extraction recovery was achieved in this assay. This method could be used to determine the concentration of verapamil and norverapamil in human plasma and suitable for human pharmacokinetic studies after approved by ethics committee.

Review of Eerdun-Wurile clinical research / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Objective@#To summarize the clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) in recent years, so as to clarify its clinical efficiency and provide an effective basis for future research.@*Methods@#The clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) was classified and summarized by consulting the relevant literature.@*Results@#Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile consists of many active ingredients such as <i>Sandalwood Padauk</i>, pearl, <i>Myristica fragrans, Calculus bovis</i>, Bufallo horn concentrated powder, <i>Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Euphorbia humifusa, Catsia tora Linn, Chingma Abutilon Seed</i>, Resina Liquidambaris, <i>Carthamus tinctorius L, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, Cardamoj amomum, Semen Nigellae, Cuminum cyminum L, Piper longum Linn, Lygodium japonicum</i>, crab, medicine terminalia fruit, <i>MeLia toosendan Sieb.etZucc</i>, musk, white sandalwood, <i>Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Aucklandia lappa Decne, Inula helenium L, Amomum tsao-ko Crevostet Lemaire etc</i>. Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile used for treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral infarction, cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, rheumatism, kind rheumatism, cervical spondylosis, arthritis, insomnia, high blood pressure, epilepsy, skin diseases, diabetes, eye diseases.@*Conclusion@#Mongolian Medicine Eerdun-Wurile has remarkable curative effect on cardiovascu- lar and cerebrovascular diseases, brain infarction, cerebral infarction, ischemic stroke, diabetic diseases, rheumatism, bone diseases and so on. In this paper, the curative effect of this drug was summarized to provide reference for its clinical application.